Lucknow, which serves as the capital of Uttar Pradesh, is popularly considered as the “City of Nawabs” due to its great culture and heritage, architectural beauty, and social customs. However, the history of this city transcends the Nawabi period. It is believed that the city was known as Lakshmanpuri, named after Lakshman, the younger brother of Lord Rams.
The name of the city has changed and continuously evolved over many periods of Indian history to finally become Lucknow. Let’s understand the name of this historical city and its historical importance.
What Is The Original Name Of Lucknow?
The oldest known name of Lucknow is Lakshmanpuri (or Lakshmanavati).
According to the Hindu belief, Lord Rama, one of the important deities of Hinduism, presented the area where Gomati River flows to his younger brother Lakshman when Lord Rama returned to Ayodhya from the forest.
Later, Lakshman is believed to have established a city in the area which was called Lakshmanpuri, meaning ‘the city of Lakshman’.
Although the origin of the name is still unproven, it is an key component of the tradition of Lucknow.
History of Lucknow’s Name
Lucknow’s name has changed over time because of numerous dynasties and cultures affecting the area.
1. LakshmanpuriLakshmanavati
This was the earliest name of the city per the Rajayana tradition. This name is believed to be associated with the Lakshmana’s legendary creation of the city.
2. Lakhanpur/Lachhmanpur
By the 11th century, the name evolved into Lakhanpur or Lachhmanpur referring to Pronunciation changes in local language at the time.
3. Lakhnau
In the periods of the Delhi Sultanate and of the Mughal Empire, the influence of the Persian chefs brought about yet another transformation of the name so that it sounded like Lakhnau or Lakhnawati on by now.
The city was developing quickly into a prominent economic and political center.
4. Lucknow
One of the milestones of the city was in 1775 when Nawab Asaf-ud-Daula moved the capital of the Kingdom of Awadh from Faizabad to Lucknow.
During British colonization, the spelling of the name was changed to the one reasonably close to the way it sounds in English.
Importance of Lakshman Tila
Lakshman Tila is considered one of the oldest historical sites connected to the early beginnings of the city.
It is an ancient mound situated near the banks of the river Gomti.
Even though there is not much archaeological evidence about the mound, Lakshman Tila has maintained its historical and cultural significance over the years.
Lucknow During the Nawabi Period
In 1775, after the city became capital of Awadh under Nawab Asaf-ud-Daula, Lucknow started to prosper.
This city soon became well-known for,
Stunning architecture such as Bara Imambara and Rumi Darwaza
Classical music and Kathak dance
Literature and poetry in Urdu
Chikankari embroidery
Nawabi food and hospitality (Tehzeeb)
Due to this period, Lucknow emerged as a hub of culture, arts, and education.
What Makes Lucknow Known as the City of Nawabs?
The reason Lucknow is referred to as the “City of Nawabs” is because it was the capital of the Nawabs of Awadh who played a big role in developing the culture, architecture, and cuisine of Lucknow.
Important Details About Lucknow
Present Name: Lucknow
First Historical Name: Lakshmanpuri (Lakshmanavati)
The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has introduced the India’s first trial version of the monthly Index of Services Production (ISP). The index has been launched with base year 2024-25 and provides the initial monthly short-term measure of activities undertaken in the formal services industry in India. The index covers 19 sub-sectors and about 60% of India’s services economy and is expected to enhance economic monitoring, help make evidence-based policies, and provide timely information for the businesses and other stakeholders about the performance of the largest sector of the economy.
What is the Index of Service Production (ISP)?
The Index of Services Production (ISP) is a newly developed indicator by MoSPI, which measures monthly changes in the output of the formal services sector in India.
Like the Index of Industrial Production (IIP), which measures manufacturing, mining, and electricity output, the ISP measures short-term performance in key service industries.
The ISP was first introduced as a pilot index and currently covers 19 major service sub-sectors that account for almost 60% of India’s services sector.
The index takes 2024-25 as the base year.
Why Has India Introduced the ISP?
The services sector provides over 50% of the India’s Gross Value Added (GVA), making it important for the economic growth, jobs, and investment.
Up until now, India has not had a specific indicator to measure performance in this sector.
The ISP will be created to,
Provide timely information on the services sector.
Make India’s macroeconomic statistics stronger.
Help to measure the economy in the short-term.
Aid in evidence-based policymaking.
Help companies and analysts in better understanding the economy.
Findings From The First Monthly ISP Report
The first report that covers data for the month of April 2026 shows an impressive development of many industries belonging to the service sector.
Summary of Important Information
14 out of 19 sectors achieved doubled-digit year-on-year growth.
Almost all industries reported an increase, as well.
The report reflects the widespread growth of the formal services.
Highest Performing Industries
Sub-Sector Growth Rate in April 2026
Accommodation and Food Services 37.2%
Retail 30.8%
Administrative and Support Services 28.7%
Real Estate 27.7%
Telecommunication Services 22.8%
Many other sectors such as wholesale trade, banking, insurance, and IT services also showed the noticeable development.
Sectors Which Suffered Decrease
At the same time, although many sectors achieved positive results, two transport-related industries showed decrease in performance.
Air Transport: -13.9%
Rail Transport: -0.4%
These decreases contradict with the high growth of many other industries in the service sector.
How Is the Services Production Index Created?
The ISP was created by the MoSPI under the backing of Technical Advisory Committee on Index of Services Production (TAC-ISP) set up in May 2025.
The members of the committee are made up of representatives of,
Academic institutions
Industry associations
Government departments
Statistical experts
To enhance the accuracy and coverage of the index, multiple credible databases were considered.
Data Sources Used to Determine ISP
For the calculation of the index, MoSPI consolidated a number of official databases.
GST Data
It has been used for the,
Trade
Accommodation
Telecommunications
Real Estate
Information Technology (IT) Services
Administrative Records
For,
Railways
Air Transportation
Banking
Insurance
Survey-Based Data
Details taken from Annual Survey of the Incorporated Services Sector Enterprises (ASISSE) have also been used to further improve the quality of the index measurement.
