Paris Olympics 2024 Medal Tally, India Medal Tally in Olympics

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Paris Olympics 2024 Medal Tally, India Medal Tally in Olympics

Paris Olympics 2024 Medal Tally

China’s Liu Yukun won a gold medal, helping China stay at the top of the medal table. France is in second place, and Japan is in third. This is the 33rd Summer Olympics. It started on Friday and will end on August 11. The Paris Olympics has 32 sports. These include 28 main sports, plus some newer ones like breakdancing, skateboarding, surfing, and sports climbing. India won its third medal in the Paris 2024 Olympics. Swapnil Kusale got a bronze medal in the men’s 50m rifle 3 positions event. This happened in Chateauroux on Thursday.

Paris Olympics 2024 Medal Tally (Full List)

China leads with the most gold medals (11), but the United States has the highest total medal count (31). The top 5 countries by gold medals are China, France, Japan, Australia, and the United States.

Rank	Country	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	China	11	7	3	21
2	France	8	10	8	26
3	Japan	8	3	4	15
4	Australia	7	6	4	17
5	United States of America	6	13	12	31
6	Great Britain	6	7	7	20
7	South Korea	6	3	3	12
8	Italy	3	6	4	13
9	Canada	2	2	3	7
10	Germany	2	2	2	6
11	Netherlands	2	2	1	5
11	New Zealand	2	2	1	5
13	Romania	2	1	1	4
14	Hong Kong	2	0	2	4
15	Sweden	1	1	2	4
16	Georgia	1	1	0	2
17	Belgium	1	0	2	3
17	Ireland	1	0	2	3
17	Kazakhstan	1	0	2	3
17	South Africa	1	0	2	3
21	Croatia	1	0	1	2
21	Guatemala	1	0	1	2
23	Argentina	1	0	0	1
23	Azerbaijan	1	0	0	1
23	Ecuador	1	0	0	1
23	Serbia	1	0	0	1
23	Slovenia	1	0	0	1
23	Uzbekistan	1	0	0	1
29	Brazil	0	2	3	5
30	Hungary	0	2	1	3
31	North Korea	0	2	0	2
32	Poland	0	1	2	3
32	Spain	0	1	2	3
34	Kosovo	0	1	1	2
34	Mexico	0	1	1	2
34	Switzerland	0	1	1	2
34	Turkey	0	1	1	2
34	Ukraine	0	1	1	2
39	Fiji	0	1	0	1
39	Mongolia	0	1	0	1
39	Tunisia	0	1	0	1
42	India	0	0	3	3
43	Moldova	0	0	2	2
44	Austria	0	0	1	1
44	Egypt	0	0	1	1
44	Greece	0	0	1	1
44	Slovakia	0	0	1	1
44	Tajikistan	0	0	1	1

Updated 01-08-2024

Most Polluted City in India by November 2024, Check the List of Top-10

Most Polluted Cities in India by November 2024

Air pollution in India has reached dangerous levels in 2024, especially in northern cities. Many cities have AQI (Air Quality Index) readings marked as “hazardous,” impacting millions. Major causes include vehicle emissions, industrial output, and construction dust. This article looks at the 10 most polluted cities in India as of November 2024, highlighting their challenges.

India’s Most Polluted City by November 2024

By November 2024, Delhi had an average AQI of 310, marked as “Hazardous” according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). This placed Delhi at the top of India’s most polluted cities. Due to the serious rise in pollution, the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP-II) was implemented in Delhi-NCR to control the worsening air quality.

Top-10 Most Polluted Cities in India by November 2024

New Delhi, with an Air Quality Index of 371, stands as the most polluted city of India by November 2024, followed by Rohtak, Sonipat and Bhiwadi.

Here is the list of top-10 most polluted cities in India by November 2024:

Most Polluted Cities in India by November 2024
Rank	Cities	AQI Score
1.	New Delhi	371
2.	Rohtak	357
3.	Sonipat	345
4.	Bhiwadi	317
5.	Kalyan	278
6.	Ghaziabad	267
7.	Vrindawan	266
8.	Churu	260
9.	Hisar	236
10.	Rajgir	234

An Overview of AQI

The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a scale used to show how clean or polluted the air is and how it may affect health. The AQI ranges from 0 to 500, with higher numbers meaning more pollution and greater health risks. It is calculated by measuring levels of six main pollutants to give an overall score for air quality.

Indications of AQI

AQI is divided into six categories, each with a different level of health concern and color. Here is the list of categories of AQI:

Green: Good, 0 to 50
Yellow: Moderate, 51 to 100
Orange: Unhealthy for sensitive groups, 101 to 150
Red: Unhealthy, 151 to 200
Purple: Very unhealthy, 201 to 300
Maroon: Hazardous, 301 and higher

Valdecy Urquiza Elected New Secretary General of Interpol

Brazilian Federal Police Commissioner Valdecy Urquiza has been elected as the new Secretary General of Interpol at the organization’s 92nd General Assembly, held in Glasgow, Scotland, from November 4 to 7, 2024. Urquiza will take over the role from the outgoing Secretary General, Jurgen Stock, on November 7, 2024, marking a significant leadership transition in the world’s largest police organization.

Leadership Transition at Interpol

Who is Valdecy Urquiza?

Valdecy Urquiza is a seasoned police officer from Brazil with extensive experience in global policing and international law enforcement. Upon being elected, Urquiza expressed gratitude to the delegates of member countries for their trust and support. He emphasized his commitment to:

Promoting equality and diversity within the organization.
Strengthening international collaboration to ensure effective investigations and operations.
Implementing capacity-building initiatives tailored to address regional policing issues.

Urquiza’s election is seen as a step toward fostering inclusivity and innovation in Interpol’s operations.

