ISRO Successfully Tests CE20 Cryogenic Engine

On December 12, 2024, ISRO successfully completed a critical milestone with the sea-level hot test of its CE20 cryogenic engine at the ISRO Propulsion Complex in Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu. This test, conducted on November 29, 2024, was a crucial step for upcoming space missions and demonstrated the engine’s restart-enabling systems under ambient conditions. The CE20 cryogenic engine, developed indigenously by ISRO, plays a vital role in enhancing India’s space exploration capabilities.

Challenges and Innovations in Testing

Testing cryogenic engines at sea level is traditionally challenging due to the high area ratio nozzle with an exit pressure of about 50 mbar. The CE20 engine’s testing at sea level involved overcoming issues like flow separation, which could lead to severe vibrations and mechanical damage. To mitigate these issues, ISRO incorporated an innovative Nozzle Protection System, which not only solved these challenges but also reduced the complexity of the test procedure. The successful demonstration of the multi-element igniter, which is essential for engine restart, was another significant achievement in this test.

Significance for India’s Space Missions

The CE20 cryogenic engine significantly boosts India’s space program by enhancing the thrust and efficiency of rockets, enabling the launch of heavier payloads. This achievement positions ISRO among the few countries—along with the US, France, Russia, China, and Japan—that have developed indigenous cryogenic engines. With a thrust level of 19 tonnes, the CE20 has already powered several successful missions, including Chandrayaan-3, and is being upgraded to a thrust level of 22 tonnes for future missions like Gaganyaan. This progression strengthens India’s self-reliance in space technology and contributes to future missions such as interplanetary exploration and satellite launches.

Future Prospects

This test marks a major advancement in cryogenic propulsion technologies, further bolstering ISRO’s capabilities for future space endeavors. The successful demonstration of the CE20’s multi-element igniter and restart-enabling systems sets the stage for enhanced payload capacities in the upcoming LVM3 launches and Gaganyaan missions. With this achievement, ISRO continues to solidify its position as a leader in space exploration, positioning India for more ambitious space missions in the years ahead.

Summary of the news