The combination of multiple data sources improves its credibility and reliability.
Monthly Release Schedule
MoSPI has revealed its planning to publish the Services Production Index every month on the 29th.
The regular publishing of the data will help in,
Quicker evaluation of the situation in the economy.
More accurate decisions in the process of to creating policies.
Better preparations for business operations.
Timely conducting research on the economy.
At the beginning, the index will keep being published only on the experimental basis until the ministry gets feedback and broadens the scope of the coverage.
In the ongoing fiscal year, India’s tax revenues have performed significantly, with the net direct taxes reaching ₹6.51 trillion as of July 13, a year-on-year rise of 16.4%. It is evident from the latest figures released by the Income Tax Department that the increase in revenues came as a result of higher collections from companies as well as individual taxpayers, despite the government paying out significantly higher tax refunds. The current data also indicates the vibrant economy, improved compliance, and higher revenue receipts, painting a bright picture of the country’s fiscal position.
Net Direct Tax Collections Register Strong Growth
Despite of the larger payouts of refunds, the Income Tax Department has announced that net direct tax collections have reached ₹6.51 lakh crore, compared to ₹5.59 lakh crore for the same period last financial year.
Main highlights
Net Direct Tax collections: ₹6.51 lakh crore
Growth: 16.4% YoY
Collections in previous year: ₹5.59 lakh crore
There has been a sizeable jump in the corporate tax receipts.
Corporate Tax Collections
Corporate tax continues to be the largest component of total direct tax receipts.
Net Corporate Tax collections
FY 2026-27 (as on July 13): ₹2.40 lakh crore
FY 2025-26 (same period): ₹1.97 lakh crore
The rise indicates the return of good profitable corporate activity in various sectors of the economy.
Non-Corporate Tax Collections On The Rise
Non-corporate tax collections have also seen an upward spike.
Total Non-Corporate Tax Collections
This Year’s Figures: ₹3.85 lakh crore
Last Year’s Figures: ₹3.44 lakh crore
This segment is made up of taxes charged on account of the following entities
Individuals
Hindu Undivided Families (HUFs)
Partnership Firms
Associations of Persons (AoPs)
Bodies of Individuals (BoIs)
Municipal Authorities
Artificial juridical entities
The increase in numbers is attributed to the increase in persons being taxed and the improving compliance.
Strong Growth Recorded for Securities Transaction Tax (STT)
On the other hand, the collection from the securities transaction tax (STT) also experienced a surge in collection numbers.
The current year’s figures are reported as ₹26,429 crore, whereas the previous year’s collection was of ₹17,876 crore.
The increased figures can indicate increased activity in India’s securities and equity markets, as well as increased volume of tax collection.
However, the category of “Other Taxes” reported a minimal negative collection of ₹2.02 crore this time around, as opposed to it being ₹269.45 crore last year.
Gross Direct Taxes Cross Over ₹7.74 Lakh Crores
Gross Direct tax collections also show a remarkable growth before accounting for refunds.
Highlights of Gross Direct collections
Gross Direct Tax Collections: ₹7.74 lakh crore
Growth: 16.11% year-on-year
Last year’s Gross collection: ₹6.66 lakh crore
Gross Corporate Tax
Year: ₹3.35 lakh crore
Year before: ₹2.90 lakh crore
Gross Non-Corporate Tax
Year: ₹4.12 lakh crore
Year before: ₹3.58 lakh crore
The data shows improvement for both corporate and individual taxpayers.
Tax Refunds Increase By 15%
Tax refunds were also later issued by the government.
Tax Refunds
Total Refunds Issued: ₹1.22 lakh crore
Growth: 14.57%
Break up of Refunds
Corporate Tax ₹95,145 crore
Non-Corporate Tax ₹27,333 crore
What are the reasons for the surge?
The increase in direct taxes has been due to several contributing factors.
The FIFA World Cup 2026 semifinal clashes are starting and this stage creates excitement from fans all around the world. Teams like Spain, France, Argentina, and England are the final four semifinalists. In the first semifinal set to be played between France vs Spain, and 2nd between England vs Argentina on 15th and 16th July, 2026. Each of the teams is trying its best to book its berth in the final on 20th June, 2026. Here are all the details about the results, fixtures, and road to the final for the World Cup 2026.
In the first semi-final, Spain have eliminated the tournament’s hot favorite France by 2-0 and booked their place in the final after the 2010 World Cup victory.
Semi-Final 1: Spain Dominates France
France was one of the tournament’s favourites to reach the semi-final, having gone through the tournament without a single loss, but Spain fought hard and did not give France the man to counter-attack their opponents.
Luis de la Fuente’s (Spain Coach) team had good possession of the ball and played aggressively when needed, not allowing France to start any counter-attacks. Spain’s arrangers made sure their midfield and defensive players executed well with Marc and his partners.
Spain performed better throughout the match, created more opportunities, maintained a proper speed of the game, and rightly earned their participation in the World Cup final.
Match Highlights
Mikel Oyarzabal Scores First Goal
Spain found a way to score in the first half of the match.
The opportunity for Spain to score opened up thanks to the efforts of the Lamine Yamal, who forced the French defender Lucas Digne to commit a foul in the box.
Mikel Oyarzabal answered the call to take the penalty kick and went on to bury the ball into the net.
The goal awarded Spain for playing better than the opposition and put pressure on France.
Pedro Porro Makes It 2-0
Spain then doubled its advantage after the great play from Pedro Porro and Dani Olmo.
They executed a quick one-two pass that ended up with the Porro’s shot past the French goalkeeper Maignan.
Statistics of the Match
Spain’s dominance was clearly reflected in the statistics.