Jurgen Stock’s Legacy

Jurgen Stock, who served as Secretary General for 10 years, played a crucial role in modernizing Interpol and enhancing its role in combating transnational crimes. His tenure was marked by significant advancements in:

The use of technology for global policing.
Strengthening frameworks for international police cooperation.

Stock’s leadership is widely acknowledged for its transformative impact on the organization.

92nd Interpol General Assembly in Glasgow

The Interpol General Assembly is an annual event where member countries convene to discuss critical global policing issues. This year, the event was attended by 1,000 delegates from Interpol’s 195 member countries.

India’s Representation

India was represented by:

Praveen Sood, Director of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
Vijayendra Bidari, Joint Director in the federal anti-corruption agency.

Their participation underscores India’s commitment to enhancing international police cooperation and addressing global security challenges.

Key Developments at the Assembly

Updated Repository of Practice (RoP):
Interpol published an updated Repository of Practice, which outlines guidelines for assessing requests for international police cooperation. This includes protocols for issuing notices and diffusions, ensuring transparency and compliance with international legal standards.
Focus Areas:
Discussions at the assembly revolved around enhancing global strategies to tackle:
- Cybercrime
- Transnational organized crime
- Human trafficking
- Terrorism

Significance of the Leadership Change

Global Policing Challenges

With increasing global security threats, Urquiza’s leadership is expected to:

Strengthen international collaboration among member countries.
Enhance Interpol’s ability to address emerging crimes, such as cybercrime and financial fraud.

Commitment to Regional Policing

Urquiza’s focus on capacity building reflects a commitment to providing region-specific solutions. By addressing local challenges, Interpol aims to bolster the effectiveness of its operations worldwide.

Summary of the News

Aspect	Details
Why in News	Valdecy Urquiza, a Brazilian Federal Police Commissioner, was elected as the new Secretary General of Interpol at the 92nd General Assembly in Glasgow.
Event Details	– 92nd Interpol General Assembly held in Glasgow, Scotland, from November 4 to 7, 2024.
Transition Date	Urquiza will assume office on November 7, 2024, succeeding Jurgen Stock, who served for 10 years.
About Interpol	– Full Name: International Criminal Police Organization.
	– Headquarters: Lyon, France.
	– Founded: 1923.
	– Member Countries: 195.
	– Mission: Facilitate international police cooperation and combat transnational crime.
Who is Valdecy Urquiza?	– A seasoned Brazilian police officer with expertise in global policing.
	– Focus on equality, diversity, international collaboration, and regional capacity building in Interpol operations.
Jurgen Stock’s Legacy	– Played a transformative role in modernizing Interpol.
	– Enhanced use of technology and frameworks for international cooperation during his tenure.
India’s Representation	– Represented by CBI Director Praveen Sood and Joint Director Vijayendra Bidari.
	– Demonstrates India’s commitment to international policing and addressing global security challenges.
Key Developments	– Updated Repository of Practice (RoP): Guidelines for assessing international police cooperation requests (notices and diffusions).
	– Focus Areas: Cybercrime, human trafficking, transnational organized crime, and terrorism.
Significance of Change	– Urquiza’s Vision: Strengthen collaboration, enhance Interpol’s response to global threats, and prioritize region-specific capacity-building initiatives.

Harbhajan & Sania Mirza Named Dubai Sports Council Ambassadors

The Dubai Sports Council has appointed four global sports icons as its Sports Ambassadors, including former Indian cricketer Harbhajan Singh and renowned tennis player Sania Mirza. This initiative aims to enhance Dubai’s reputation as a global sports destination and strengthen its sports ecosystem by attracting prestigious international events, nurturing local talent, and promoting sports tourism.

Appointment of Sports Ambassadors

Harbhajan Singh (Former Indian cricketer)
Sania Mirza (Former Indian tennis player)
Khabib Nurmagomedov (Russian UFC champion)
Patrice Evra (French footballer)

Announcement

The appointments were made in the presence of Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the Crown Prince of Dubai, and Chairman of the Executive Council of Dubai Sports Council.

Role of Sports Ambassadors

Promote Dubai as a premier sports destination globally.
Strengthen Dubai’s sports ecosystem through the attraction of international events.
Support local talent development and encourage sports tourism.

Profiles of the Sports Ambassadors

Patrice Evra (France)

Former professional footballer, known for his leadership as captain of the French national team and Manchester United.
Widely regarded as one of the best defenders in the football world.

Khabib Nurmagomedov (Russia)

Former UFC Lightweight Champion, holding the longest-reigning title in UFC history.
Considered one of the greatest mixed martial artists of all time.

Harbhajan Singh (India)

Former Indian cricketer, known for his off-spin bowling.
Scored 711 wickets in international cricket (417 in Test matches and 269 in One-Day Internationals).
Part of India’s T20 World Cup-winning team in 2007.
Last played for India in 2016.

Sania Mirza (India)

Greatest Indian female tennis player, with six Grand Slam doubles titles.
Ranked No.1 in WTA doubles rankings, the only Indian female player to achieve this.
Won mixed doubles titles at the 2009 Australian Open, 2012 French Open, and 2015 US Open.
Three-time Grand Slam women’s doubles champion, with wins at Wimbledon (2015), US Open (2015), and Australian Open (2016).

Significance of the Appointment

Strategic Initiative: The appointment of these sporting icons marks a strategic move to raise Dubai’s profile in global sports.
Enhancing Sports Legacy: These ambassadors will help establish Dubai as a hub for international sports events while promoting sports within the region.

