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Which District of Uttarakhand is Known a the School Capital of India?

Uttarakhand is a state in northern India known for its scenic beauty and rich cultural heritage. Among its many districts, Dehradun is famously known as the School Capital of India. This title reflects the district’s reputation for excellent educational institutions and a strong emphasis on learning.

An Overview of Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand, also called the “Northern Land,” is a state in northern India. It borders Himachal Pradesh, Tibet, Nepal, Uttar Pradesh, and Haryana. Covering 53,483 km², it has Dehradun as its capital and Nainital as the judicial capital. The state has 13 districts, 45.4% forest cover, and is home to the Ganges and Yamuna rivers.

Administrative Divisions of Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand has 13 districts, grouped into two divisions: Garhwal and Kumaon, for better administration. Each division represents the unique culture and geography of this northern Indian state.

School Capital of India

Dehradun, the capital of Uttarakhand, is famously known as the School Capital of India. This beautiful district is home to some of the best schools in the country, offering students a calm and healthy environment for learning. Over the years, Dehradun has gained a reputation for its high-quality education and well-established boarding schools.

Why is Dehradun Known as the School Capital of India?

Here are some reasons for why Dehradun, the capital of Uttarakhand earned the title of the “School Capital of India”:

  • Dehradun has a peaceful and healthy environment perfect for learning.
  • It offers some of the best schools with top-class education systems.
  • Many famous personalities studied in Dehradun’s boarding schools.
  • Schools focus on overall development with sports, arts, and life skills.
  • The city has a low cost of living and offers scholarships for students.
  • Dehradun is safe and has well-developed facilities for comfortable living.
  • Its natural beauty and pleasant climate support better learning and growth.

Indian Navy Day 2024: Honouring the Maritime Guardians of India

Indian Navy Day, observed annually on December 4, celebrates the valor, accomplishments, and unwavering dedication of the Indian Navy in safeguarding the nation’s maritime borders. It also commemorates the success of Operation Trident during the 1971 Indo-Pak War, a pivotal moment in India’s military history.

Significance of Indian Navy Day

Indian Navy Day is not merely a ceremonial observance; it is a tribute to the brave personnel of the Indian Navy who tirelessly defend the nation’s maritime sovereignty. The day acknowledges their sacrifices and celebrates their unparalleled skill in maintaining security across the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).

India’s coastline stretches over 7,500 kilometers, and its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) spans more than 2 million square kilometers. The Indian Navy ensures the protection of these vast maritime assets, fortifying India’s position as a major regional power.

History Behind Indian Navy Day

The origins of Navy Day trace back to Operation Trident, a daring naval offensive during the 1971 Indo-Pak War. On the night of December 4-5, 1971, under the leadership of Commodore Kasargod Pattanashetti Gopal Rao, the Indian Navy launched a missile attack on Pakistan’s Naval Headquarters in Karachi, crippling their maritime capabilities.

Key highlights of Operation Trident:

  • Use of missile boats: INS Veer, INS Nipat, and INS Nirghat.
  • Sinking of three Pakistani ships, including PNS Khaibar.
  • Minimal Indian casualties.
  • Significant damage to Pakistan’s naval infrastructure.

This operation marked the first use of missile boats in combat by the Indian Navy and remains a symbol of strategic excellence and bravery.

Indian Navy Day 2024 Theme: Strength Through Self-Reliance

The theme for Indian Navy Day 2024, “Strength and Capability through Innovation and Indigenization,” underscores the Navy’s commitment to achieving self-reliance in defense technologies. This focus on indigenization and innovation aligns with India’s broader vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India) and ensures enhanced maritime security and operational efficiency.

Role of the Indian Navy

The Indian Navy operates across a spectrum of missions, encompassing everything from military operations to humanitarian assistance. Its responsibilities can be categorized into four distinct roles:

1. Military Role

The Navy’s military function involves both offensive and defensive actions at sea. It uses maritime power to:

  • Safeguard territory, forces, and trade.
  • Conduct high-intensity warfare when necessary.
  • Achieve strategic military goals.

2. Diplomatic Role

Through naval diplomacy, the Indian Navy strengthens international relations by:

  • Building friendship bridges with allied nations.
  • Demonstrating strength to deter potential adversaries.
  • Supporting India’s foreign policy objectives through joint exercises and collaborations.

