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States and Capitals – How Many States in India?

India, a vast South Asian nation and the world’s seventh-largest by land area, is divided into 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its own capital. These states and territories are further segmented into districts. New Delhi, situated in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, serves as India’s administrative, political, and cultural hub.

The states and capitals of India weave a rich and diverse tapestry, reflecting the country’s deep cultural heritage, traditions, and innovations. Exploring these regions offers a fascinating journey through time, blending ancient legacies with modern advancements, tradition with contemporary influence, and showcasing India’s remarkable unity in diversity.

States and Capitals

In 1956, India reorganized its states according to linguistic demographics. Today, the country consists of 28 states and 8 Union Territories, home to nearly 400 cities. Among these, eight major metropolitan cities—Kolkata, Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, and Pune—are prominent. The Prime Minister has introduced a plan to develop 100 smart cities across the nation, with Indore being recognized as the Smart City for four consecutive years. Discover India’s dynamic urban landscape and its focus on modernization.

How many states in India?

India is the 7th largest country in the world by land area and the 2nd most populated. The country is divided into states and union territories so that the government can function properly. Below is a list of all 28 states, their capitals and the year they were formed.

S.NO State Capital CM Governor
1 Andhra Pradesh Amaravati Sri Nara Chandrababu Naidu S. Abdul Nazer
2 Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar Pema Khandu Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik
3 Assam Dispur Himanta Biswa Sarma Lakshman Prasad Acharya
4 Bihar Patna Nitish Kumar Arif Mohammed Khan
5 Chhattisgarh Raipur Vishnu Deo Sai Ramen Deka
6 Goa Panaji Pramod Sawant P.S. Sreedharan Pillai
7 Gujarat Gandhinagar Bhupendra Patel Acharya Dev Vrat
8 Haryana Chandigarh Nayab Singh Saini Bandaru Dattatraya
9 Himachal Pradesh Shimla Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu Shiv Pratap Shukla
10 Jharkhand Ranchi Hemant Soren Santosh Kumar Gangwar
11 Karnataka Bengaluru Siddaramaiah Thaawarchand Gehlot
12 Kerala Thiruvananthapuram Pinarayi Vijayan Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
13 Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Mohan Yadav Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel
14 Maharashtra Mumbai Devendra Fadnavis C.P. Radhakrishnan
15 Manipur Imphal N. Biren Singh
Ajay Kumar Bhalla
16 Meghalaya Shillong Conrad Kongkal Sangma
C H Vijayashankar
17 Mizoram Aizawl Lalduhoma General (Dr.) Vijay Kumar Singh, PVSM, AVSM, YSM (Retd.)
18 Nagaland Kohima Neiphiu Rio
La. Ganesan
19 Odisha Bhubaneswar Mohan Charan Majhi
Dr. Hari Babu Kambhampati
20 Punjab Chandigarh Bhagwant Singh Mann Gulab Chand Kataria
21 Rajasthan Jaipur Bhajan Lal Sharma Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde
22 Sikkim Gangtok PS Golay Om Prakash Mathur
23 Tamil Nadu Chennai M. K. Stalin R. N. Ravi
24 Telangana Hyderabad Anumula Revanth Reddy Jishnu Dev Varma
25 Tripura Agartala Dr. Manik Saha Indra Sena Reddy Nallu
26 Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Yogi Aditya Nath Anandiben Patel
27 Uttarakhand Dehradun Pushkar Singh Dhami Lt. Gen. Gurmit Singh
28 West Bengal Kolkata Mamata Banerjee Dr. C.V. Ananda Bose

Union Territories of India and Their Capitals

India has 8 union territories that are managed by the central government. Some of them have their own legislative assemblies. Below is the of these union territories and their capitals:

S.NO Union Territories Capital CM Lt. Governor
1 Andaman and Nicobar Island Port Blair NA D K Joshi
2 Chandigarh Chandigarh NA Banwarilal Purohit
3 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Daman NA Praful Patel
4 Delhi Delhi Rekha Gupta Vinai Kumar Saxena
5 Ladakh NA NA B. D. Mishra
6 Lakshadweep Kavaratti NA Praful Patel
7 Jammu and Kashmir NA Omar Abdullah Manoj Sinha
8 Puducherry Pondicherry N. Rangaswamy C. P. Radhakrishnan

Difference Between States and Union Territories

India is divided into states and Union Territories for administrative purposes. They are in different in how they are governed.

Basis of Difference States Union Territories
Head of Administration Governor Administrator or Lieutenant Governor
Government Type Elected by the People Managed by the central government
Powers Shares power with the central government. Controlled directly by the central government.

Indian States and their Languages

India is a country with a rich and diverse linguistic heritage. There are over 121 languages spoken in India, and each state has its unique linguistic landscape. The Indian Constitution recognizes 22 languages as “scheduled languages,” which are given special status in government and education.