Final Score: Spain 2-0 France
Number of Big Chances: Spain 3, France 0
Expected Goals: Spain 1.63, France 0.3
Total Shots: 10 each
Corners: France 7, Spain fewer
Clean Sheet for Spain: Yes
Although both the two teams had the same number of shots on goal, Spain created far more goal-scoring opportunities and managed to control the France’s attack.
Spain Qualify for FIFA World Cup 2026 Final
After this triumph, Spain has moved on to the FIFA World Cup 2026 Final, where it will compete against the winner of the semi-final matchup between England and Argentina.
After winning the UEFA Euro championship and now making it to the final of the World Cup, Spain has established firmly their status as one of the best national teams in the world.
FIFA World Cup 2026 Semifinal Schedule & Results
Date
Time
Semi Final
Result of Match
Man of The Match
Venue
July 15, 2026
12:30 AM
France vs Spain
0-2
Pedro Porro
AT&T Stadium, Arlington, Texas
July 16, 2026
12:30 AM
England vs Switzerland
Mercedes-Benz Stadium, Atlanta
Teams qualifying for each semi final head to the final and compete for the World Cup on 20th July, 2026.
Bharat Tex 2026 Showcases India’s Global Textile Industry Ambitions
India will host Bharat Tex 2026, one of the world’s largest textile exhibitions, at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, from 14 to 17 July 2026. Organized by the Bharat Tex Trade Federation with support from the Ministry of Textiles, the event will showcase India’s complete textile value chain, including fibres, fabrics, apparel, fashion, technical textiles, and machinery. Inspired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s 5F Vision—Farm, Fibre, Factory, Fashion, and Foreign, the expo aims to boost trade, investment, innovation, and sustainability. More than 1,600 exhibitors, 7,000 global buyers, and 1.3 lakh visitors are expected to participate. The event will feature international delegations, business meetings, knowledge sessions, and investment discussions to strengthen India’s position as a global textile manufacturing and sourcing hub.
MeitY Releases Cybersecurity Report To Protect India’s Financial Sector
The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), along with CERT-In, CSIRT-Fin, and SISA, has released the Digital Threat Report 2025–26 to strengthen cybersecurity in India’s Banking, Financial Services and Insurance (BFSI) sector. The report highlights rapidly evolving cyber threats, noting that six of seven predictions from the previous edition have already materialized. It identifies AI asymmetry as a major risk, enabling attackers to launch sophisticated cyberattacks faster and at lower costs. The report warns of growing threats such as credential theft, social engineering, supply chain compromises, cloud exploitation, and AI-assisted attacks. It also introduces a Cyber Failure Anatomy Framework and recommends an 18-month roadmap focused on continuous monitoring, stronger security controls, collaboration, and proactive cyber resilience across India’s expanding digital financial ecosystem.
MeitY Launches NIDAR 2.0 To Boost Indigenous Drone Innovation
The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), in collaboration with the Drone Federation India (DFI), has launched NIDAR 2.0 for 2026–27 under the SwaYaan initiative to promote indigenous drone innovation. Announced on July 13, 2026, the competition offers a prize pool exceeding ₹65 lakh, along with startup incubation, internships, cloud credits, and software support. NIDAR 2.0 features two tracks: Drone Innovation, focusing on autonomous drones for disaster response, medical delivery, and GPS-denied navigation, and Component Innovation, aimed at developing indigenous flight controllers and drone electronics powered by India’s VEGA processor. The initiative supports Atmanirbhar Bharat by strengthening domestic semiconductor and drone technologies while encouraging students to build market-ready, next-generation unmanned aerial systems.
Government Renames Central Vista Area As Kartavya Bhawan Complex
The Government of India has officially renamed the Central Vista redevelopment area as the Kartavya Bhawan Area or Kartavya Bhawan Complex. Union Housing and Urban Affairs Minister Manohar Lal announced that the term “Central Vista” should no longer be used in official documents, with all ministries and departments directed to adopt the new name. The change aligns with the government’s efforts to replace colonial-era terminology with names reflecting India’s democratic values and public service. The Kartavya Bhawan Area will include Kartavya Bhawans, Kartavya Path, the upcoming Common Central Secretariat, and future government offices under the redevelopment project. The renaming follows the 2022 change from Rajpath to Kartavya Path and continues the broader effort to redefine the capital’s administrative identity.
State News
Submer Group Announces $2 Billion Semiconductor Investment In Madhya Pradesh
Spain-based Submer Group has announced a $2 billion investment in Madhya Pradesh’s semiconductor sector, marking a major boost to India’s technology and manufacturing ambitions. The announcement was made during the MP Tech Growth Conclave 3.0 in Bhopal on July 13, 2026. The project includes a semiconductor manufacturing facility and a 1-gigabyte data centre, which will serve as a production and export base for Submer’s advanced cooling technologies across Asian markets. The investment is expected to create nearly 5,000 direct jobs and strengthen India’s semiconductor ecosystem. Madhya Pradesh supported the project through quick land allocation of 15 acres in the Acharpura Industrial Area. The initiative aligns with India’s semiconductor mission by boosting domestic manufacturing, digital infrastructure, exports, and high-tech industrial development.
Chennai Completes Five Phases Of Secure Our City Safety Campaign
Tamil Nadu’s Secure Our City (SOC) Campaign has successfully completed all five phases in Chennai, expanding community-based surveillance to improve safety for women, children, senior citizens, and local residents. Led by Securecam India, the initiative provides free CCTV installations in residential areas, schools, and community spaces to strengthen neighborhood security. The final phases covered locations including Sathyavani Muthu Nagar, Karpagam Avenue, Semmanchery, Perumbakkam, Tambaram, Medavakkam, Ayyapakkam, Kundrathur, and Nandanpakkam. More than 800 homes in SM Nagar and around 600 households in Karpagam Avenue received surveillance systems. The campaign aims to prevent crime, improve emergency response, and encourage community participation in safety measures. By combining technology with public awareness, the initiative promotes safer urban environments and enhanced protection for vulnerable groups across Chennai.