3. Constabulary Role

The constabulary role emphasizes maritime security and policing operations, including:

  • Countering low-intensity maritime threats.
  • Ensuring coastal security in collaboration with other agencies.
  • Maintaining law and order at sea.

4. Benign Role

The benign role involves non-violent operations such as:

  • Humanitarian assistance during natural disasters.
  • Conducting Search and Rescue (SAR) missions.
  • Supporting hydrographic surveys and other civilian maritime needs.

Technological Breakthroughs and Indigenization

The Indian Navy is at the forefront of innovation, embracing cutting-edge technologies to enhance its operational capabilities.

Swavlamban 2.0

The Navy’s Swavlamban 2.0 roadmap showcases its commitment to developing advanced defense technologies. This initiative builds upon its earlier successes, ensuring a seamless transition to indigenized defense systems.

Key Achievements

  1. SPRINT Initiative: Supports research and development for defense innovations.
  2. Naval Innovation and Indigenisation Organisation (NIIO): Facilitates collaboration with private industries to promote self-reliance.
  3. Technology Development Acceleration Cell: Drives technological advancements for naval applications.

During the Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav in 2022, the Navy pledged to develop 75 technologies, setting a benchmark for future endeavors.

Indian Navy’s Modern Capabilities

India boasts a powerful Navy with approximately 150 vessels, including 17 destroyers. These assets, combined with highly trained personnel, allow the Navy to perform its duties effectively across the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea, and beyond.

Indian Navy Day 2024: Summary Table

Aspect Details
Why in News? Indian Navy Day, observed on December 4, honors the bravery of the Navy, particularly the success of Operation Trident during the 1971 Indo-Pak War. The theme for 2024 is “Strength and Capability through Innovation and Indigenization”, emphasizing self-reliance and technological advancements.
Historical Significance Celebrates the Navy’s decisive victory in Operation Trident, where Indian missile boats, including INS Veer, INS Nipat, and INS Nirghat, attacked Pakistan’s Naval HQ in Karachi, sinking three ships and causing significant damage.
Key Roles of Navy 1. Military Role: Protecting maritime borders and engaging in high-intensity operations. 2. Diplomatic Role: Strengthening international ties and deterring adversaries. 3. Constabulary Role: Safeguarding maritime security and coastal policing. 4. Benign Role: Humanitarian aid, SAR, and disaster relief.
Theme for 2024 “Strength and Capability through Innovation and Indigenization”: Highlights the Navy’s focus on self-reliance and strengthening maritime security through advanced technologies.
Technological Innovations – Introduction of Swavlamban 2.0 for advanced defense technology development. – Key initiatives: SPRINT, Naval Innovation and Indigenisation Organisation (NIIO), and Technology Development Acceleration Cell. – Development of 75 technologies under Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav.
India’s Naval Strength Approximately 150 vessels (including 17 destroyers) safeguarding a coastline of 7,500 km and an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of over 2 million square kilometers.
Key Contributions – Defending the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. – Facilitating diplomatic cooperation and ensuring economic security. – Conducting humanitarian operations and fostering maritime safety.

 

International Day of Banks 2024: Date, History and Significance

The International Day of Banks, celebrated annually on December 4, highlights the crucial role that banks play in driving sustainable growth, improving living standards, and stabilizing economies. In India, despite enduring challenges like geopolitical tensions, the banking and financial sectors have demonstrated remarkable resilience and adaptability.

History and Significance

The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) officially designated December 4 as the International Day of Banks through resolution 74/245 on December 19, 2019. This resolution recognizes the pivotal contributions of multilateral development banks and international development institutions in financing sustainable development and sharing essential knowledge and expertise.

The day also emphasizes the indispensable role of domestic banking systems in Member States, particularly their ability to uplift living standards. According to the UN website, banks act as vital enablers for fostering economic stability and growth by ensuring access to financial resources and enhancing economic opportunities.

Banking Sector in India: A Beacon of Stability and Growth

The Indian banking sector has emerged as a cornerstone of economic resilience, showcasing strong performance indicators even amidst global uncertainties. The following factors have contributed to the sector’s success:

1. Enhanced Asset Quality

Indian banks have demonstrated a significant improvement in asset quality, attributed to:

  • Improved borrower selection processes.
  • More effective mechanisms for debt recovery.
  • Greater awareness of debt obligations among large borrowers.

