Paris Olympics 2024 Medal Tally, India Medal Tally in Olympics

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Paris Olympics 2024 Medal Tally, India Medal Tally in Olympics

Paris Olympics 2024 Medal Tally

China’s Liu Yukun won a gold medal, helping China stay at the top of the medal table. France is in second place, and Japan is in third. This is the 33rd Summer Olympics. It started on Friday and will end on August 11. The Paris Olympics has 32 sports. These include 28 main sports, plus some newer ones like breakdancing, skateboarding, surfing, and sports climbing. India won its third medal in the Paris 2024 Olympics. Swapnil Kusale got a bronze medal in the men’s 50m rifle 3 positions event. This happened in Chateauroux on Thursday.

Paris Olympics 2024 Medal Tally (Full List)

China leads with the most gold medals (11), but the United States has the highest total medal count (31). The top 5 countries by gold medals are China, France, Japan, Australia, and the United States.

Rank	Country	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	China	11	7	3	21
2	France	8	10	8	26
3	Japan	8	3	4	15
4	Australia	7	6	4	17
5	United States of America	6	13	12	31
6	Great Britain	6	7	7	20
7	South Korea	6	3	3	12
8	Italy	3	6	4	13
9	Canada	2	2	3	7
10	Germany	2	2	2	6
11	Netherlands	2	2	1	5
11	New Zealand	2	2	1	5
13	Romania	2	1	1	4
14	Hong Kong	2	0	2	4
15	Sweden	1	1	2	4
16	Georgia	1	1	0	2
17	Belgium	1	0	2	3
17	Ireland	1	0	2	3
17	Kazakhstan	1	0	2	3
17	South Africa	1	0	2	3
21	Croatia	1	0	1	2
21	Guatemala	1	0	1	2
23	Argentina	1	0	0	1
23	Azerbaijan	1	0	0	1
23	Ecuador	1	0	0	1
23	Serbia	1	0	0	1
23	Slovenia	1	0	0	1
23	Uzbekistan	1	0	0	1
29	Brazil	0	2	3	5
30	Hungary	0	2	1	3
31	North Korea	0	2	0	2
32	Poland	0	1	2	3
32	Spain	0	1	2	3
34	Kosovo	0	1	1	2
34	Mexico	0	1	1	2
34	Switzerland	0	1	1	2
34	Turkey	0	1	1	2
34	Ukraine	0	1	1	2
39	Fiji	0	1	0	1
39	Mongolia	0	1	0	1
39	Tunisia	0	1	0	1
42	India	0	0	3	3
43	Moldova	0	0	2	2
44	Austria	0	0	1	1
44	Egypt	0	0	1	1
44	Greece	0	0	1	1
44	Slovakia	0	0	1	1
44	Tajikistan	0	0	1	1

Updated 01-08-2024

Which is the Longest Strait in the World?

Straits are narrow passages of water that connect two larger bodies of water, playing a vital role in maritime navigation and trade. These waterways can significantly impact local ecosystems and economies, making them essential for international shipping routes. One of the most famous straits is the Strait of Malacca, recognized as the longest strait in the world.

Longest Strait in the World

The Strait of Malacca, at approximately 800 kilometers (500 miles) long, is the longest strait in the world. It connects the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, serving as a vital shipping route for international trade, with over 94,000 vessels passing through annually.

Location of Strait of Malacca, World’s Longest Strait

The Strait of Malacca is situated between the Malay Peninsula to the northeast and the Indonesian island of Sumatra to the southwest. This narrow passage plays a crucial role in facilitating international trade between major Asian economies, including India, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Vietnam, China, Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea.

Length of Strait of Malacca

The Strait stretches approximately 800 kilometers (500 miles) in length. Its width varies, ranging from 65 to 250 kilometers (40–155 miles), making it one of the longest straits globally. The International Hydrographic Organization outlines specific geographical coordinates that define the strait’s limits, ensuring its recognition as a significant maritime feature.

Importance of Strait of Malacca

The Strait of Malacca serves as the primary shipping channel between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Maritime Silk Road, which links trade routes from the Chinese coast to the Mediterranean. Over 94,000 vessels navigate through this strait annually, accounting for about 25% of the world’s traded goods, including oil, manufactured products, coal, and agricultural commodities. Notably, nearly a quarter of all oil transported by sea passes through the strait, with millions of barrels shipped daily.