Uttarakhand Opens First GI Products Gallery In Haldwani
Uttarakhand has inaugurated its first Geographical Indications (GI) Products Gallery at the Forest Training Academy in Haldwani, Nainital, showcasing more than 30 GI-tagged products from across the state. The gallery highlights Uttarakhand’s agricultural heritage, traditional handicrafts, indigenous food products, and cultural treasures while creating awareness about authentic regional products. Displays include Munsiyari White Rajma, Berinag Tea, Kumaon Chyura Oil, Almora Lakhori Chilli, Aipan Art, Ringal Bamboo Craft, Tamta Copperware, and Buransh Sharbat. The initiative aims to support farmers, artisans, and craftspeople by improving market access and preserving traditional knowledge. Officials stated that Uttarakhand achieved a major milestone in 2023 by receiving 18 GI tags in a single day, strengthening the state’s identity for unique regional products.
Ladakh Expands Autonomous Councils Across All Seven Districts
The Union Territory of Ladakh has decided to establish Autonomous Hill Development Councils (AHDCs) in all seven districts to strengthen local governance and promote decentralised development. The move, announced on July 13, 2026, follows the creation of five new districts—Nubra, Changthang, Sham, Zanskar, and Drass—in addition to Leh and Kargil. Earlier, only Leh and Kargil had elected Hill Councils. These councils will manage areas such as land administration, education, healthcare, tourism, infrastructure, taxation, and district development planning. Ladakh has also proposed a Union Territory-level institutional framework for better coordination among the councils, possibly under a customised Article 371 arrangement. The initiative aims to strengthen grassroots democracy, improve administrative efficiency, and ensure balanced regional growth across Ladakh’s diverse landscape.
Bihar Launches Subsidised Helicopter Tourism Service For Tourists
Bihar has launched the Mukhyamantri Bihar Heli-Tourism and Air Tourism Service Scheme 2026 to promote tourism and improve connectivity to major religious, historical, and eco-tourism destinations. Introduced on July 12, 2026, in Patna, the scheme is jointly implemented by the Tourism Department and Civil Aviation Department. The government will provide a subsidy of up to ₹15,422 per ticket to make helicopter travel more affordable. Services will begin from July 18, 2026, operating every Saturday and Sunday. The first phase will connect Patna with Rajgir, Valmikinagar, and Maa Mundeshwari Temple in Kaimur. Ticket fares range from ₹2,100 for a Patna joy ride to ₹6,000 for Patna-Kaimur travel. The initiative aims to boost tourism, enhance regional connectivity, and highlight Bihar’s cultural and natural heritage.
Gujarat’s Unjha Cumin And Fennel Receive Prestigious GI Tag Recognition
The Geographical Indications (GI) Registry has granted GI tags to Unjha cumin (jeera) and Unjha fennel (saunf), recognizing their unique origin and quality from Gujarat’s renowned spice trading hub, Unjha in Mehsana district. The certification was secured through the joint efforts of the Unjha APMC, Gujarat’s Department of Horticulture and Farmers’ Welfare, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, and EDII. The GI tag protects these spices from imitation, strengthens regional branding, and enhances consumer confidence in domestic and international markets. It is expected to boost exports, improve farmers’ incomes, and add value across the spice supply chain. Gujarat, India’s largest cumin-producing state and a leading fennel producer, further expands its portfolio of GI-certified agricultural products with this recognition.
International News
India Announces TRQ Allocation Process Under Oman CEPA Agreement
India has announced the Tariff Rate Quota (TRQ) allocation procedure under the India-Oman Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), which came into effect on June 1, 2026. Issued by the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT), the notification outlines the process for importers to access concessional tariffs on specified goods from Oman. Eligible products include dates, marble, copper weld wire, aluminium products, ethylene glycol, linear alkylbenzenes, LDPE, and other petrochemicals. Under the TRQ system, a fixed quantity of imports qualifies for reduced or zero customs duty, while imports beyond the quota attract normal tariffs. Importers must obtain a valid Certificate of Origin from Oman, and quotas will be allocated according to India’s financial year.
UN Urges Stronger AI Governance Amid Rapid Technology Growth Worldwide
The United Nations has released its first scientific report on artificial intelligence (AI), urging governments to strengthen AI governance as technological advancements outpace regulatory frameworks. Prepared by the Independent International Scientific Panel on AI, co-chaired by Yoshua Bengio and Maria Ressa, the report highlights AI’s growing capabilities, emerging risks, and the need for evidence-based policymaking. It examines seven key areas, including AI applications, economic impact, security, human rights, environmental concerns, and governance. The report also warns of a widening global “compute divide,” with the United States and China dominating AI infrastructure and model development. For India, it emphasizes the importance of expanding domestic AI computing capacity through initiatives like the IndiaAI Mission to ensure technological independence, innovation, and competitiveness in the global AI ecosystem.
Business News
Jio Platforms Appoints Pankaj Pawar As CEO Ahead Of IPO
Jio Platforms Ltd., the digital services arm of Reliance Industries, has appointed Pankaj Pawar as its new Chief Executive Officer (CEO), succeeding Kiran Thomas ahead of the company’s proposed initial public offering (IPO). The leadership change was disclosed in the Draft Red Herring Prospectus (DRHP) filed with SEBI. Pawar assumed the role on March 24, 2026, after Thomas stepped down a day earlier. A Reliance Group veteran since 2000, Pawar also serves as Managing Director of Reliance Jio Infocomm and brings over 30 years of telecom experience. The proposed IPO aims to raise around USD 4 billion (₹37,700 crore), potentially making it the largest IPO in Indian history, surpassing Hyundai Motor India’s 2024 public issue.