2. Strengthened Governance and Transparency

The focus on qualitative aspects such as enhanced disclosures, robust codes of conduct, and transparent governance structures has strengthened the trust in India’s banking system.

3. Regulatory Support from RBI and the Government

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Government of India have implemented macro- and micro-prudential measures, ensuring the banking system’s stability. These measures include:

  • Increased risk absorption capacity.
  • Stringent capital and liquidity requirements.

This robust framework ensures that Indian banks remain resilient even during challenging economic cycles.

Role of the RBI in Strengthening Banking Systems

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has played a pivotal role in ensuring the stability and efficiency of the banking system. Established under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, its objectives include:

  • Regulating currency and reserves to maintain monetary stability.
  • Managing the credit system for the nation’s advantage.
  • Operating within a modern monetary policy framework to address the complexities of an evolving economy.

By consistently implementing innovative policies, the RBI has ensured that Indian banks remain prepared to navigate both domestic and international challenges.

Indian Capital Markets: A Reflection of Economic Strength

India’s capital markets have emerged as a global powerhouse, supported by a robust primary market. With a stock market capitalization-to-GDP ratio ranked fifth globally, India has positioned itself as a key player in global financial markets.

Impressive Fund Mobilisation in FY24

During Financial Year 2023-24 (FY24), the Indian primary market facilitated capital formation worth ₹10.9 lakh crore, marking a significant growth from ₹9.3 lakh crore in FY23. Key highlights include:

  • A 24.9% increase in equity-based fundraising.
  • A 12.1% rise in debt mobilization.
  • A staggering 513.6% growth in hybrid fundraising methods.

This robust capital formation underscores the confidence investors and stakeholders have in the Indian financial ecosystem.

Significance of Indian Banks in Global and Domestic Contexts

India’s banking system holds strategic importance in both domestic and international contexts.

  1. Maritime Financing and Trade Security: Banks play a pivotal role in securing India’s trade routes and boosting the economy’s global footprint.
  2. Economic Inclusivity: By funding sustainable projects and offering access to credit in rural and underserved regions, banks help bridge economic disparities.
  3. Crisis Management: Whether during financial crises or natural disasters, Indian banks have consistently proven their ability to safeguard national economic stability.

Key Takeaways

  • The International Day of Banks celebrates the transformative role of banking institutions in enabling sustainable development.
  • In India, asset quality improvements, governance reforms, and regulatory frameworks have strengthened the banking system’s resilience.
  • The RBI continues to lead the charge in enhancing monetary stability and financial inclusivity.
  • India’s capital markets and their strong performance in FY24 highlight the growing strength of the economy.

As we celebrate International Day of Banks 2024, the focus remains on acknowledging the banking sector’s contributions while envisioning a future where banks play an even greater role in driving inclusive and sustainable growth.

Summary of the News: International Day of Banks 2024

Category Details
Why in News The International Day of Banks, celebrated on December 4, recognizes the vital role of banks in sustainable growth, improving living standards, and economic stability.
History and Significance – Established by UNGA Resolution 74/245 on December 19, 2019. – Highlights contributions of multilateral development banks in financing sustainable development. – Recognizes the role of domestic banking systems in fostering economic growth and improving living standards.
Performance of Indian Banks – Improved asset quality due to better borrower selection, debt recovery, and awareness among borrowers. – Focus on governance with transparency, robust codes of conduct, and enhanced disclosures.
Regulatory Support – RBI and Government introduced macro- and micro-prudential measures. – Increased risk absorption and stringent capital/liquidity requirements ensure stability.
Role of RBI – Ensures monetary stability under the RBI Act, 1934. – Manages currency and credit systems for the nation’s advantage. – Implements a modern monetary policy framework for economic complexities.
Capital Market Strength – India’s stock market capitalization-to-GDP ratio ranks fifth globally. – Primary market capital formation reached ₹10.9 lakh crore in FY24 (up from ₹9.3 lakh crore in FY23). – Fundraising growth: Equity (+24.9%), Debt (+12.1%), and Hybrid (+513.6%).
Global and Domestic Importance – Maritime Financing: Secures trade routes and boosts the global footprint. – Economic Inclusivity: Funds rural/underserved projects and bridges economic disparities. – Crisis Management: Proves resilient during financial and natural crises.
Key Takeaways – Celebrates banks’ role in sustainable development. – Recognizes RBI’s role in financial stability and inclusivity. – Highlights India’s capital market strength and its growing global position.