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	Appointment of Sports Ambassadors by Dubai Sports Council
Announcement	Made in the presence of Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Crown Prince of Dubai and Chairman of the Executive Council of Dubai Sports Council.
Objective	Enhance Dubai’s reputation as a global sports destination, attract international events, nurture local talent, and promote sports tourism.
Sports Ambassadors	– Harbhajan Singh (India): Former cricketer, 711 international wickets, part of 2007 T20 World Cup-winning team. – Sania Mirza (India): Tennis star with six Grand Slam doubles titles, former World No. 1 in WTA doubles. – Khabib Nurmagomedov (Russia): Former UFC Lightweight Champion, longest title reign, one of the greatest mixed martial artists. – Patrice Evra (France): Former French national football team captain and Manchester United defender, regarded as one of the best defenders in football.
Role of Ambassadors	– Promote Dubai as a premier global sports destination. – Strengthen the local sports ecosystem by attracting prestigious international events. – Support the development of local talent and encourage sports tourism.

World Day for the Prevention of and Healing from Child Sexual Exploitation, Abuse, and Violence 2024

World Day for the Prevention of and Healing from Child Sexual Exploitation, Abuse, and Violence Observed on November 18, this day emphasizes raising awareness about the widespread and devastating issue of child sexual abuse and violence. It aims to promote global action to prevent abuse, provide healing, and uphold the rights and dignity of affected children.

Understanding Child Sexual Abuse

Child sexual abuse refers to any sexual activity involving a minor where consent cannot be given. It is an alarming issue, with one in nine girls and one in 20 boys globally experiencing abuse before the age of 18. A staggering 82% of victims are female.

Sexual abuse can take various forms, including physical contact, exposure to pornographic material, and exploitation through technology. Often, the perpetrators are trusted individuals within the child’s circle, making it more challenging to identify and report abuse.

The Impact of Child Sexual Abuse

Child sexual abuse leaves long-lasting scars, affecting victims’ mental, physical, and emotional health:

Psychological Effects: Victims often suffer from anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Behavioral Changes: Sleep disturbances, aggression, and academic decline are common.
Long-Term Consequences: Survivors face risks of self-harm, substance abuse, and interpersonal relationship challenges in adulthood.

Recognizing Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE)

Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE) involves manipulation or coercion of minors into sexual activities in exchange for items like gifts, money, or affection. A notable aspect of CSE is grooming, where abusers build trust with victims to facilitate exploitation.

CSE can occur physically or online, with perpetrators exploiting vulnerabilities and convincing children they are in consensual relationships, masking the abuse.

Global Statistics on Child Sexual Abuse

120 million females under 20 globally have experienced forced sexual contact.
In high and middle-income countries, 8-31% of girls and 3-17% of boys under 18 face sexual violence.
93% of abusers are known to the victim, with 34% being family members.

Sexual Violence Against Children in India

In India, child sexual abuse remains significantly under-reported due to societal stigma and lack of awareness.

2022 NCRB Report:
- 64,469 cases of child sexual abuse reported.
- 38,444 children raped.
- Only 3% conviction rate for CSA cases.
As of 2023, 243,237 CSA cases were pending in fast-track courts.

Legal Framework: The POCSO Act, 2012

The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 safeguards children under 18 from sexual assault, harassment, and pornography-related offenses.

Key Features:
- Gender-neutral and applies to all children below 18.
- Child-friendly processes for reporting and trials.
- Mandatory reporting of abuse cases.
Punishment:
- A minimum of three years of imprisonment, extendable to five years, along with a fine.

Implementation: As of October 2023, 758 Fast Track Special Courts (FTSCs), including 412 exclusive POCSO courts, were operational in India, with over 200,000 cases resolved.

Healing from Child Sexual Abuse

While recovery is challenging, it is not impossible. Survivors benefit significantly from:

Disclosure of Abuse: Early reporting reduces long-term psychological issues.
Supportive Caregivers: Consistent emotional support predicts resilience in children.
Therapy: Professional intervention addresses trauma and fosters healing.

Preventing Child Sexual Abuse

Prevention requires active involvement from parents, caregivers, and society:

Educate Children: Teach them about body safety, consent, and the difference between good and bad touch.
Open Communication: Encourage children to share experiences without fear of judgment or blame.
Monitor Trust: Avoid leaving children with individuals who are not fully trusted.
Empower Consent: Respect a child’s refusal to hug or engage with others physically.

The History of the World Day

The United Nations General Assembly recognized the severity of child sexual exploitation and abuse, declaring November 18 as a day of prevention and healing through Resolution A/RES/77/8 on November 7, 2022. This initiative acknowledges the urgent need for:

Global Awareness: Highlighting the extent of abuse and exploitation.
Actionable Solutions: Promoting effective measures to protect children and support survivors.

News Summary

Why in News	November 18 is observed as the World Day for the Prevention of and Healing from Child Sexual Exploitation, Abuse, and Violence, emphasizing awareness, prevention, and support for affected children.
Purpose	To raise global awareness about child sexual abuse, promote prevention strategies, and provide healing and support to survivors.
Definition	Child Sexual Abuse: Any sexual activity involving minors who cannot provide consent. Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE): Coercion or manipulation of minors into sexual activities in exchange for gifts, money, affection, or other benefits.
Global Statistics	– Victims: 1 in 9 girls and 1 in 20 boys experience abuse globally. – Female Victims: 82% of all victims under 18. – 120 million females under 20 have experienced forced sexual contact. – 93% of perpetrators are known to the victim.
Child Sexual Abuse in India	– 2022 NCRB Report: – 64,469 CSA cases reported. – 38,444 children raped. – Only 3% conviction rate. – 243,237 cases pending in fast-track courts as of 2023.
Legal Framework	POCSO Act, 2012: – Protects children under 18 from sexual offenses. – Gender-neutral law with child-friendly processes. – Punishment: 3-5 years imprisonment and fines. – Mandatory reporting of CSA cases.
Impact of Child Sexual Abuse	– Short-term: Anxiety, depression, PTSD, sleep disturbances, aggression. – Long-term: Risk of self-harm, substance abuse, and interpersonal challenges. – Survivors often struggle with emotional and psychological effects.
Prevention Strategies	– Educate children on body safety, consent, and good vs. bad touch. – Encourage open communication. – Avoid leaving children with untrusted individuals. – Respect children’s boundaries regarding physical contact.
Healing	– Early disclosure of abuse reduces long-term psychological impact. – Supportive caregivers and therapy aid in recovery and resilience.
History	Declared by the United Nations General Assembly through Resolution A/RES/77/8 on November 7, 2022, to address child sexual abuse and exploitation globally.