Online insurance marketplace Policybazaar has appointed veteran actor Amitabh Bachchan as its brand ambassador for a nationwide campaign promoting health and term insurance awareness. Announced on July 10, 2026, the initiative supports the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) vision of achieving “Insurance for All by 2047.” The campaign focuses on encouraging families to prioritize financial protection and secure themselves against unexpected health and life risks. Under the message “ParivaarSabsePehle”, Policybazaar aims to make insurance discussions more accessible across urban and rural India. Bachchan’s trusted public image will be used to highlight the importance of timely insurance decisions, financial planning, and protecting loved ones while strengthening India’s insurance penetration and financial inclusion goals.
Economy News
India’s Trade Deficit Widens Sharply To $30.43 Billion In June
India’s merchandise trade deficit widened to $30.43 billion in June 2026, marking a 59% year-on-year increase from $19.10 billion in June 2025 and rising from $28.21 billion in May 2026. Government data showed merchandise exports declined to $40.41 billion from $45.20 billion in May, while imports fell to $70.84 billion from $73.41 billion, but remained significantly higher than exports. The wider deficit was driven by high import costs for crude oil, machinery, electronics, industrial inputs, and precious metals, along with weaker export momentum and uncertain global demand. A sustained trade deficit could increase pressure on India’s current account, weaken the rupee, raise inflation risks, and reinforce the need to boost exports, manufacturing competitiveness, and trade agreements.
India Wholesale Inflation Climbs In June Driven By Food Prices
India’s wholesale price inflation (WPI) rose to 9.87% in June 2026 from 9.68% in May, according to the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, driven by higher prices of food products, mineral oils, basic metals, and chemicals. The Wholesale Price Index increased to 110.2 from 109.9. Retail inflation also edged up to 4.38%, while the Consumer Food Price Index rose to 5.32%, highlighting continued food price pressures. Inflation in primary articles climbed to 7.00%, with food articles at 5.49% and non-food articles at 11.07%. Although fuel and power inflation eased to 27.41% due to lower crude oil prices, manufacturing inflation remained steady at 7.48%, reflecting persistent cost pressures across industries and signaling continued inflation risks for the economy.
Awards News
India Wins Five Gold Medals At International Physics Olympiad 2026
India achieved a historic milestone at the 56th International Physics Olympiad (IPhO) 2026 as all five members of its team won gold medals, placing the country jointly at the top with China, Kazakhstan, Russia, South Korea, and Taiwan. Held in Bucaramanga, Colombia, the competition witnessed participation from 381 students representing 87 countries. The Indian gold medalists were Kanishk Jain, Riddhesh Anant Bendale, Rishit Garg, Shresth Suraiya, and Svarit Joshi. According to HBCSE, 2026 marked India’s 27th participation in IPhO, continuing a decade-long record where every Indian participant has secured either gold or silver medals. The team underwent intensive preparation through theoretical training, laboratory sessions, and orientation camps conducted by the HBCSE Physics Olympiad Cell, strengthening India’s global reputation in science education.
Books & Author News
Shubhanshu Shukla Releases Memoir On Journey To Space Exploration
Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla has released his memoir “The Second Orbit: Belief of a Man… Dreams of 1.4 Billion Hearts”, chronicling his journey from an Indian Air Force fighter pilot to an astronaut who participated in the historic Axiom-4 mission to the International Space Station (ISS). The book was unveiled by Air Chief Marshal Amar Preet Singh in New Delhi on the first anniversary of the mission launched on June 25, 2025. The memoir highlights Shukla’s astronaut selection, rigorous training, mission preparation, and experiences aboard the ISS while representing India. It aims to inspire young Indians to pursue STEM careers and contribute to the nation’s growing space ambitions. The title also honours India’s first astronaut, Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma, while reflecting the country’s future in human space exploration.
Schemes News
UP ODOP Scheme 2026 Boosts Traditional Industries And Artisans
The Uttar Pradesh One District One Product (ODOP) Scheme 2026 continues as a flagship initiative to promote traditional industries, artisans, and local entrepreneurs across the state’s 75 districts. Launched in 2018, the scheme identifies a unique district-specific product and provides financial and business support to strengthen local economies. Eligible beneficiaries can receive loans of up to ₹25 lakh at concessional interest rates, along with a 25% margin money subsidy, skill training, marketing assistance, and export support. The initiative promotes products like Varanasi silk sarees, Lucknow chikankari, Moradabad brassware, Kannauj perfume, and Bhadohi carpets. The scheme aims to preserve cultural heritage, generate employment, improve product quality, and expand market access. Applicants must be Uttar Pradesh residents and involved in ODOP-related businesses or crafts.
Delhi Renames Mahila Samriddhi Scheme As Lakshmi Yojana
The Delhi government has renamed its proposed women welfare scheme Mahila Samriddhi Yojana as Delhi Lakshmi Yojana ahead of its expected launch around Raksha Bandhan 2026. The scheme aims to provide eligible women from economically weaker sections with ₹2,500 monthly financial assistance through the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) system. The government has not yet announced the final eligibility criteria, registration process, or required documents. The renamed initiative will focus on improving women’s financial security and independence while ensuring transparent benefit delivery. Expected eligibility conditions may include Delhi residency, income limits, age requirements, and a bank account linked with DBT. The scheme originated from a pre-election promise and is among the Delhi government’s major welfare commitments for women.
Sports News
Heather Knight Announces Retirement from International Cricket
England women’s cricket captain and batting legend Heather Knight has announced her retirement from international cricket after the historic one-off Women’s Test against India at Lord’s. Ending a remarkable 16-year career, Knight leaves as one of England’s most successful players, with 320 international matches, 7,988 runs, and six centuries. She led England to the 2017 ICC Women’s Cricket World Cup title at Lord’s, creating a lasting legacy in the sport. Despite injury challenges, she continued to inspire with her leadership and determination. Knight will now move into cricket administration as General Manager of London Spirit in The Hundred, contributing to the future growth of women’s cricket.