Shipping Hazards

Despite its significance, the Strait of Malacca poses various shipping hazards. Piracy has historically plagued the area, although recent years have seen a decline in attacks due to increased naval patrols. Additionally, the strait’s narrowness and shallow depths create collision hazards, with several shipwrecks reported over the years. Annual haze from wildfires in Sumatra further complicates navigation, reducing visibility and forcing vessels to slow down.

Proposals for Alternative Routes

Given the increasing congestion in the Strait of Malacca, proposals have emerged to relieve some of the traffic. One such proposal involves constructing a canal through the Isthmus of Kra in Thailand, potentially shortening the route between the Indian and Pacific Oceans by approximately 960 kilometers (600 miles). However, financial and ecological challenges have hindered progress on this plan. Additionally, alternatives like pipelines have been suggested to transport oil across the isthmus, reducing transportation costs.

Most Populated City in India, Check the List of Top-10

India, the seventh-largest country in the world, is known for its rich cultural heritage and diverse population of over 1.4 billion people. It boasts a unique blend of ancient traditions and modern innovations, with 22 official languages and various religions coexisting harmoniously. Home to stunning landscapes, iconic landmarks, and vibrant festivals, India plays a significant role on the global stage in terms of economy, technology, and cultural influence. In this article, we will delve into the list of top-10 most populated cities in India as of 2024.

Number of Districts in India

India is divided into 800 districts, which serve as administrative units across its 28 states and 8 union territories. Many districts are further segmented into sub-divisions known as tehsils or talukas, depending on the region, with tehsils more prevalent in the north and talukas in the south. Each sub-division is managed by a local official, such as a tehsildar, mamlatdar, or mandal revenue officer, ensuring efficient governance and administration.

Top-10 Most Populated Cities in India as of 2024

Delhi, the Capital of India, with the population of 33,807,403, holds the title of the most populated city of India, followed by Mumbai, Kolkata and Bangalore.

Here is the list of top-10 most populated cities in India as of 2024:

Top-10 Most Populated Cities in India 2024
Rank	Cities	State/ UT	Population
1.	Delhi	New Delhi	33,807,403
2.	Mumbai	Maharashtra	21,673,570
3.	Kolkata	West Bengal	15,570,786
4.	Bangalore	Karnataka	14,008,262
5.	Chennai	Tamil Nadu	12,053,697
6.	Hyderabad	Telangana	11,068,877
7.	Ahmedabad	Gujarat	8,854,444
8.	Surat	Gujarat	8,330,528
9.	Pune	Maharashtra	7,345,848
10.	Jaipur	Rajasthan	4,308,510

India’s Most Populated City – Delhi

Population: 33 million

Delhi, the capital of India, boasts a population of over 33 million people. It serves as the country’s political, cultural, and historical hub, featuring iconic landmarks like India Gate and the Red Fort. The city’s diverse demographics and vibrant economy make it a significant metropolitan area.

Second Most Populated City in India – Mumbai

Population: 21.6 million

Mumbai, with a population of approximately 21.6 million, is India’s financial and entertainment capital. Known as the “City of Dreams,” it hosts the Bollywood film industry and major financial institutions. The city’s bustling streets, vibrant culture, and economic opportunities attract people from across the nation.

Third Largest City of India in terms of Population – Kolkata

Population: 15.6 million

Kolkata, located in West Bengal, has a population of around 15.6 million people. Known for its rich cultural heritage, the city is famous for its literature, art, and festivals. Kolkata is also a major commercial and educational center, offering a unique blend of tradition and modernity.

IDB and UNDP Collaborate to Boost Climate Data in Latin America and the Caribbean

The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) has partnered with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to enhance the collection and sharing of critical climate and weather data in Latin America and the Caribbean. This collaboration aims to support climate adaptation efforts and improve regional climate coordination.

Agreement Highlights

The agreement grants the IDB access to financing through the Systematic Observations Financing Facility (SOFF), a funding mechanism established in 2021 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), UNDP, and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). SOFF focuses on improving weather forecasts, early warning systems, and climate information services, prioritizing countries with significant data gaps, especially Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS).

Implementation and Initial Projects

As one of the first Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to access a UN-administered Multi-Partner Trust Fund, the IDB will implement the SOFF program starting in Belize with an initial grant of over $800,000. Following Belize, projects will be rolled out in The Bahamas, Barbados, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Kitts & Nevis, and Trinidad & Tobago.