S. No. States Language
1 Andhra Pradesh Telugu and Urdu
2 Arunachal Pradesh Miji, Apotanji, Merdukpen, Tagin, Adi, Honpa, Banging-Nishi
3 Assam Assamese
4 Bihar Hindi
5 Chhattisgarh Hindi
6 Goa Marathi Konkani
7 Gujarat Gujarati
8 Haryana Hindi
9 Himachal Pradesh Hindi and Pahari
10 Jharkhand Hindi
11 Karnataka Kannada
12 Kerala Malayalam
13 Madhya Pradesh Hindi
14 Maharashtra Marathi
15 Manipur Manipuri
16 Meghalaya Khashi, Jaintia, And Garo
17 Mizoram Mizo and English
18 Nagaland Ao, Konyak, Angami, Sema, and Lotha
19 Odisha Oriya
20 Punjab Punjabi
21 Rajasthan Rajasthani and Hindi
22 Sikkim Bhutia, Hindi, Nepali, Lepcha, Limbu
23 Tamil Nadu Tamil
24 Telangana Telugu
25 Tripura Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri, Kakborak
26 Uttar Pradesh Hindi
27 Uttarakhand Hindi
28 West Bengal Bengali

Some Key Facts About Indian States

Each state in India is unique and has something special. Here are some interesting facts about a few states:

  • Andhra Pradesh: Famous for spicy food and historical sites like Charminar.
  • Assam: Know for tea gardens and Kaziranga National Park, home to the one-horned rhinoceros.
  • Bihar: A place with a rich history, home to Bodh Gaya and the ancient city of Pataliputra.
  • Goa: Popular for beautiful beaches and a lively nightlife.
  • Kerala: Famous for its backwaters, Ayurveda treatments and lush green nature.
  • Maharashtra: Mumbai, the financial capital, is also home to Bollywood.
  • Himachal Pradesh: Known for stunning hill stations and adventure sports.
  • Tamil Nadu: Famous for classical dance forms and grand temples.

PM Modi Inaugurates Rising North East Investors Summit 2025, Boosting Regional Development

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Rising North East Investors Summit 2025 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, marking a significant step towards the holistic development of India’s North Eastern region. The two-day summit, held on May 23-24, brings together industry leaders, government officials, and stakeholders to explore investment opportunities across key sectors such as tourism, textiles, agro-food processing, and energy. PM Modi underscored the strategic and cultural importance of the Northeast, highlighting the region’s transformation and its potential as a growth engine for India’s eastern corridor.

Why in News?

The Rising North East Investors Summit 2025 is in the spotlight due to its emphasis on attracting large-scale investments and fostering economic growth in one of India’s most diverse and strategically important regions. With a focus on infrastructure development, entrepreneurship, and sustainability, the summit represents the government’s commitment to making the Northeast a front-runner in India’s development narrative. The event is crucial for promoting regional integration and enhancing the economic opportunities for local communities.Aim and Objectives

  • Aim: To boost investment inflows and accelerate economic growth in the North Eastern states of India.

Objectives

  • Showcase Northeast’s vast potential across multiple sectors such as tourism, textiles, bio-economy, and energy.
  • Facilitate Business-to-Business (B2B) and Business-to-Government (B2G) engagements.
  • Strengthen collaboration between central ministries, state governments, and private investors.
  • Promote sustainable and inclusive development for local communities.
  • Create employment opportunities and improve infrastructure connectivity.

Background

  • The North Eastern region has been a focal point of India’s “Act East Policy” aimed at enhancing connectivity and economic cooperation with ASEAN countries and other eastern neighbours.
  • Historically underdeveloped, the region has witnessed significant government investment in infrastructure, education, and skill development over the last decade.
  • The government earlier held events like the Ashtalakshmi Mahotsav, symbolizing prosperity, and now the Investors Summit continues this momentum.
  • The Northeast’s diversity, natural resources, and cultural heritage provide a unique advantage for growth in sectors like organic agriculture, handloom, and eco-tourism.

Key Highlights of the Summit

The summit is a two-day event with sessions on ministerial discussions, B2B and B2G meetings, and an exhibition zone showcasing investment opportunities.

Targeted sectors include,

  • Tourism and Hospitality
  • Agro-Food Processing and allied industries
  • Textiles, Handloom, and Handicrafts
  • Healthcare, Education, and Skill Development
  • IT and IT-enabled Services
  • Infrastructure and Logistics
  • Energy
  • Entertainment and Sports
  • PM Modi’s address emphasized Northeast as “Ashtalakshmi,” representing eight-fold prosperity and opportunity.
  • The government’s transition from “Look East” to “Act East” policy has led to tangible development, shifting the region from a frontier to a growth engine.