India Wins Historic First Women’s Test At Lord’s Against England
India created history by defeating England by 270 runs in the first-ever women’s Test match at Lord’s Cricket Ground from 10 to 13 July 2026. Led by Harmanpreet Kaur, the Indian team delivered a dominant performance with both bat and ball to secure a landmark victory at the iconic venue. Yastika Bhatia became the first woman cricketer to score a Test century at Lord’s after making 113 runs, earning a place on the Batting Honours Board. Fast bowler Kranti Goud also made history with a five-wicket haul, becoming the first female bowler featured on the Lord’s Bowling Honours Board. The victory marked a major milestone for women’s cricket and highlighted India’s growing strength in the longest format.
The central government set to strengthen the local self-government in Ladakh has received positive response after the announcement of the establishment of Autonomous Hill Development Councils (AHDC) in each district of the Union Territory. This has revived the discussion which rising around Article 371 of the Indian Constitution which contains special provisions for different states and regions having distinct historical, cultural, geographical, and administrative issues. The proposal will allow the region to enjoy the local self-rule, while ensuring the presence of its distinctive identity.
What Is Article 371?
Article 371 has been a main topic of discourse in light of the news that the government of Ladakh has decided that the Autonomous Hill Development Councils will be extended to every district in the Union Territory.
As of now, the only places that have hill councils are Leh and Kargil. After this new proposal, Sham, Nubra, Changthang, Zanskar, and Drass, which are also the new districts, will have their own councils.
According to officials, these councils will work on a unique constitutional framework created from Article 371, which would allow for higher local participation in governing while also taking care of the interests of Ladakh.
What Is Article 371?
Article 371 is a constitutional provision that grants special safeguards to certain states and regions of India.
These safeguards recognize the fact that different parts of the nation have different characteristics such as,
Historical backgrounds
Cultural identities
Tribal traditions
Geographic conditions
Administrative needs
Economic challenges
In order to address these differences, the Constitution permits the special measures, through which the local interests are secured while the federalism is preserved.
Which States Enjoy Special Provisions Under Article 371?
Several states have been granted special constitutional protections through various clauses of Article 371, which include,
Maharashtra
Gujarat
Nagaland
Assam
Manipur
Andhra Pradesh
Telangana
Sikkim
Mizoram
Arunachal Pradesh
Goa
Karnataka (Hyderabad-Karnataka region)
Article 371 has different provisions for the different states, depending on historical arrangements, tribal traditions, administrative requirements, or needs for development in a region.
What Will be the Powers of Hill Councils Autonomous in Ladakh?
As per the proposal, the upcoming Autonomous Hill Development Councils will have significant powers related to district governance.
Some of the most significant of these powers are,
Land Administration
The councils will have powers related to issues such as ownership of land, allotment of land, and local land management, thus making sure that local interests are considered.
Employment
The councils will be responsible for recruiting and promoting local officials for local administrative positions.
Development Planning
All councils will come up with district development plans based on local needs.
Social Sectors
The councils will be responsible for many key sectors such as,
Health
Education
Tourism
Welfare schemes
Local infrastructure
This decentralized system aims to increase administrative efficiency, which will lead to more effective governance.
What is the Importance of Autonomous Hill Councils?
The establishment of hill councils is expected to improve the grassroots democracy by making decision-making closer to the people.
Instead of relying solely on the administration of the Union Territory, representatives of the district will be able to solve local problems more effectively.
Some of the main expected benefits includes,
Speedy implementation of development projects
Better preservation of local culture
Improved land management
Creation of more jobs for local people
Greater participation of the public in the running of the government
More even development of the region
It is also expected that district cooperation will be improved with the help of a Union Territory-level body.
How is This Proposal Different from Statehood?
Although Article 371 provides constitutional safeguards, it does not grant the statehood.
Ladakh will still be a Union Territory, but this provides for more autonomy in certain matters.
This solution is designed to combine administrative control at the national level and more involvement of the local population in decision-making processes.
Background: Why is there a Call for Constitutional Safeguards in Ladakh?
After the transition of Ladakh to a Union Territory in August 2019, several political parties and civil society groups have expressed their need for greater constitutional protections.
Their central demands are as follows,
Protection of the land rights
Reservation in employment
Preservation of tribal identity
Environmental protection
Protection of culture
More representation in democracy
One of the most active persons in this regard is environmentalist Sonam Wangchuk who has been raising his voice in favor of constitutional guarantees in Ladakh.
The representatives of both Leh Apex Body (LAB) and Kargil Democratic Alliance (KDA) have met with the officials of the Union government to negotiate an appropriate constitutional mechanism.
As India’s digital financial ecosystem continues to expand rapidly, cyber threats are becoming more sophisticated, faster, and increasingly difficult to detect day by day. To help the financial institutions to prepare for this evolving landscape, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), in collaboration with the CERT-In, CSIRT-Fin and cybersecurity firm SISA has released the 2nd edition of the Digital Threat Report 2025-26 for the Banking, Financial Services and Insurance (BFSI) sector and the digital payments ecosystem. This report highlights the emerging cyber risks, and the growing mpact of the artificial intelligence (AI) on cyberattacks and also provides an 18-month roadmap to enhance the India’s cyber resilience.
What Is the Digital Threat Report 2025-26?
The Digital Threat Report 2025-26 is a comprehensive cybersecurity assessment that is designed for the banks, financial institutions, payment service providers, regulators and cybersecurity professionals.
It evaluates the evolving cyber risks that are affecting the country’s BFSI sector and provides strategic recommendations to strengthen the digital trust and operational resilience.
The report combines the,
Digital Forensics and Incident Response (DFIR) research
Threat intelligence from CERT-In
Observations from CSIRT-Fin
Research on adversarial Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Analysis of emerging cyberattack trends
Reports primary objective is to help organizations to anticipate threats before they cause widespread disruption.
Key Findings of the Report
One of the report’s most significant observations is the rapid evolution of the cyber threats.
According to the report,
Six out of the seven predictions made in the previous edition have already materialized.
The time between the emergence of a cyber threat and its exploitation has reduced dramatically.
Threats which once took years to evolve are now becoming operational within just few weeks or months.