Top-10 Most Common Phobias in the World, Check the List

Phobias are strong, irrational fears of specific objects, places, or situations that can make life difficult. Millions of people around the world face these fears, which can cause anxiety and distress. In 2024, some phobias remain very common and continue to affect people’s daily activities and well-being. Here are the top 10 most common phobias.

What is Phobia?

A phobia is an intense and unreasonable fear of a specific object, situation, or activity. This fear goes beyond normal worry and can cause extreme anxiety, panic, or avoidance behavior. Phobias can affect daily life, making simple tasks difficult for those who experience them. They often need treatment or therapy to help manage or overcome.

Most Common Phobias in the World

The most common phobias in the world include fears of spiders, heights, flying, and enclosed spaces. Other common phobias are the fear of social situations, failure, or developing a disease. These phobias can cause extreme anxiety and affect daily life. Treatment like therapy or counseling can help individuals manage their fears and improve their well-being.

Top-10 Most Common Phobias in the World

Phobias are intense, irrational fears that can disrupt daily life. Some of the most common phobias worldwide include fears of spiders, heights, flying, and social situations. These phobias affect many people and often require treatment to manage.

Here is the list of top-10 most common phobias in the world:

Most Common Phobias in the World
S. No.	Phobias	Description
1.	Social Phobia	Fear of social interactions
2.	Trypophobia	Fear of circle clusters
3.	Atychiphobia	Fear of failure
4.	Thanatophobia	Fear of death
5.	Nosophobia	Fear of developing a disease
6.	Arachnophobia	Fear of Spiders
7.	Vehophobia	Fear of driving
8.	Claustrophobia	Fear of enclosed spaces
9.	Acrophobia	Fear of heights
10.	Aerophobia	Fear of flying

World Antimicrobial Resistance Awareness Week (WAAW), 18-24 November

World AMR Awareness Week (WAAW) is an annual global campaign observed from 18-24 November. Its primary objective is to raise awareness and understanding of AMR and encourage best practices to mitigate the emergence and spread of drug-resistant infections.

The campaign involves stakeholders from the One Health sectors, which include human health, animal health, plant health, and environmental health.

Theme for 2024: “Educate. Advocate. Act Now.”

The theme for WAAW 2024 emphasizes the urgent need for action. It was selected through a global online survey involving nearly 200 stakeholders from diverse sectors. The theme serves as a call to:

Educate the public and policymakers on the dangers of AMR.
Advocate for bold and tangible commitments from global leaders.
Act now to implement effective measures to combat AMR.

Understanding Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve over time, rendering antimicrobial agents like antibiotics and antivirals ineffective. This phenomenon makes infections increasingly challenging to treat, heightens the risk of disease spread, leads to severe illness, and raises the potential for death. AMR poses a significant global threat, impacting human health, animal health, food security, and the environment.

The Global Threat of AMR

Impact on Public Health

AMR threatens the effectiveness of existing treatments, making once-treatable infections difficult or impossible to cure.
Drug-resistant pathogens increase the burden of disease and mortality rates.

Socioeconomic Implications

AMR disrupts food production and places enormous pressure on healthcare systems.
The socioeconomic consequences include increased healthcare costs and reduced economic productivity.

Environmental Concerns

The overuse and misuse of antimicrobial agents in agriculture and animal husbandry contribute to AMR.
Environmental contamination with drug-resistant organisms poses risks to ecosystems.

Key Events for WAAW 2024

4th Global High-Level Ministerial Conference on AMR

Hosted by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, this conference will focus on implementing commitments outlined in the 2024 UNGA High-Level Meeting on AMR.
The conference aims to foster political leadership and financial accountability to address AMR on a global scale.

UNGA High-Level Meeting on AMR

This meeting highlights the need for coordinated global efforts to combat AMR through policy frameworks and financial investments.

A Global Action Plan on AMR

Adopted at the 68th World Health Assembly (2015)

The Global Action Plan on AMR outlines five strategic objectives, with a focus on:

Improving awareness and understanding of AMR through effective communication and education.
Promoting sustainable use of antimicrobial agents in healthcare, agriculture, and animal husbandry.
Investing in research for new treatments, diagnostics, and preventive measures.
Establishing a global surveillance system for monitoring antimicrobial use and resistance trends.

Why WAAW Matters in 2024

AMR continues to escalate as a global crisis, necessitating a comprehensive and coordinated response. In 2024, WAAW aims to:

Educate stakeholders, from the public to policymakers, on the dangers of AMR.
Advocate for increased accountability and commitment from leaders worldwide.
Act by implementing sustainable practices and investing in innovative solutions.

Summary of World AMR Awareness Week (WAAW) 2024

Aspect	Details
Event	World Antimicrobial Resistance Awareness Week (WAAW)
Dates	18-24 November
Primary Objective	Raise awareness and understanding of AMR and promote best practices to reduce drug resistance.
Theme (2024)	“Educate. Advocate. Act Now.”
Theme Goals	– Educate the public and policymakers on AMR. – Advocate for global commitments. – Act now to combat AMR.
Understanding AMR	– AMR occurs when microbes evolve to resist antimicrobial agents. – Makes infections harder to treat, increasing disease spread, severe illness, and death.
Impact of AMR	– Public Health: Reduces effectiveness of treatments; increases disease burden. – Socioeconomic: Disrupts food production; increases healthcare costs. – Environmental: Misuse in agriculture contributes to resistance.
Key Events (2024)	4th Global Ministerial Conference on AMR – Hosted by Saudi Arabia; focuses on policy commitments. UNGA High-Level Meeting on AMR – Encourages global cooperation and investment.
Global Action Plan (2015)	– Improve AMR awareness through education. – Promote sustainable antimicrobial use. – Invest in research for diagnostics and treatments. – Establish global surveillance systems.
Why WAAW Matters in 2024	– Educates stakeholders. – Advocates for accountability and bold commitments. – Calls for immediate, sustainable actions to address AMR.

