Egypt Declared Malaria-Free: A Milestone in Public Health

Egypt has reached a significant public health milestone by being officially declared ‘malaria-free’ by the World Health Organization (WHO) on October 20, 2024. This achievement makes Egypt the second country in the world to receive this certification in 2024, following Cabo Verde. 

Regional Recognition

• Egypt is the third country in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region to receive malaria-free certification, joining the United Arab Emirates (2007) and Morocco (2010).

Significance of Certification

• This milestone was achieved after 14 years in the region, marking a significant victory against a disease that has plagued Egypt since ancient times.

WHO’s Assessment

• The WHO certified Egypt’s status based on evidence that the malaria transmission chain had been broken for at least three years, alongside the country’s capacity to prevent re-establishment of transmission.

Historical Context

• Malaria evidence in Egypt dates back to 4000 BCE, primarily affecting communities near the Nile River.
• In the 1920s, Egypt launched initiatives to reduce human-mosquito contact, including banning rice cultivation near homes.

Control Efforts

• In 1930, malaria was classified as a notifiable disease, and control measures were enhanced through the establishment of treatment stations.
• The 1950s and 1960s saw successful malaria control through environmental management, larval control, and DDT campaigns.
• A surge in cases during World War II, reaching over three million by 1942, was managed by creating treatment centers and recruiting health workers.

Modern Developments

• By 2001, Egypt had controlled malaria and intensified efforts to eliminate remaining cases.
• An outbreak in Aswan in 2014 was swiftly contained through early detection and treatment.
• Healthcare Access: Over the past decade, healthcare access in Egypt has expanded, with 95% of the population living within 5 kilometers of a primary health center. Malaria diagnosis and treatment are provided free of charge, including to undocumented migrants.

Investment in Surveillance

• Egypt’s success is attributed to sustained investments in surveillance and a robust health system, emphasizing community engagement and partnerships.

Ongoing Initiatives

• To prevent the return of malaria, Egypt maintains strict surveillance, collaborates with neighboring countries, and implements robust vector control strategies.

Global Inspiration

• Egypt’s achievement serves as a model for other malaria-endemic countries, such as Nigeria, highlighting what can be accomplished with the right resources and tools. 
• Dr. Tedros emphasized that Egypt’s success showcases the potential for progress in global health efforts.