Also this shrinking timeline demands the continuous monitoring rather than periodic security assessments.
AI Asymmetry Emerges as a Major Cybersecurity Risk
The report identifies the AI asymmetry as one of the biggest cybersecurity challenges facing financial institutions.
What Is AI Asymmetry?
AI asymmetry refers to the that situation where cybercriminals can leverage the artificial intelligence to launch sophisticated attacks much faster and at lower costs than defenders can respond.
Activities that previously required the,
Specialized hacking teams
Significant financial resources
Weeks of preparation
can now be executed by relatively low-resource attackers using the AI-powered tools.
Cyber Threats Are Becoming Harder to Detect
The report also notes that modern cyberattacks often resembles the legitimate business activities, making them increasingly difficult to identify.
Instead of just traditional malware-based intrusions, attackers now exploits the,
Legitimate user sessions
Approved financial transactions
Trusted workflows
Valid user credentials
Cloud infrastructure
Software supply chains
As a result of this, organizations may not detect an attack until financial or operational damage has already occurred.
Common Cyber Threats Affecting the BFSI Sector
The report highlights the several attack methods which have become mainstream across the financial ecosystem.
Key Threats Are,
Social engineering attacks
Credential theft
Supply chain compromises
Cloud infrastructure exploitation
AI-assisted cyberattacks
Identity-based attacks
Business process manipulation
These attack vectors continue to evolve with the alongside digital banking and online payment technologies.
The Framework of Cyber Failure Anatomy
One of the main features of this year’s report will be the Cyber Failure Anatomy Framework which consists of 4 layers.
This framework allows to see cyber incidents as not isolated failures and to see how they come together and help criminals to conduct successful attacks.
Thanks to the framework, organizations can:
Identify their security gaps
Reveal systemic weak points
Allocate financial resources properly for cybersecurity
Develop the organization as a whole
Enhance risk management
18-Month Cybersecurity Roadmap
Apart from identifying threats, the report outlines the practical roadmap for improving cyber resilience over the next 18 months.
Recommended Priorities
Strengthen the foundational cybersecurity controls
Implement continuous risk assessments
Enhance real-time threat monitoring
Improve information sharing among institutions
Build resilient security architectures
Increase collaboration between regulators and industry
This roadmap also encourages organizations to move away from reactive cybersecurity practices toward proactive resilience.
Why this Report Matters for India’s Financial Sector
India’s BFSI ecosystem is becoming increasingly interconnected via,
Digital banking
Unified Payments Interface (UPI)
Mobile payments
Cloud infrastructure
FinTech innovations
Artificial Intelligence
While these technologies improves the customer experience and financial inclusion, they also expand the attack surface available to the cybercriminals.
As artificial intelligence (AI) is growing faster than before, but the ability to monitor and regulate it hasn’t been able to keep up. This revelation is contained in the first-ever preliminary report prepared by the Independent International Scientific Panel on the AI under the guidance of the United Nations Secretary-General, Mr. António Guterres. In this report, the United Nations calls on countries to set up the stronger governance structures for AI before technology gets ahead of oversight systems. This report also mentions several issues related to AI development, which will have significant implications for various countries including India.
What Is the UN’s First Scientific AI Report?
The report, which has been created by the Independent International Scientific Panel on AI that consists of 40 members, represents the first report from the United Nations that has been commissioned to provide a thorough scientific evaluation of the prospects and risks of the use of artificial intelligence.
The panel is co-chaired by the,
Yoshua Bengio, AI researcher who has received the Turing Award.
Maria Ressa, Journalist and Nobel Prize winner.
Instead of introducing the new laws and regulations, the report gives scientific proof so that the states could create sound AI policies. This report is the first of several subsequent reports that will come out, including one that is intended to be published next year.
Why Is the UN Urging for Fast Action?
One of the main messages of the report is that while AI technology is advancing rapidly, governments are finding it hard to keep up with regulation.
According to the Panel’s report.
Advanced AI technologies are getting more sophisticated by the day.
Independent AI systems can solve complicated problems with very little human guidance.
Knowledge of the dangers of AI advancement feels inadequate compared to current technological achievements.
Existing regulations are not sufficient enough.
The report also adds that waiting for scientific clarity in regulating AI could lead to real dangers before the relevant regulations are introduced.
Antonio Guterres, Secretary-General for the UN, claimed that governments are in strong need of assistance, as there is not enough reliable information to limit the impact of AI the technologies.
Seven Key Themes in the Report
The report evaluates the AI across the seven major areas,
Advances in AI Science
Applications Across Sectors
Economic Impact
Security and Environmental Concerns
Human Rights and Democracy
Cultural and Individual Well-being
Governance and Reliability
Understanding the Global “Compute Divide”
It is important to understand the issue of the computing on a worldwide scale based on the report presented above.
The current developments in AI can be impossible without the following,
High-performance computer resources
Advanced silicon-based chips
Huge data centers worldwide
There is an opinion that,
While in the USA up to 75% of the total amount of computing resources is used, in China only 15% of computing is effective. Other countries around the world have only a small part of computing, which is only 10%.
Moreover, it is reported that the USA produced about 59 remarkable models of AI systems, while in China only 35 systems were produced. Other countries produced only 13 systems together.
There are suggestions that countries that do not have enough infrastructure will remain consumers of AI systems produced in other countries.
Why the Report isCrucial for India
ThereporthascrucialimplicationsforIndia. India isin the processoflaunchingits IndiaAI Mission and constructingthenecessary AI computing infrastructure withinthecountry.
Thesemoves,accordingtotheUNpanel, are crucialinstrategicterms because nationsthatlack indigenous AI willhavetrouble,
Creating models ofAIthatmeet local languagechallenges.
Workingon development goalsatthenationallevel.
Maintaining technological independence.
Havingasayaboutfuture AI standards.