India’s Hypersonic Missile Test A Leap in Defense Technology

India has successfully conducted the flight trial of its first long-range hypersonic missile, a significant achievement in the country’s defense capabilities. This development places India in an exclusive group of nations with the technology to deploy hypersonic weapons.

Key Points

Test Overview

Date: 16th November in Night
Location: Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha
Missile: Hypersonic missile developed by DRDO
Speed: Capable of traveling at speeds greater than Mach 5 (6,174 km/h)
Range: Greater than 1,500 km
Target Capability: Can hit both moving sea targets and static land targets

Hypersonic Technology

A hypersonic missile travels at speeds five times the speed of sound (Mach 5) or more.
Some versions can exceed Mach 15.
Hypersonic missiles are difficult to intercept due to their speed and maneuverability, making them a strategic asset.

Global Context

Countries with Hypersonic Technology

Russia and China are ahead in the development of hypersonic missiles.
The United States is actively working on hypersonic missile systems.
Other nations like France, Germany, Japan, Australia, Iran, and Israel are also pursuing hypersonic missile projects.

Indian Contribution

The missile was developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), primarily at the Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Missile Complex in Hyderabad.
The test demonstrated the missile’s successful flight data collection and accurate terminal maneuvers.

Defense Minister’s Statement

Rajnath Singh hailed the missile test as a “stupendous” achievement.
He emphasized that the success has placed India in the select group of countries with hypersonic missile technology.
He congratulated DRDO, the armed forces, and industry partners for their contribution to this historic achievement.

Significance

The missile’s successful test showcases India’s growing defense capabilities and strengthens its position in global military technology.
The missile’s ability to hit moving targets at sea and static objects on land further enhances India’s strategic military reach.

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	India successfully test-fired its first hypersonic missile, achieving a speed exceeding five times the speed of sound.
Test Location	Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha
Missile Type	Hypersonic missile developed by DRDO
Missile Speed	Mach 5 (6,174 km/h) or more
Range	Greater than 1,500 km
Target Capability	Can hit moving sea targets and static land targets
Hypersonic Tech	Missiles that travel at speeds greater than Mach 5; hard to intercept due to speed and maneuverability
Global Context	– Russia and China are ahead in hypersonic missile development – The U.S. is developing its own hypersonic missiles – Other countries: France, Germany, Japan, Australia, Iran, Israel
Development	Developed by DRDO at Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Missile Complex, Hyderabad
Significance	Strengthens India’s defense capabilities, enhances strategic military reach, and showcases advanced technology
Key Features	Successful flight trial, accurate terminal maneuvers, indigenously developed

Which District of Madhya Pradesh is Known as the Heart of India?

Madhya Pradesh, a state in central India, is known for its rich history, culture, and natural beauty. Among its many cities, one stands out as the “Heart of India” due to its central location and historical importance. This city is none other than Bhopal, the capital of Madhya Pradesh.

An Overview of Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh, meaning ‘Central Province,’ is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal, and the largest city is Indore. Other main cities include Jabalpur and Gwalior. It is India’s second-largest state by area and fifth by population, with over 72 million people. Madhya Pradesh shares borders with five neighboring states.

Administrative Divisions of Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh has 55 districts organized into 10 divisions. By now, it includes 55 district panchayats, 376 tehsils, 313 blocks (janpad panchayats), and 23,043 village panchayats. The state has 18 big city councils (Nagar Nigams), 100 town councils (Nagar Palikas), and 264 smaller town boards (Nagar Panchayats).

Largest and Smallest Districts of Madhya Pradesh

Chhindwara is the largest district in Madhya Pradesh, located in the Satpura Range and covering 11,815 square kilometers (3.85% of the state’s area). It is known for its culture and landscapes. Niwari is the smallest district, spanning only 1,318 square kilometers.

Bhopal, the capital of Madhya Pradesh, is part of the state known as the “Heart of India” due to its central location. The city blends old and modern architecture and is famous for its lakes and historical sites.

Why is Bhopal Known as the Heart of India?

Bhopal is often called the “Heart of India” because of its strategic location at the center of the country. This central position makes it an important place for connecting different parts of India. Bhopal’s location helps in promoting trade, travel, and cultural exchange across various regions of India.

Historical Significance of Bhopal

Bhopal has a long and rich history. The city was founded by King Bhoja in the 11th century, which is why it is sometimes referred to as Bhojpal. Over the years, Bhopal has seen the rule of different dynasties and has been influenced by both Hindu and Mughal cultures. The city is also famous for its royal Nawab era, which left a mark on its architecture and traditions.

Cultural Diversity of Bhopal

Bhopal is known for its unique blend of old and new cultures. On one side, you have the old city area with its traditional bazaars, mosques, and palaces that reflect its rich heritage. On the other side, the new city showcases modern infrastructure, shopping centers, and broad roads. This mix of the traditional and the modern gives Bhopal its unique charm.

Landmarks and Attractions of Bhopal

Bhopal is home to many attractions that showcase its history and beauty:

Taj-ul-Masajid: One of the largest mosques in India, known for its impressive architecture.
Bharat Bhavan: A multi-arts complex and museum that promotes Indian culture and art.
Upper and Lower Lakes: These lakes are a symbol of Bhopal and are popular for boating and picnics.