Significance

The summit reinforces the government’s vision to empower the Northeast as a key player in India’s economic future. It symbolizes a shift towards a more integrated, prosperous, and self-reliant region, leveraging its natural resources and cultural strengths. Investments resulting from this summit are expected to create jobs, improve infrastructure, and attract further domestic and foreign interest in the region.

States and Capitals - How Many States in India?_5.1

Ram Mohan Appointed as New Director of MPEDA

In a significant development in India’s marine export sector, Ram Mohan M K has been appointed as the new Director of the Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA). A seasoned professional with over two decades of service in the organization, Mohan brings deep expertise in marketing, quality control, and international trade, including a tenure as Resident Director in Tokyo.

Why in News?

The appointment of Ram Mohan M K as the Director of MPEDA is making headlines due to his extensive experience in the marine exports sector and international assignments. This leadership change is expected to reinforce India’s strategy to boost seafood exports and ensure compliance with global quality standards.

Background and Credentials

  • Ram Mohan is an alumnus of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) postgraduate programme in mariculture, affiliated to Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT).
  • He holds a Ph.D. from the ICAR–Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai.

Professional Journey

  • Joined MPEDA in 2003.

Held critical roles in,

  • Marketing
  • Quality Assurance
  • Infrastructure Development
  • Resident Director at Tokyo, facilitating India-Japan seafood trade.

Current Roles

Board Member of,

  • MIDCON (Marine Infrastructure Development Company of India Ltd.)
  • Seafood Park India Ltd.
  • Lakshadweep Development Corporation Ltd.

About MPEDA

  • Full Form: Marine Products Export Development Authority
  • Established: 1972
  • Ministry: Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India
  • Headquarters: Kochi, Kerala

Functions

  • Promotion of marine product exports
  • Implementation of quality control regulations
  • Development of infrastructure for seafood processing and storage
  • Supporting sustainable aquaculture

Significance of Appointment

  • The appointment comes at a time when India is aiming to expand its share in the global seafood market.
  • Ram Mohan’s international exposure, particularly in Japan—a key export destination—can help improve bilateral trade and compliance with international standards.
  • Expected to play a vital role in enhancing export efficiency, sustainability, and innovation in India’s seafood sector.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Ram Mohan Appointed as New Director of MPEDA
New Position Director, Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA)
Educational Background PG in Mariculture (CMFRI-CUSAT), Ph.D. (ICAR–CIFE)
Previous Role Resident Director, MPEDA Tokyo
Organization Founded 1972
Reporting Ministry Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Govt. of India
HQ Location Kochi, Kerala

States and Capitals - How Many States in India?_7.1

RBI Transfers Record ₹2.69 Lakh Crore Surplus to Centre for FY25

In a landmark fiscal development, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has approved a record surplus transfer of ₹2.69 lakh crore to the Central Government for the financial year 2024-25. The decision, taken during the 616th meeting of the Central Board of Directors chaired by RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra, reflects strong financial performance and macroeconomic stability. The transfer follows a hike in the Contingent Risk Buffer (CRB) to 7.5%, under the revised Economic Capital Framework (ECF).

Why in News?

The RBI has made headlines for approving the highest-ever dividend to the Government of India. This move is not only significant for fiscal policy and deficit management but also reflects India’s improving macroeconomic fundamentals post-COVID.

Context and Decision

  • RBI’s 616th Central Board meeting held on May 23, 2025.
  • Chaired by RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra.
  • Approved ₹2,68,590.07 crore as surplus transfer for FY25.

About the Surplus Transfer

  • Surplus derived from RBI’s income from open market operations, foreign exchange, and investments.
  • Surplus is transferred after accounting for expenses, provisions, and risk buffers.

Contingent Risk Buffer (CRB) Changes

  • Maintained at 5.5% between 2018-19 and 2021-22 (COVID years).
  • Raised to 6.0% in FY23 and 6.5% in FY24.
  • Further increased to 7.5% in FY25.
  • Based on the revised ECF approved on May 15, 2025.

About the Economic Capital Framework (ECF)

  • Introduced in 2019 following recommendations of Bimal Jalan Committee.
  • Specifies guidelines for risk provisioning and surplus distribution.
  • Ensures balance between RBI’s financial stability and the government’s fiscal needs.