 

SheSTEM 2024: Empowering Youth-Led Innovation for a Sustainable Future

Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) and the Swedish Embassy, in collaboration with Nordic partners like Innovation Norway, Innovation Centre Denmark, and Business Finland, successfully concluded SheSTEM 2024. This initiative, aimed at inspiring young innovators, celebrated the contributions of women in STEM fields and invited students from grades 6–12 across India to present innovative ideas on Battery Technology and Energy Storage (BEST) systems. The event was part of the India-Nordic BEST project, designed to foster sustainability through advancements in energy storage technologies.

Engagement with Youth and Innovation

The SheSTEM 2024 challenge encouraged students to create prototypes or concepts for energy storage solutions, submitted in a two-minute video format. Over 1,000 submissions were received, reflecting India’s youth’s creativity and problem-solving skills. These ideas showcased the future leaders of science, technology, and sustainability.

Collaboration for Global Impact

SheSTEM 2024 emphasized the power of collaboration in addressing global challenges. Swedish Ambassador to India, Jan Thesleff, highlighted the event’s role in inspiring the next generation of innovators, while Dr. Chintan Vaishnav, Mission Director of AIM, underscored the importance of involving students in solving pressing global issues like energy storage and sustainability.

A Platform for Future STEM Leaders

Beyond a competition, SheSTEM 2024 served as a platform for students to engage with critical STEM topics and contribute to global sustainability. AIM continues to support the development of young minds into future leaders, innovators, and creators, ensuring their active role in shaping a sustainable, technology-driven world.

AIM’s Role in Promoting Innovation

Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) remains committed to fostering a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship across India. With initiatives like SheSTEM 2024, AIM is playing a pivotal role in supporting young talent and advancing India’s innovation ecosystem.

Summary of the news

Why in News Key Points
SheSTEM 2024 concluded by Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) and Swedish Embassy 1. SheSTEM 2024 was organized by AIM, Swedish Embassy, and Nordic partners.
2. Focus of the challenge: Battery Technology and Energy Storage (BEST).
3. Students from grades 6-12 participated, with over 1,000 submissions.
4. SheSTEM is part of the India-Nordic BEST project for energy sustainability.
5. Nordic partners: Innovation Norway, Innovation Centre Denmark, Business Finland.
Key Institutions Involved 1. Atal Innovation Mission (AIM): Under NITI Aayog.
2. Embassy of Sweden: Partnered in organizing the event.
Notable Personalities 1. Jan Thesleff: Ambassador of Sweden to India.
2. Dr. Chintan Vaishnav: Mission Director, Atal Innovation Mission.
Key Objectives 1. Foster innovation in STEM fields, particularly energy and sustainability.
2. Encourage youth engagement in solving global challenges through STEM.
Outcome/Success 1. Successful engagement of young innovators in global sustainability.
Related Schemes and Initiatives 1. Atal Innovation Mission (AIM): Flagship initiative by the Government of India.
2. Aimed at promoting a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship across India.

Which Country is Known as the Land of Opportunities?

Many countries around the world are known by special titles that reflect their unique qualities, culture, or achievements. These titles highlight what makes each nation stand out in history, geography, or global contributions. In this article, we will know about the country which is known as the “Land of Opportunities.”

Land of Opportunities

The United States is famously called the “Land of Opportunities.” This nickname reflects the country’s belief in providing everyone with the chance to succeed, regardless of their background. Let’s explore why the United States earned this title.

Why is United States Known as the Land of Opportunities?

The United States is called the “Land of Opportunities” because it offers a chance for everyone to succeed, no matter their background. With a welcoming culture, belief in hard work, and world-class education, it inspires people to pursue their dreams. The idea of the “American Dream” reflects hope for a better future through determination.