Important Days in November 2024, List of National and International

November, the eleventh or second last month of the year, brings a variety of important days and celebrations, each with its own meaning and purpose. These special days focus on themes such as health, education, culture, and social issues, providing opportunities to learn, reflect, and take action. From raising awareness about serious concerns like cancer and violence to celebrating children and promoting tolerance, November offers many chances to connect with important causes and traditions.

Important Days in November 2024

November 2024 has many important days that focus on health, culture, and global issues. The month includes events that highlight topics like health and education, celebrate cultural traditions, and remember important historical events. These special days help people think about important matters, encourage positive changes, and honor various causes, offering chances to connect with meaningful themes throughout the month.

Important Days in November 2024, List of National and International Days

November 2024, the eleventh month of the year, includes various important days that highlight health, culture, and historical events. These observances promote awareness, celebrate traditions, and encourage reflection on global issues, making the month significant for diverse causes and themes.

Here is the list of important days in November 2024:

Important Days in November 2024
Date	Important Days
November 1, 2024	International Day to End Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists 2024
November 1, 2024	National Unity Day 2024
November 5, 2024	World Tsunami Awareness Day
November 6, 2024	International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict
November 7, 2024	National Cancer Awareness Day
November 8, 2024	World Radiography Day
November 9, 2024	National Legal Services Day
November 9, 2024	Uttarakhand Foundation Day
November 9, 2024	World Adoption Day
November 10, 2024	World Science Day for Peace and Development
November 10, 2024	World Immunization Day
November 11-15, 2024	World Quality Week
November 11, 2024	National Education Day
November 12, 2024	World Pneumonia Day
November 13, 2024	World Kindness Day
November 14, 2024	Children’s Day
November 14, 2024	Jawaharlal Nehru Jayanti
November 14, 2024	World Usability Day
November 14, 2024	World Diabetes Day
November 15, 2024	Guru Nanak Dev’s Birth Anniversary
November 15, 2024	Jharkhand Foundation Day
November 15, 2024	Birsa Munda Jayanti
November 16, 2024	International Day for Tolerance
November 16, 2024	National Press Day
November 17, 2024	International Student’s Day
November 17, 2024	National Epilepsy Day
November 17, 2024	World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims
November 19, 2024	World Toilet Day
November 19, 2024	International Men’s Day
November 20, 2024	Universal Children’s Day
November 20, 2024	Africa Industrialization Day
November 20, 2024	World Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Day
November 21, 2024	World Television Day
November 21, 2024	World Hello Day
November 21, 2024	National Philosophy Day
November 23, 2024	Fibonacci Day
November 23, 2024	National Espresso Day
November 23, 2024	National Cashew Day
November 24, 2024	Lachit Diwas
November 24, 2024	Shaheed Diwas of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji
November 25, 2024	International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women
November 26, 2024	National Milk Day
November 26, 2024	Constitution Day of India
November 28, 2024	Red Planet Day
November 28, 2024	Thanksgiving Day
November 29, 2024	International Day of Solidarity with Palestine People
November 29, 2024	International Jaguar Day
November 29, 2024	Black Friday
November 30, 2024	Saint Andrew’s Day

November 1 – World Vegan Day

World Vegan Day is celebrated on November 1st each year. It promotes veganism, encouraging people to choose plant-based diets for health, animal rights, and environmental benefits.

November 1 – All Saints’ Day

All Saints’ Day, observed on November 1st, honors all saints and martyrs in Christianity. It is a day for remembering those who have died and celebrating their lives.

November 1- Karnataka Formation Day

Rajyotsava Day, celebrated on November 1st, marks the formation of Karnataka state in 1956. It honors the unification of Kannada-speaking regions and showcases the state’s rich culture.

November 1 – Haryana Day

Haryana Day is celebrated on November 1st each year. It commemorates the formation of Haryana state in 1966 and highlights its culture, history, and contributions to India.

November 2 – All Souls’ Day

All Souls’ Day, observed on November 2nd, is a day to remember and pray for the souls of the deceased. It is especially significant in Catholic tradition, honoring loved ones who have passed away.

November 2 – Govardhan Puja

Govardhan Puja, celebrated the day after Diwali, honors Lord Krishna’s lifting of Mount Govardhan. Devotees prepare special dishes and offer prayers to express gratitude and seek blessings.

November 2 – Parumala Perunnal

Parumala Perunnal is a Christian festival celebrated in Kerala on November 2nd. It honors Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara, highlighting his life, teachings, and contributions to the community.

November 3 – World Jellyfish Day

World Jellyfish Day, celebrated on November 3rd, raises awareness about jellyfish and their ecological importance. It highlights their role in marine ecosystems and encourages conservation efforts.

November 3 – World Sandwich Day

World Sandwich Day, celebrated on November 3rd, honors the beloved sandwich. It encourages people to enjoy different sandwich varieties and often promotes food-related charities and initiatives.

November 3 – Bhaidooj

Bhaidooj, celebrated after Diwali, honors the bond between brothers and sisters. Sisters pray for their brothers’ well-being, while brothers give gifts and promise to protect their sisters.

November 5 – World Tsunami Awareness Day

World Tsunami Awareness Day, observed on November 5th, promotes understanding of tsunami risks. It aims to educate people about preparedness and safety measures to reduce the impact of tsunamis.

November 5- Melbourne Cup Day

Melbourne Cup Day, held on the first Tuesday of November, is Australia’s famous horse racing event. It features a prestigious race and is celebrated with festivities, fashion, and gatherings.

November 6 – International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict

The International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict, observed on November 6th, raises awareness about protecting the environment during conflicts and promotes sustainable practices.

November 6 – National Nachos Day

National Nachos Day, celebrated on November 6th, honors the popular snack made of tortilla chips and toppings. It encourages people to enjoy creative nacho recipes and share with friends.