Participants in the Meeting

  • Deputy Governors: M. Rajeshwar Rao, T. Rabi Sankar, Swaminathan J., Dr. Poonam Gupta.
  • Other Board Members: Ajay Seth (Dept. of Economic Affairs), Nagaraju Maddirala (Dept. of Financial Services), Satish K. Marathe, Revathy Iyer, Prof. Sachin Chaturvedi, Pankaj R. Patel, Dr. Ravindra Dholakia.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? RBI Transfers Record ₹2.69 Lakh Crore Surplus to Centre for FY25
Amount Transferred as Surplus ₹2,68,590.07 crore
Financial Year 2024–25
Chaired By RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra
Economic Capital Framework Revised May 15, 2025
Contingent Risk Buffer (CRB) Rate Increased to 7.5%
Purpose of Transfer Strengthen govt’s fiscal position

States and Capitals - How Many States in India?_9.1

Top 5 Naval Special Operations Forces Globally: A Detailed Comparison

Naval Special Operations Forces represent the most elite and versatile warriors within any country’s military structure. These units are designed for unconventional warfare, counter-terrorism, reconnaissance, hostage rescue, and covert maritime operations. In 2025, five such units consistently stand out for their training, capabilities, and global impact: the United States Navy SEALs, India’s MARCOS, Russia’s Naval Spetsnaz, United Kingdom’s Special Boat Service (SBS), and Israel’s Shayetet 13.

Each of these units has evolved in response to specific threats, environments, and operational needs, and all possess highly specialized skill sets that make them critical to national defense and global missions.

United States Navy SEALs

Global Reach and Tactical Dominance

The Navy SEALs (Sea, Air, and Land Teams) are the United States’ premier maritime special operations force, known for their versatility across multiple domains. Formed during the Vietnam War era, they have become synonymous with global power projection.

Their core strengths lie in:

  • Underwater demolition, critical for sabotage and port access

  • Direct action missions, such as high-profile hostage rescues and kill-capture operations

  • Intelligence gathering and counter-terrorism, especially in high-risk conflict zones

SEALs operate under the US Naval Special Warfare Command and often collaborate with the CIA’s Special Activities Center. Their missions range from covert insertions via submarines to high-altitude parachute jumps into hostile territory. What sets them apart is their rigorous training pipeline, including the legendary BUD/S course, and their ability to seamlessly integrate into joint operations worldwide.

MARCOS (India)

Stealth, Speed, and Indigenous Excellence

MARCOS, short for Marine Commandos, are India’s elite naval special forces unit. Often referred to as the “Dadiwale fauj” (the bearded army) due to their disguised urban operations, MARCOS is the silent spear of the Indian Navy.

Key aspects of MARCOS include:

  • Expertise in amphibious warfare, particularly suited to India’s vast coastline and island territories

  • Proficiency in underwater reconnaissance and combat diving, including operations from submarines

  • Specialization in counter-terrorism and anti-piracy, particularly in maritime chokepoints like the Arabian Sea

MARCOS undergo intense physical and psychological screening, followed by training with the Indian Army’s Parachute Regiment and the National Security Guard. They are trained for high-risk, stealth-based operations and are increasingly integrated into India’s tri-service Special Operations Command.

Spetsnaz Naval (Russia)

Brutal Efficiency and Cold-War Legacy

Russia’s Naval Spetsnaz is part of the broader Spetsnaz network but operates under the command of the Russian Navy. Originally developed during the Cold War to counter NATO maritime forces, Naval Spetsnaz maintains a fearsome reputation for both offensive and defensive underwater tactics.

Distinct capabilities include:

  • Use of diver delivery vehicles and underwater sabotage

  • Expertise in harbor infiltration, ship boarding, and mine placement

  • Aggressive training methods emphasizing hand-to-hand combat and urban guerrilla warfare

Naval Spetsnaz units are trained at facilities such as the infamous Russian Navy Diving School. Their presence in sensitive areas like the Arctic and Black Sea underscores their role as strategic deterrents as well as offensive assets.

Special Boat Service (SBS) – United Kingdom

Silent Professionals of Maritime Special Warfare

Often considered the British equivalent of the Navy SEALs, the Special Boat Service (SBS) is the United Kingdom’s elite naval special forces unit. Operated under the Royal Navy but administered by UKSF (UK Special Forces), SBS specializes in covert reconnaissance, counter-terrorism, and direct action in maritime environments.

The SBS is known for:

  • Conducting covert insertions via mini-submarines, kayaks, and HALO jumps

  • Operating in urban coastal areas for hostage rescue and sabotage

  • Collaborating with the Special Air Service (SAS) for joint operations

SBS operators are often drawn from the Royal Marines and are trained in close quarters combat, demolitions, and advanced diving. They maintain a strict policy of operational secrecy, which has earned them the nickname “The Silent Service”.

Shayetet 13 – Israel

Surgical Precision and Maritime Counter-Terrorism

Shayetet 13 is Israel’s most elite naval commando unit, tasked with counter-terrorism, sabotage, intelligence, and hostage rescue missions in both sea and land environments. Often compared to the SEALs and SBS, Shayetet 13 has earned its reputation through decades of precision operations in one of the world’s most volatile regions.