Thusexpansionofthe domestic computingpower will be vitalfor India ifitwants to fightforitsplaceas a global AI innovation hub insteadofbeingacountrythatrelies on foreign technologies.
The procedure for the allocating of Tariff Rate Quota (TRQ) allocations has been formally announced by the India under the India-Oman Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), which is another important move for the implementation of this trade agreement that came into effect on June 1st, 2026. The announcement from the DGFT includes the detailed procedure for applying for reduced tariffs for the certain categories of goods imported from Oman.
What is the India-Oman Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement?
The India-Oman CEPA is a free trade agreement that aims to provide the greater opportunities for bilateral trade, investment and economic cooperation.
According to the agreement, the goods traded between the two countries can be accessed under preferential terms with lower or null customs duties.
An important aspect of the agreement is that it introduces a system of Tariff Rate Quotas (TRQs) for specified products. Under the TRQ system, the specified volume of goods can be imported with lower or null customs duties, while the import of the goods above the quota will be subject to the regular tariff.
The recent notification by the DGFT contains the information regarding procedures followed in applying TRQ regime.
What Are Tariff Rate Quotas?
Tariff Rate Quota (TRQ) is a tool which is used in trade which allows the import of a limited volume of goods with lower or zero customs duty.
However, once the specified limit of the goods is exhausted, any further import will fall under normal duty rate.
TRQs allows the authorities in the countries to be able to protect the home producers while promoting trade liberalization.
Products Eligible for Tariff Concessions
The India-Oman CEPA has designed provisions for the tariff concessions on certain products imported from Oman subject to quotas.
Among the products are,
Dates
Marble and travertine blocks
Copper weld wire
Aluminium ingots
Aluminium billets
Aluminium wires
Ethylene glycol
Linear alkylbenzenes
Low density polyethylene (LDPE)
Some other petrochemical products
Imported products will now be subjected to decreased import tariffs subject to the quota limits.
Key Provisions of the DGFT Notification
The Directorate General of Foreign Trade has communicated the procedure for the allocation of Tariff Rate Quotas under the India-Oman CEPA.
Some of the important points included are,
CEPA will take effect from June 1st, 2026.
Qualified importers can get the benefit of concessional tariffs on products within the permissible quota.
The procedure of allocation should be followed during the imports.
A proper Certificate of Origin from the competent authority in Oman is required for customs clearance.
The quotas will be in accordance with the India’s Financial Year from April 1 to March 31.
The above rules are aimed at ensuring effective implementation of the agreement.
Requirement for Certificate of Origin
Importers can take the advantage of tariff benefits outlined in the CEPA agreement only if they provide a Certificate of Origin issued by a competent authority in Oman.
The certificate serves as the evidence that all relevant conditions are met and goods qualify for a lower tariff.
Without this document, importers won’t be able to benefit from reduced customs duty.
For Gujarat agriculture sector, Geographical Indication (GI) tag awarded to Unjha cumin (Jeera) and Unjha fennel (Saunf) by the Geographical Indications Registry. This recognition confirms that these two premium spice crops are products of Unjha, which is one of the biggest spice trading centers of India located in northern Gujarat. This GI certification is set to enhance the global identity of Gujarat spices, boost the export potential of the spice, improve income opportunities for farmers, and also provide protection from misinterpretation of these products.
GI Tag Granted to Unjha Cumin and Fennel
The Geographical Indication (GI) Registry has conferred GI status on Unjha cumin and Unjha fennel, which signifies the its distinctive quality and geographical location.
GI registration was done through the collaboration of,
Unjha Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC)
Department of Horticulture and Farmers’ Welfare, Government of Gujarat
Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University (SDAU)
Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (EDII)
This certification will protect the unique identity of these spices and ensures that only the products that come from Unjha region are sold under these names.
The Importance of GI Tag
A geospatial indicator (GI) is a form of intellectual property that is used to mark products that possess certain quality characteristics that are directly linked to a particular location.
For Unjha spices (cumin and fennel). the GI will,
Safeguard the products from imitations and misuse
Ensure authenticity both in domestic and international market
Increase consumer faith in certified origin
Strengthen the concept of regional branding
Boost export competitiveness
Stabilize the agricultural heritage of Gujarat
In addition, the recognition makes it easy to distinguish Unjha spices from similar spices produced in other areas.
Benefits for the Farmers
According to the state of Gujrat in India, GI, or geographical indication, products have better market prices than non-GI products.
The benefits are expected to be as follows,
Better prices for the farmers
More demand abroad
More branding potential
Increased value addition in the spice supply chain
More protection against counterfeit products
Better access to markets for authentic Unjha spices.
The GI certification would indeed help spice growers earn higher incomes and boost Agri economy in Gujarat.
What Makes Unjha Well Known for Spices?
Unjha is situated in the Mehsana district of northern Gujarat, and is known as one of Asia’s largest spice trade centers.
The main trade center of Unjha is the Unjha Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC), which is a significant trading center of,
Cumin (Jeera)
Fennel (Saunf)
Isabgol
Various other important seed spices
A lot of spices made in Gujarat and Rajasthan have their trade route through the Unjha market, making this place of great importance in the spice trade of India.
Gujarat’s Role in to Producing Spices
Gujarat is on top of the spice industry in India.
Cumin
Gujarat is the biggest cumin-producing state in India.
India is the best cumin-producing and exporting country in the world.
Gujarat makes a major contribution to the country in terms of production and export.
Fennel
Gujarat is among the top producers of fennel in India.
Fennel production takes place mainly in the following districts,
Mehsana
Patan
Banaskantha
Gandhinagar
Expanding list of GI Products in Gujarat
With the introduction of Unjha cumin and fennel, the list of GI certified products in Gujarat has been expanded further.
The important agricultural GI products from the state are,
Gir Kesar mango
Bhalia wheat
Kachchhi Kharek
Amalsadi Chikoo
Unjha cumin (jeera)
Unjha fennel (saunf)
These GI tags are important in promoting the identity of Gujarat agriculture at the national and international level.