A History of Opportunities

The United States’ history is closely tied to its image as a place for fresh starts and new possibilities. From early settlers to modern-day immigrants, people have come to the country in search of freedom, wealth, and better lives.

A Welcoming Culture

The United States is known for its welcoming ethos. It values diversity and encourages people from all over the world to contribute to its growth. This openness has helped it become a global leader in many fields.

Belief in Socioeconomic Mobility

The phrase “Land of Opportunities” symbolizes the idea that anyone in the United States can rise from poverty to prosperity. This belief in socioeconomic mobility is a key part of the American Dream.

Mahila Samman Savings Certificate: Empowering Women Financially

As of 31st October 2024, the Mahila Samman Savings Certificate (MSSC) scheme has achieved a significant milestone with over 43 lakh accounts opened. Launched on 31st March 2023 by the Government of India to commemorate the ‘Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav’, the scheme aims to provide financial security to women and minor girls, empowering them with a safe and attractive investment option. This initiative is part of the broader goal of enhancing financial inclusion and supporting the financial independence of women across the nation.

Key Features of the Scheme

Eligibility: Women or guardians of minor girls can open accounts.

Deposit Limits: A minimum of ₹1,000 and a maximum of ₹2 lakh.

Interest Rate: 7.5% per annum, compounded quarterly.

Tenure: Fixed for two years.

Flexibility: Partial withdrawals (up to 40% of the balance) and premature closure on compassionate grounds.

Application Process

Step-by-Step: Visit any Post Office or designated bank, complete the form, attach required documents, and submit the initial deposit to open an account. The account holder receives a certificate as proof of investment.

Premature Closure Conditions

Allowed in Specific Cases: The account can be prematurely closed on compassionate grounds such as medical emergencies or the death of the account holder.

Interest Adjustment: If the account is closed prematurely after six months, the interest rate will be reduced by 2%.

Summery of the news

Why in News Key Points
Mahila Samman Savings Certificate Scheme (MSSC) Launched on 31st March 2023 to promote financial independence for women and minor girls, part of ‘Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav’.
Accounts Opened 43,30,121 accounts opened under MSSC till 31st October 2024.
Interest Rate 7.5% per annum, compounded quarterly.
Deposit Limits Minimum: ₹1,000; Maximum: ₹2 lakh.
Tenure Fixed for two years.
Premature Closure Conditions Allowed in case of medical emergencies or death of the account holder. Interest reduced by 2% if closed after 6 months.
Partial Withdrawal Up to 40% of the eligible balance can be withdrawn.
Application Process Accounts can be opened in Post Offices or designated banks before 31st March 2025.
Eligibility Account can be opened by a woman for herself or by a guardian for a minor girl.
Scheme Objective Promote financial security and independence of women and minor girls.

Kirti Vardhan Singh Launches Nano Bubble Tech to Purify Delhi Zoo Pond Water

Union Minister of State for Environment, Forest, and Climate Change, Kirti Vardhan Singh, inaugurated a 15-day trial of Nano Bubble Technology at the National Zoological Park in Delhi on Tuesday. This initiative is aimed at improving the water quality in the zoo’s ponds to benefit aquatic animals by removing algae, foul odors, and discoloration often caused by polluted water. The success of this trial could lead to the broader implementation of the technology to ensure cleaner, healthier water for the animals.

Technology for Cleaner Water

Nano Bubble Technology uses microscopic bubbles to purify water, removing algae and organic growth. The primary aim is to ensure the health and visibility of aquatic creatures in the zoo’s ponds, including gharials and marsh crocodiles. The zoo’s four ponds, which are often affected by water contamination, will be tested during the 15-day trial.

Impact on Aquatic Animals’ Health

The new technology is designed to prevent water pollution that typically leads to foul smells and algae buildup. Cleaner water will not only improve the health and well-being of the animals but also make them more visible to visitors, enhancing the zoo experience. The zoo director emphasized the importance of maintaining clear water for the safety and observation of the animals.

Future Prospects

If successful, the technology could be implemented more widely across the zoo, providing long-term benefits for both the animals and the environment. The trial’s outcome will determine the potential for scaling up this innovative water purification system in other parts of the zoo.