November 7 – Infant Protection Day

Infant Protection Day, observed on November 7th, focuses on ensuring the safety and well-being of infants. It raises awareness about infant health, safety measures, and the importance of nurturing care.

November 7 – National Cancer Awareness Day

National Cancer Awareness Day, observed on November 7th in India, aims to raise awareness about cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment options, encouraging people to prioritize their health.

November 7 – Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman Birthday

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman’s birthday, celebrated on November 7th, honors the renowned Indian physicist known for his discovery of the Raman Effect, which explores light scattering.

November 7 – Chhath Puja

Chhath Puja is a Hindu festival celebrated in honor of the Sun God. Devotees offer prayers, perform rituals, and fast to express gratitude for health and prosperity.

November 8 – L.K Advani’s Birthday

L.K. Advani’s birthday, celebrated on November 8th, honors the influential Indian politician and co-founder of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), known for his significant contributions to Indian politics.

November 8 – World Radiography Day

World Radiography Day, observed on November 8th, raises awareness about the importance of radiography in healthcare. It highlights the role of radiographers in diagnosing and treating patients effectively.

November 9 – National Legal Services Day

National Legal Services Day, celebrated on November 9th in India, promotes equal access to justice. It raises awareness about legal rights and services available to the underprivileged and marginalized.

November 9 – Uttarakhand Foundation Day

Uttarakhand Foundation Day, celebrated on November 9th, marks the formation of Uttarakhand as a separate state in 2000. It highlights the state’s culture, heritage, and development achievements.

November 9 – World Freedom Day

World Freedom Day, observed on November 9th, commemorates the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. It celebrates freedom, human rights, and the importance of democracy worldwide.

November 10 – World Science Day for Peace and Development

World Science Day for Peace and Development, celebrated on November 10th, emphasizes the role of science in promoting peace and sustainable development, encouraging international cooperation and awareness of scientific advancements.

November 10 – World Public Transport Day

World Public Transport Day, observed on November 10th, promotes the use of public transportation. It highlights its benefits for the environment, urban mobility, and reducing traffic congestion.

November 10 – World Immunization Day

World Immunization Day, celebrated on November 10th, raises awareness about the importance of vaccinations. It emphasizes their role in preventing diseases and protecting public health worldwide.

November 11 – National Education Day

National Education Day, observed on November 11th in India, honors the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. It promotes the importance of education and encourages efforts for educational development.

November 12 – World Pneumonia Day

World Pneumonia Day, observed on November 12th, raises awareness about pneumonia, its symptoms, and prevention. It aims to reduce pneumonia-related deaths, especially in children and vulnerable populations.

November 13 – World Kindness Day

World Kindness Day, celebrated on November 13th, promotes kindness and compassion globally. It encourages people to perform acts of kindness and spread positivity in their communities.

November 14 – Children’s Day

Children’s Day, celebrated on November 14th in India, honors the birth anniversary of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. It focuses on children’s rights, education, and overall well-being, promoting their happiness and development.

November 14 – Jawaharlal Nehru Jayanti

Jawaharlal Nehru Jayanti, celebrated on November 14th, honors the birth anniversary of India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. It highlights his contributions to the nation and his love for children.

November 14 – World Usability Day

World Usability Day, observed on the second Thursday of November, promotes the importance of user-friendly design. It encourages creating products and services that enhance user experience and accessibility.

November 15 – Guru Nanak Dev’s Birth Anniversary

Guru Nanak Dev’s Birth Anniversary, celebrated on Kartik Purnima, honors the founder of Sikhism. It commemorates his teachings of equality, compassion, and devotion to God.

November 15 – Jharkhand Foundation Day

Jharkhand Foundation Day, celebrated on November 15th, marks the formation of Jharkhand state in 2000. It highlights the state’s rich culture, heritage, and development achievements.

November 15 – Birsa Munda Jayanti

Birsa Munda Jayanti, celebrated on November 15th, honors the tribal leader and folk hero Birsa Munda. It commemorates his contributions to the Indian independence movement and tribal rights.

November 16 – International Day for Tolerance

The International Day for Tolerance, observed on November 16th, promotes respect, acceptance, and appreciation of diversity. It encourages efforts to prevent discrimination and foster peaceful coexistence among different communities.

November 16 – National Press Day

National Press Day, celebrated on November 16th in India, honors the press’s role in upholding democracy. It emphasizes the importance of a free and responsible media in informing the public.

November 17 – International Students Day

International Students Day, observed on November 17th, celebrates the contributions of students worldwide. It highlights their role in promoting education, social change, and advocating for human rights.

November 17 – National Epilepsy Day

National Epilepsy Day, observed on November 17th in India, raises awareness about epilepsy. It aims to educate people about the condition, promote understanding, and reduce stigma surrounding epilepsy.

November 17 – World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims

The World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims, observed on the third Sunday of November, honors those who have lost their lives in road accidents and promotes road safety awareness.

November 19 – World Toilet Day

World Toilet Day, celebrated on November 19th, raises awareness about sanitation issues globally. It aims to promote access to safe toilets and improve hygiene for better public health.

November 19 – International Men’s Day

International Men’s Day, observed on November 19th, celebrates men’s contributions to society. It raises awareness about men’s health, gender equality, and promotes positive male role models.

November 20 – Universal Children’s Day

Universal Children’s Day, celebrated on November 20th, promotes children’s rights and welfare worldwide. It encourages efforts to ensure every child has access to education, protection, and a better future.

November 20 – Africa Industrialization Day

Africa Industrialization Day, observed on November 20th, highlights the importance of industrial development in Africa. It aims to promote sustainable economic growth and enhance the continent’s industrial capabilities.

November 20 – World Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Day or World COPD Day

World COPD Day, observed on the third Wednesday of November, raises awareness about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It promotes education, prevention, and better management of this serious respiratory condition.

