‘One Day One Genome’ Initiative Unveiled to Unlock India’s Microbial Potential

The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and the Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council (BRIC) have launched the ‘One Day One Genome’ initiative to map and highlight India’s microbial wealth. Announced by India’s G-20 Sherpa, Amitabh Kant, on BRIC’s 1st foundation day at the National Institute of Immunology (NII) on November 9, 2024, the initiative aims to showcase the critical role of unique bacterial species in India’s environment, agriculture, and human health. This project will leverage genome sequencing to explore and unlock the microbial world’s immense potential for various advancements.

Significance of Microbes in India

Microorganisms are pivotal to sustaining ecosystems, contributing to biogeochemical cycles, organic waste breakdown, and mineral purification. In agriculture, microbes facilitate nutrient cycling, nitrogen fixation, pest control, and stress management. These organisms also form symbiotic associations with plants, enhancing water and nutrient uptake. In human health, non-pathogenic microbes are crucial for digestion, immunity, and defense against infections, while microbial balance is essential for overall wellness.

Genome Sequencing and Research Potential

Genome sequencing under this initiative will enable comprehensive visualization of microbial functions. Researchers can study genetic information for crucial enzymes, bioactive compounds, and antimicrobial resistance. This data promises to revolutionize environmental management, agricultural practices, and healthcare solutions. Importantly, this research will drive new innovations, benefiting society and contributing to a sustainable ecosystem.

Accessibility and Impact

BRIC-NIBMG, a DBT institute, will oversee the initiative, making annotated bacterial genomes freely available to the public. Detailed graphical summaries, infographics, and annotation details will accompany each genome release. By democratizing microbial genomics data, the project will engage researchers, industry professionals, and the general public, stimulating discussions and potential innovations that impact multiple sectors, from science to industry.

India’s Microbial Potential: An Overview

Diverse Ecosystems: India, being a biodiversity hotspot, harbors a wide range of microbial species across diverse ecosystems, from the Himalayas to the coastal regions and deserts.

Critical Role in Biogeochemical Cycles: Microorganisms are essential in nutrient recycling, soil formation, organic matter decomposition, and mineral purification. They help maintain the balance of ecosystems by breaking down pollutants and producing essential elements.

Agricultural Contributions: In agriculture, microbes assist in nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, soil fertility, and pest control. They form symbiotic associations with plants, enhancing nutrient and water uptake.

Human Health: The human microbiome, which includes trillions of beneficial microorganisms, plays a vital role in digestion, immune response, and protection against diseases. Microbial imbalance can affect overall well-being and has been linked to numerous health conditions.

Industrial and Environmental Applications: Microbes are used in bioremediation, waste management, and the development of antibiotics, enzymes, and bioactive compounds. They are also explored for their potential in producing biofuels and sustainable industrial processes.

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