Their strengths include:

  • Targeted raids, particularly against high-value terrorist figures

  • Mastery in covert infiltration of enemy ports, ships, and coastal facilities

  • Operating seamlessly with Israeli intelligence agencies like Mossad and Shin Bet

Training in Shayetet 13 is extremely rigorous, involving a process that lasts over 20 months. Their operational style emphasizes rapid deployment, silence, and surgical execution, making them one of the most feared special forces units globally.

Comparative Overview

Each of these five elite forces brings unique strengths to the table:

  • The Navy SEALs offer unmatched global reach and joint operations capability

  • MARCOS excels in regional dominance and indigenous stealth operations

  • Spetsnaz Naval emphasizes raw strength, sabotage, and Cold War-era combat methods

  • The SBS brings in deep experience in urban maritime counter-terrorism with surgical precision

  • Shayetet 13 is defined by intelligence-led, highly precise, high-risk missions in hostile environments

Top-5 Corn Producing States of the United States, Know About Them

Corn is one of the most important crops in the United States. It is used for food, animal feed, fuel and many other products. Each year, millions of tons of corn are grown across the country. Some states produce more corn than other due to good soil, weather and farming techniques. Let’s explore which states lead the nation in crop production in 2025.

Corn Production in the United States

The United State is the top corn producer in the world. In 2023/2024, it grew around 350 million metric tons of corn, about one-third of the world’s total. Corn is the most widely grown grain globally, with total production reaching nearly 1.15 billion metric tons in 2022/2023.

Top-5 Corn Producing States in the United States

Iowa of United States, with an annual corn production of 2.5 billion bushels, stands as the largest state in terms of corn production. Here are the names of top-5 corn producing states in the United States:

  • Iowa
  • Illinois
  • Nebraska
  • Minnesota
  • Indiana

Iowa

Iowa grows more corn than any other state in the country. Every year, Iowa produces around 2.5 billion bushels of corn. Almost 90% of the land in Iowa is used for farming. The state has very fertile soil, known as topsoil, which helps crops grow well. Skilled and hardworking farmers also play a big part in Iowa’s success.

Illinois

Illinois comes in second place in corn production. The state is home to McLean Country, which is the highest corn-producing country in the nation. Illinois has rich soils and a climate that is perfect for growing corn. This makes it one of the top contributors to the U.S. corn supply every year.

Nebraska

Nebraska ranks third among corn-producing states. What makes Nebraska special is that it also produces a lot of ethanol, a fuel from corn. The state has around 21,500 corn farmers and 25 ethanol plants. Nebraska’s system connects corn farming, animal farming and ethanol production, making it very efficient.

Minnesota

Minnesota is in fourth place. Most corn in Minnesota is grown in the southeast and southwest areas, where the soil is very good. Farmers often rotate corn with soybeans. Corn in Minnesota is also important for feeding animals like hogs and chickens. This helps both crop and livestock farming in the state.

Indiana

Indiana is the fifth-largest corn-producing state. Over half of Indiana’s cropland is used to grow corn. Corn is the most valuable crop in the state, bringing in more than $3.28 billion in sales. Indiana is also famous for growing popcorn, producing over 20% of all popcorn in the United States.

 

 

States and Capitals - How Many States in India?_12.1

Napoli Clinches Serie A Title in Dramatic Fashion

Napoli has been crowned champions of the 2024–25 Serie A season after a dominant 2-0 victory over Cagliari in the final round. Goals from Scott McTominay and Romelu Lukaku sealed the win at the Diego Armando Maradona Stadium, ensuring Napoli finished one point above rivals Inter Milan, who also won their final game but fell short. Coach Antonio Conte, suspended from the touchline, guided his team to glory and made history by becoming the first manager to win the Italian title with three different clubs.

Why in News?

Napoli’s win over Cagliari secured the Serie A title for the 2024–25 season. This victory is significant not only because it denied Inter Milan back-to-back titles but also because it cemented Antonio Conte’s legacy with a unique managerial record in Italian football.

Key Highlights

  • Final Score: Napoli 2 – 0 Cagliari

Goal Scorers

  • Scott McTominay (Bicycle kick before halftime)
  • Romelu Lukaku (Early second-half goal)
  • Inter Milan’s Result: 2 – 0 win against Como (goals by de Vrij and Correa)
  • Final Points Tally: Napoli edged Inter by 1 point.

Match Context

  • Napoli entered the final round with a one-point lead.
  • Victory ensured they didn’t need to rely on Inter dropping points.
  • The match turned into a citywide celebration as fireworks and flares marked the win.