November 21 – World Television Day

World Television Day, celebrated on November 21st, acknowledges the impact of television on culture and communication. It promotes the importance of media in shaping public awareness and understanding.

November 21 – World Hello Day

World Hello Day, observed on November 21st, encourages people to greet ten others to promote peace and communication. It highlights the importance of friendly interactions in fostering understanding.

November 21 – National Philosophy Day

National Philosophy Day, celebrated on the third Thursday of November, promotes the study and practice of philosophy. It encourages discussions about critical thinking, ethics, and the meaning of life.

November 23 – Fibonacci Day

Fibonacci Day, celebrated on November 23rd (11/23), honors the famous Fibonacci sequence. It highlights the pattern found in nature, math, and art, starting with 1, 1, 2, 3.

November 23 – National Espresso Day

National Espresso Day, celebrated on November 23rd, honors the rich and strong coffee drink. It encourages people to enjoy a cup of espresso and appreciate its bold flavor.

November 23 – National Cashew Day

National Cashew Day, celebrated on November 23rd, highlights the delicious and nutritious nut. It encourages people to enjoy cashews as a snack or in various dishes.

November 24 – Lachit Diwas

Lachit Diwas, celebrated on November 24th, honors Lachit Borphukan, a brave Assamese general. It commemorates his victory against the Mughals in the Battle of Saraighat.

November 24 – Shaheedi Diwas of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji

Shaheedi Diwas of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji, observed on November 24th, honors the martyrdom of the Sikh Guru. He sacrificed his life to protect religious freedom and human rights.

November 25 – International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women

The International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women, observed on November 25th, raises awareness about violence against women and promotes efforts to end it globally.

November 26 – National Milk Day

National Milk Day, celebrated on November 26th in India, marks the birth anniversary of Dr. Verghese Kurien. It honors his contributions to the dairy industry and promotes milk consumption.

November 26 – Constitution Day of India

Constitution Day of India, observed on November 26th, celebrates the adoption of the Indian Constitution in 1949. It honors the values of justice, equality, and freedom in the nation.

November 28 – Red Planet Day

Red Planet Day, celebrated on November 28th, marks the launch of NASA’s Mariner 4 mission to Mars. It encourages learning about the “Red Planet” and space exploration.

November 28 – Thanksgiving Day

Thanksgiving Day, celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November in the U.S., is a holiday for giving thanks. Families gather to enjoy a festive meal, often featuring turkey.

November 29 – International Day of Solidarity with Palestinian People

The International Day of Solidarity with Palestinian People, observed on November 29th, promotes awareness of Palestinian rights and calls for a peaceful resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

November 29 – International Jaguar Day

International Jaguar Day, celebrated on November 29th, raises awareness about jaguar conservation. It highlights the importance of protecting their habitats and ensuring the survival of this majestic species.

November 29 – Black Friday

Black Friday, observed on the day after Thanksgiving in the U.S., marks the beginning of the holiday shopping season. Retailers offer significant discounts, attracting large crowds of shoppers.

November 30 – Saint Andrew’s Day

Saint Andrew’s Day, celebrated on November 30th, honors Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. It features festivities showcasing Scottish culture, including music, dance, and traditional foods.

SpaceX to Launch India’s Communication Satellite GSAT-20

India’s heavy communication satellite GSAT-20, weighing 4,700 kg, will be launched from Cape Canaveral, USA, by Elon Musk’s SpaceX on November 19, 2024. The satellite, developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), will provide essential communication services, including internet connectivity to remote areas. This marks a significant milestone in India’s space endeavors, as the satellite is too heavy for India’s own launch vehicle, the LVM-3 “Bahubali.”

Key Points

Launch Date and Location

Date: November 19, 2024
Location: Cape Canaveral, USA
Launch Vehicle: SpaceX Falcon-9 rocket

Satellite Specifications

Name: GSAT-20 (also called GSAT N-2)
Weight: 4,700 kg
Operational Life: Expected to remain operational for 14 years
Function: Provides vital communication services, including internet for remote regions of India

SpaceX’s Role

The satellite will be launched using SpaceX’s Falcon-9 rocket.
Falcon-9’s Capacity: Capable of launching payloads up to 8,300 kg to geostationary transfer orbit.

Reasons for Choosing SpaceX

GSAT-20 is too heavy for ISRO’s own LVM-3 (Bahubali) rocket.
Previous reliance on French company Arianespace was no longer viable, as Arianespace lacks operational rockets.
SpaceX provides a reliable and cost-effective option for launching such heavy satellites.

Significance

The GSAT-20 satellite will play a key role in strengthening India’s communication infrastructure.
This marks a shift in India’s satellite launch strategy, with increased reliance on SpaceX due to Arianespace’s unavailability.
The deal with SpaceX is seen as favorable, offering a cost-effective solution for launching heavy payloads.

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	Elon Musk’s SpaceX to launch India’s heavy communication satellite GSAT-20
Launch Date and Location	Date: November 19, 2024, Location: Cape Canaveral, USA, Launch Vehicle: SpaceX Falcon-9 rocket
Satellite Specifications	Name: GSAT-20 (GSAT N-2), Weight: 4,700 kg, Operational Life: 14 years, Provides communication services, including internet for remote areas
SpaceX’s Role	Falcon-9 rocket to launch GSAT-20, Falcon-9 capacity: 8,300 kg to geostationary transfer orbit
Reasons for Choosing SpaceX	GSAT-20 too heavy for ISRO’s LVM-3 (Bahubali), Previous reliance on Arianespace no longer viable, SpaceX provides reliable and cost-effective solution
Significance	Strengthens India’s communication infrastructure, marks shift towards increased reliance on SpaceX, favorable and cost-effective deal for heavy payload launches