Summary of the news

Why in News Key Points
Union Minister Kirti Vardhan Singh launched a 15-day trial of Nano Bubble Technology at Delhi Zoo for cleaning and purifying pond water. – Nano Bubble Technology used for cleaning zoo pond water.
– Trial launched by Union Minister Kirti Vardhan Singh.
– Technology aimed at improving health of aquatic animals in zoo ponds.
– Technology cleans water by removing algae, foul smell, and discoloration.
Union Minister: Kirti Vardhan Singh – Union Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
Zoo Name: National Zoological Park, Delhi – Located in Delhi, India.
– Home to various aquatic species, including gharials and marsh crocodiles.
Technology Duration: 15-day trial – Trial period to test Nano Bubble Technology for effectiveness.
– If successful, will be implemented on a larger scale.
Zoo’s Aquatic Species: Gharials, Marsh Crocodiles – Present in the zoo’s ponds where the technology is being tested.
Zoo Director: Sanjeet Kumar – Director of the National Zoological Park, Delhi.
– Oversaw the trial of the technology.
Technology’s Purpose: To maintain cleaner water for animals’ health and visibility. – Water purification to prevent algae buildup, odors, and murkiness.
– Enhances animal visibility for visitors when submerged.

India’s Tiger Population Doubles Since 2006, Reaches 3,682 in 2022

India’s tiger population has grown remarkably, reaching 3,682 in 2022 from 1,411 in 2006, doubling in just over 15 years. The rise reflects a significant annual increase of 6% in consistently monitored areas, with numbers rising from 2,967 in 2018. This achievement has been driven by focused conservation efforts under Project Tiger and measures implemented by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), the Parliament was informed.

Regional Tiger Population Trends

Central Indian and Eastern Ghats Landscapes: Increased from 1,033 in 2018 to 1,439 in 2022, including significant growth in Madhya Pradesh (526 to 785) and Maharashtra (312 to 444). However, declines were noted in Odisha, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, and Jharkhand.

Shivalik-Gangetic Plains: Numbers rose from 646 to 819, with Uttarakhand contributing 442 to 560.

Sundarbans: Marginal growth, with numbers rising from 88 to 101.

Northeastern Decline: Arunachal Pradesh witnessed a drop from 29 to 9 tigers.

Conservation Strategies

The NTCA’s initiatives include:

  1. Material and Logistical Support: Enhancing capacity and infrastructure in tiger reserves.
  2. Restricting Habitat Interventions: Limiting activities in core areas to balance tiger carrying capacity and reduce human-wildlife conflict.
  3. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs): Issued for managing dispersing tigers, livestock conflicts, and relocation to low-density areas to ensure sustainable habitats.

Project Tiger and Legislative Backing

Under Project Tiger, funds are allocated based on Tiger Conservation Plans (TCPs), mandated by the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. These plans guide habitat improvements, dispersal facilitation, and man-animal conflict minimization.

National Animal Status

Tigers, designated as India’s National Animal, are listed under Schedule-I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, ensuring the highest degree of protection. Their critical habitats have been declared as Protected Areas, emphasizing the nation’s commitment to their conservation.

Summary of the news

Why in News Key Points
India’s Tiger Population Growth – India’s tiger population reached 3,682 in 2022. (Up from 1,411 in 2006)
– 6% annual increase in consistently monitored areas.
– Growth due to Project Tiger and National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) efforts.
National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) – Focus on material support, restricting habitat interventions, and SOPs for tiger management.
Project Tiger – Government initiative for tiger conservation since 1973.
– Funding supports infrastructure, capacity building, and tiger reserves.
Key Regions for Tiger Population Growth – Central Indian Landscape and Eastern Ghats: 1,033 to 1,439 (2018-2022).
– Shivalik-Gangetic Plains: 646 to 819 (2018-2022).
– Sundarbans: 88 to 101 (2018-2022).
Key States – Madhya Pradesh: 526 to 785 (2018-2022).
– Maharashtra: 312 to 444 (2018-2022).
Declines in Tiger Population – Odisha, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand: Declines in tiger numbers.
– Arunachal Pradesh: 29 to 9 tigers (2018-2022).
Legislative Actions – Tiger is the National Animal of India.
– Peacock is the National Bird of India.
– Both are under Schedule-I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

Which State/ Union Territory is Known as the Broken Moon Land?