Historical Significance

  • Antonio Conte becomes the first coach to win Serie A with three clubs (Juventus, Inter Milan, Napoli).
  • This marks Napoli’s second title in three years, showing sustained performance.
  • Inter, despite winning their match, had to settle for second place and now focus on the UEFA Champions League final against PSG.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Napoli Clinches Serie A Title in Dramatic Fashion
Final Match Napoli 2 – 0 Cagliari
Rivals Inter Milan (2nd place despite winning)
Manager Antonio Conte (Suspended, still led team)
Unique Feat Conte – 1st to win Serie A with 3 clubs

States and Capitals - How Many States in India?_14.1

“MoEFCC Declares Winners of ‘Ideas4LiFE’ Under Mission LiFE”

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has announced the top 21 winning ideas under its citizen-centric initiative ‘Ideas4LiFE’, launched under the broader umbrella of Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment). Designed to promote sustainable living, the initiative witnessed enthusiastic participation from youth, research scholars, and academic institutions across India. The winning entries were chosen from 1384 submissions across seven thematic areas that align with the goals of Mission LiFE.

Why in News?

The announcement of winners on 22 May 2025 by Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav marks a significant step in encouraging community-driven solutions for environmental challenges. The initiative, launched in association with UNICEF YuWaah, aims to translate the Prime Minister’s vision of “Mindful and Deliberate Utilization of Resources” into actionable, scalable ideas.

Background & Aim

  • Launched via the portal https://ideas4life.in
  • Organized by MoEFCC in partnership with UNICEF YuWaah
  • Intended to crowdsource innovative, impactful, and scalable ideas focused on sustainable lifestyles

Seven Themes of Mission LiFE

  1. Save Energy
  2. Save Water
  3. Say No to Single-Use Plastic
  4. Adopt Sustainable Food Systems
  5. Reduce Waste
  6. Reduce E-waste
  7. Adopt Healthy Lifestyles

Selection Process

  • Phase I: Preliminary screening for completeness and originality
  • Phase II: Evaluation based on 5 parameters
  1. Innovation Potential
  2. Feasibility
  3. Impact
  4. Scalability
  5. Sustainability
  • Phase III: Final selection by a national jury constituted by the Ministry

Highlights

  • 21 ideas selected (Top 3 in each theme)
  • Over 1384 entries received
  • Encourages citizen engagement and youth participation in environmental problem-solving
  • Aligns with India’s global climate commitments and Mission LiFE goals
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? “MoEFCC Declares Winners of ‘Ideas4LiFE’ Under Mission LiFE”
Launched By Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
Collaborating Agency UNICEF YuWaah
Total Entries 1384
Winning Entries 21 (Top 3 in each of 7 themes)
Themes Covered  Energy, Water, Plastic, Food, Waste, E-waste, Healthy Living

States and Capitals - How Many States in India?_16.1

Algeria Becomes New Member of BRICS’ New Development Bank

In a significant development for international finance and South-South cooperation, Algeria has formally joined the New Development Bank (NDB)—an institution established by the BRICS nations—on May 19, 2025. This move reinforces Algeria’s commitment to sustainable development and underlines NDB’s expanding global footprint beyond its founding members.

Why in News?

Algeria officially deposited its instrument of accession on May 19, completing its membership process to join the NDB. The announcement was made on May 22, 2025, by the Shanghai-headquartered bank. This marks an important milestone in NDB’s mission to broaden global participation in infrastructure and development financing.

Key Objectives of NDB

  • Mobilize resources for infrastructure and sustainable development projects.
  • Offer alternative financial solutions to existing Western-dominated institutions like the IMF and World Bank.
  • Strengthen South-South cooperation and global partnerships.

About the NDB

  • Established in 2015 by BRICS nations: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa.
  • Headquarters: Shanghai, China.
  • Has approved over 120 projects worth $40 billion.
  • Focus areas: Clean energy, water sanitation, transportation, digital infrastructure, and environmental protection.
  • Leadership: Presidency and vice-presidency rotate among founding BRICS members.
  • Current President: Dilma Rousseff (Brazil).

Algeria’s Significance

  • Geographically located in North Africa with access to Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa.
  • Rich in natural resources and energy reserves.
  • Recognized for its strategic importance and growth potential.

Statements from Leaders

  • Dilma Rousseff (President, NDB): Algeria brings strategic value and will enhance NDB’s role globally.
  • Abdelkrim Bouzerd (Finance Minister, Algeria): Membership reflects Algeria’s belief in the NDB’s role in financing global development and promoting economic resilience.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Algeria Becomes New Member of BRICS’ New Development Bank
Accession Date May 19, 2025
Institution New Development Bank (NDB)
Established 2015 by BRICS
Current President Dilma Rousseff (Brazil)
Total Projects Approved 120+ (worth $40 billion)
Key Sectors Infrastructure, clean energy, water, transport, digital development

States and Capitals - How Many States in India?_18.1

Top 10 Currency Exchange Rates That Favor Indian Travelers in 2025

In 2025, the global currency market presents a unique advantage for Indian travelers. The Indian Rupee (INR) has shown resilience and strength against several foreign currencies, creating favorable exchange rates in specific countries. This means Indian tourists can enjoy more international travel opportunities at reduced costs, as their money stretches further in these destinations.

This article explores the ten most advantageous currency exchange rates for Indian travelers in 2025, focusing on countries where INR offers exceptional purchasing power, affordability, and memorable travel experiences.

Currency Exchange Rates Favoring INR (2025)

Rank Country INR Equivalent Value (Approx.) Why It’s Great for Indians
1 Vietnam 308 Vietnamese Dong Street food, sightseeing, affordability
2 Laos 257 Laotian Kip Nature, peace, spiritual sites
3 Indonesia 195 Indonesian Rupiah Beaches, resorts, cultural treasures
4 Cambodia 48 Cambodian Riel Temples, museums, cheap tours
5 Paraguay 95 Paraguayan Guarani Natural beauty, low tourist prices
6 Uzbekistan 153 Uzbekistani Som Historical cities, local shopping
7 Mongolia 42 Mongolian Tugrik Nomadic culture, budget adventures
8 Nepal 1.6 Nepalese Rupee Himalayan treks, spiritual retreats
9 Sri Lanka 3.75 Sri Lankan Rupee Coastal towns, cultural trips
10 Hungary 4.2 Hungarian Forint European charm on a budget

1. Vietnam

A Cultural and Scenic Paradise with High Rupee Value

Vietnam remains one of the top destinations where Indian travelers get outstanding value for their money. With the INR commanding over 300 Vietnamese Dong, everything from accommodation to dining and sightseeing becomes significantly more affordable.

Vietnam offers:

  • Rich historical landmarks in Hanoi and Hue

  • Natural wonders like Ha Long Bay

  • Affordable street food and transportation

This combination of beauty, culture, and low travel cost makes Vietnam one of the most INR-friendly destinations globally.

2. Laos

Serenity and Simplicity at an Affordable Price

In 2025, the Laotian Kip continues to hold a weak exchange rate against the Indian Rupee, with 1 INR valued at over 250 Kip. This makes travel in Laos remarkably affordable, particularly for those seeking quiet escapes and cultural immersion.

Highlights include:

  • Spiritual retreats in Luang Prabang

  • River cruises on the Mekong

  • Low-cost guesthouses and meals

Laos is a perfect option for backpackers and slow travelers from India.

3. Indonesia

Island Adventures Made Cheaper by INR Strength

Indonesia, especially Bali and Java, is not only famous for its tropical beauty but also for its budget-friendly economy. The INR exchanges favorably against the Indonesian Rupiah, giving Indian tourists a financial edge when traveling.

Indian travelers benefit from:

  • Low-cost hotels and resort packages

  • Delicious and cheap local cuisine

  • Economical transportation across islands

This makes Indonesia a top-tier destination for Indian tourists seeking sun, culture, and affordability.

4. Cambodia

Rich Heritage with a Light Budget

Cambodia is another country where the Indian Rupee enjoys strong buying power. From exploring ancient ruins like Angkor Wat to relaxing on serene beaches, the country offers unique travel opportunities without burning a hole in your wallet.

Why Cambodia is INR-friendly:

  • Inexpensive entry tickets to tourist sites

  • Budget hotels in Siem Reap and Phnom Penh

  • Great value for food, transport, and tours

Cambodia offers a mix of ancient culture and modern hospitality — all at a very low cost to Indian visitors.

5. Paraguay

South America’s Underrated Gem for Indian Travelers

Paraguay stands out in South America for offering a favorable exchange rate to Indian tourists. With the INR performing well against the Paraguayan Guarani, travelers can enjoy everything from eco-tourism to historical exploration on a modest budget.

INR value shines in:

  • Entry to national parks and cultural sites

  • Public transportation and local food

  • Budget stays in capital Asunción and beyond

It’s a hidden paradise for Indian travelers looking for value and something different.

6. Uzbekistan

Ancient Cities, Modern Affordability

In 2025, the Uzbekistani Som continues to trade weakly against the Indian Rupee, allowing for affordable travel through this historically rich Central Asian country. Known for its Silk Road cities, Uzbekistan combines architectural marvels with low living costs.

Ideal for:

  • Cultural tourism in Samarkand and Bukhara

  • Traditional bazaars and homestays

  • Exploring mosques, madrassas, and caravanserais on a budget

Uzbekistan offers depth, heritage, and economy — a rare combination for INR-based travelers.