Indian states and union territories are known for their unique identities and characteristics, earning them special nicknames that highlight their culture, geography, or resources. These nicknames reflect the rich diversity and beauty of India, making each region distinct and memorable. In this article, we will know about the union territory of India which is known as the “Broken Moon Land.”

Indian States and Union Territories

India has 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its unique culture, traditions, and governance. States have their own governments, while union territories are directly managed by the central government. Together, they showcase India’s diversity in languages, landscapes, and lifestyles.

Broken Moon Land

Ladakh, a beautiful Union Territory in the northernmost part of India, is called the “Broken Moon Land.” Located in the Himalayas, Ladakh is famous for its stunning landscapes, rich culture, and unique terrain.

Why is Ladakh Known as the Broken Moon Land?

Ladakh is called the “Broken Moon Land” because of its unique, barren landscapes that resemble the surface of the moon. Its rugged, high-altitude terrain, sparse vegetation, and dramatic valleys give it a surreal, otherworldly appearance, especially in places like Lamayuru, known as the “Moonland of India.”

Unique Landscape of Ladakh

Ladakh is known for its high-altitude plains, deep valleys, and rugged mountains. Its barren lands have sparse vegetation, giving it a surreal look. The village of Lamayuru is especially famous for its moon-like terrain, earning it the nickname “Moonland of India.” This unique geography makes Ladakh a dream destination for travelers.

Ladakh’s Rich Buddhist Culture

Ladakh is deeply influenced by Buddhist culture. It is home to many ancient monasteries, known as gompas, which are perched on mountain peaks. The most famous gompa is Hemis Monastery, built in the 17th century. It is the largest and most important monastery in Ladakh, attracting visitors from all over the world, especially during the colorful Hemis Festival.

Government Ends Windfall Tax on Crude Oil and Petroleum Exports

The Indian government has abolished the windfall tax on crude petroleum oil, petrol, diesel, and Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF), effective November 2, 2024. Additionally, the Road and Infrastructure Cess on the export of petrol and diesel has been scrapped. Initially imposed on July 1, 2022, to curb abnormal profits by oil companies during the Russia-Ukraine war, the tax aimed to stabilize domestic supplies and fund welfare programs. However, its removal follows a review by the PMO, Revenue Department, and Petroleum Ministry, citing stabilizing crude prices and reduced revenue from the tax.

Imposition of the Windfall Tax

Purpose: Introduced to counter oil companies’ excessive profits from selling refined petroleum products internationally during a global price surge.

Impact on Domestic Market: Discouraged exports to ensure domestic supply and control prices.

Revenue Utilization: The tax revenue funded government welfare schemes.

Reasons for Scrapping the Tax

Stabilized Prices: Crude oil prices in the international market have stabilized, reducing the likelihood of abnormal profits.

Declining Revenue: Collection from the windfall tax dropped from ₹25,000 crore in 2022-23 to ₹6,000 crore in 2024-25.

Industry Opposition: Domestic producers like ONGC and Reliance Industries argued that the tax hindered profitability and discouraged production.

Investor Concerns: It created uncertainty for both domestic and foreign investors in the petroleum sector.

Understanding Windfall Tax

Definition: A special tax on companies gaining excessive profits due to sudden price spikes.

Relevance in India: Applied to companies whose earnings surged due to the global linkage of domestic crude oil prices with international rates.

Summary of the news

Key Point Details
Why in News The Government of India abolished the windfall tax on crude oil, petrol, diesel, and ATF on November 2, 2024.
Windfall Tax Imposition Introduced on July 1, 2022, during the Russia-Ukraine war to curb abnormal profits of oil companies.
Reason for Removal Stabilized global crude oil prices, declining revenue (₹25,000 crore in 2022-23 to ₹6,000 crore in 2024-25), and industry opposition.
Purpose of Tax Discouraged exports of petroleum products, ensured domestic supply, and funded welfare programs.
Revenue Mechanism Tax rates reviewed every 15 days based on international crude oil prices.
Domestic Producers Affected ONGC, Oil India Limited, Vedanta Limited, and exporters like Reliance Industries Limited.
Definition of Windfall Tax A special tax on companies earning abnormal profits due to sudden price spikes.

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