7. Mongolia

Nomadic Beauty Meets Budget Travel

Mongolia’s remote wilderness, nomadic traditions, and stark beauty make it an unusual yet rewarding travel destination. With a favorable exchange rate in 2025, Indian tourists can roam vast steppes and experience ger camps without overspending.

Cost benefits include:

  • Inexpensive accommodation in yurts

  • Affordable horse-riding and desert excursions

  • Low-cost food and transport options

Mongolia is perfect for adventurous Indians looking for unique, off-the-grid experiences at great value.

8. Nepal

Himalayan Treks at INR-Friendly Prices

India’s neighbor Nepal has always been a favorite due to visa-free entry and currency compatibility. With the exchange rate still favoring the INR in 2025, Indian travelers can enjoy trekking, nature, and spirituality at a fraction of the cost.

Nepal offers:

  • Budget-friendly mountain lodges

  • Economical food and gear rentals for trekking

  • Rich spiritual experiences in Lumbini and Kathmandu

It remains one of the best short-haul international getaways for Indian travelers.

9. Sri Lanka

Beaches, Tea Hills, and INR Efficiency

Despite economic challenges, Sri Lanka’s cost of travel remains low for Indian tourists, and the Indian Rupee is particularly strong against the Sri Lankan Rupee in 2025.

Affordability in Sri Lanka means:

  • Budget stays in beach towns like Galle and Mirissa

  • Low-cost intercity train travel

  • Delicious seafood and local cuisine at very low prices

Its proximity and shared cultural ties make Sri Lanka a go-to destination for Indian holidaymakers.

10. Hungary

A European Experience That Respects Your Budget

While Western Europe can be expensive, Hungary offers a strong exchange rate for Indian travelers and provides an authentic European experience. With 1 INR trading at several units of the Hungarian Forint, travel in Hungary is significantly cheaper than its neighbors.

Why Hungary is cost-effective:

  • Affordable accommodations in Budapest

  • Cheap yet reliable public transport

  • Access to thermal baths and historical sites at low prices

Hungary delivers European charm with a surprisingly budget-friendly price tag for INR holders.

What is the National Flower of China? Know its Name

China is a country with a long and rich history. It has many symbols that show its culture and beauty. One of these special symbols is a flower that is loved by many people in China. This flower is known for its bright colors, sweet small and deep meaning. It plays an important role in Chinese festivals, art and daily life. Let’s learn more about this lovely flower.

National Flower of China

The national flower of China is the plum blossom. It blooms in late winter, even in snow, showing strength and hope. The flower stands for courage, endurance and beauty in difficult times. Plum blossoms have five petals, usually white or pink. They are deeply loved in Chinese culture, art and poetry and are one of the ”Three Friends of Winter” along with pine and bamboo.

What is the Plum Blossom?

The plum blossom is a flower that grows on plum trees. It has five small petals and gives off a soft and sweet smell. It blooms in late winter or early spring, when most other flowers are still sleeping. This makes it very special in China.

Why China Choose it as its National Flower?

China chose the plum blossom as its national flower in 1964. It was picked because of its strong meaning. Even in cold weather, the flower still grows. This shows the strong spirit of the Chinese people – to keep going, even when times are hard. The plum blossom is also often seen in old Chinese poems, paintings and stories.

What do the Five Petals Mean?

Each of the five petals of the plum blossom stands for a special wish:

  • Long life
  • Wealth (money and success)
  • Health
  • Good values (kindness, honesty)
  • Peaceful death

These are called the ”Five Blessings” in Chinese culture.

When do Plum Blossoms Bloom?

Plum blossoms usually bloom from January to March, depending on the weather.

  • In Southern China, they bloom earlier.
  • In Northern China, they bloom a bit later.

They are often the first flower to bloom in the new year.

Other Flowers the Matter in China

Besides the plum blossom, there are other flowers that are also important in Chinese culture:

  • Peony – shows wealth and beauty
  • Camelia – means respect and perfection
  • Osmanthus – brings love and happiness
  • Magnolia – stands for purity and nobility

These flowers are used in Chinese festivals, art and even in medicines.

Fun Facts About Plum Blossoms

  • First to Bloom: It blooms before any other flower in the year – a sign of new beginnings.
  • Five Petals = Five Good Wishes: Each petal means something good like heath and peace.
  • You Can Eat its Fruit: The tree gives real plums, which are used in teas, snacks and traditional Chinese medicines.
  • Peony is also Special: Though the plum blossom is the national flower, the peony is another flower China loves.
  • Seen during Chinese New Year: People decorate their homes with plum blossoms during Lunar New Year for good luck.

States and Capitals - How Many States in India?_21.1

States and Capitals - How Many States in India?_22.1

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