Strategic Alignment

This partnership aligns with the IDB’s strategies on biodiversity, natural capital, and climate action. By enhancing data collection and capacity building, SOFF will bolster climate adaptation efforts, strengthen regional coordination, and reduce vulnerability to climate change. Additionally, it will support IDB regional initiatives such as América en el Centro and One Caribbean.

Funding and Phases of SOFF

SOFF is funded by donors, including Austria, Belgium, Canada, and the United States, and operates in three phases:

Readiness Phase: Technical assistance to assess data gaps and develop National Contribution Plans.
Investment Phase: Grants to upgrade or install weather observation stations and build capacity.
Compliance Phase: Results-based financing and advisory services to maintain data-sharing stations.

IDB’s Role and Future Prospects

The IDB has played a crucial role in shaping SOFF, collaborating with WMO, UNEP, and UNDP to ensure the fund meets the needs of member countries. IDB President Ilan Goldfajn emphasized that improved climate data will enhance countries’ resilience to climate change, paving the way for other MDBs to access SOFF resources.

Prof. Celeste Saulo, Secretary-General of WMO, highlighted the importance of filling data gaps, stating that this initiative can significantly enhance local and global climate responses. UN-MPTF Office Executive Coordinator Alain Noudéhou expressed pride in establishing a partnership that will leverage additional resources to close the climate observation data gap.

About the IDB and UN Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office

The IDB is dedicated to improving lives across Latin America and the Caribbean by providing innovative solutions for sustainable development. The UN Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office, hosted by UNDP, specializes in pooled funding instruments, having administered over $19 billion in funds across 130 countries to support global development priorities and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

About SOFF

SOFF is a specialized UN fund aimed at closing the climate and weather observation data gap, particularly in countries with severe shortfalls. It provides long-term financial and technical assistance to enhance the acquisition and international sharing of basic weather and climate observations, adhering to Global Basic Observing Network (GBON) standards. SOFF is integral to the UN’s Early Warnings for All Initiative.

Dwayne Bravo Announces Retirement from All Cricket

Dwayne Bravo has confirmed his retirement from all cricket after his final season in the CPL (Caribbean Premier League) was cut short by injury. The West Indies maestro will take up a new role as Mentor in franchise cricket.

Injury Issue

Bravo sustained a groin injury during the Tobago Knight Riders match against the St Lucia Kings in Tarouba on Tuesday while attempting to catch St Lucia captain Faf du Plessis in the seventh over.
Immediately pulling up in pain, Bravo left the field and didn’t bowl a single over.

Bravo’s Heartfelt Message

Dream of Cricket Journey

Dear Cricket, today is the day I say goodbye to the game that has given me everything.
From the age of five, I knew this was what I wanted to do- this was the sport I was destined to play.
I had no interest in anything else, and dedicated my entire life to you.

Applaud Cricket’s Contribution

In return, you gave me the life I dreamed of for myself and my family. For that, I can’t thank you enough.
Twenty-one years as a professional cricketer – it’s been an incredible journey, filled with many highs and a few lows.
Most importantly, I was able to live my dream because I gave you 100 (per cent) at every step. As much as I’d love to continue this relationship, it’s time to face reality.
My mind wants to keep going, but my body can no longer endure the pain, the breakdowns, and the strain.
I can’t put myself in a position where I might let down my teammates, my fans, or the teams I represent.

Achievements

In an 18-year career, Bravo set the benchmark in T20 cricket, winning titles at the IPL (Indian Premier League) , PSL (Pakistan Premier League) and Big Bash.

Two-time world champion with the West Indies at the T20 World Cup in 2012 and 2016.
He finishes with 631 wickets in the format from 582 appearances – second only to compatriot Kieron Pollard.

Phase of Retirement

Earlier Bravo retired from Test cricket on January 31, 2015.
Bravo announced his retirement from international cricket in all formats in October 2018, but came out of retirement in December 2019 to prepare for the 2020 T20 World Cup.
Bravo played his last T20I match against Australia on November 6, 2021, and retired from international cricket that day.

Future Plan

Dwayne Bravo has been appointed as a Mentor of Kolkata Knight Riders in IPl from the 2025 season.
His appointment fills the gap of Gautam Gambhir who was selected for Indian Men’s Team coach after Rahul Dravid completes his tenure.
It will be a new role for Bravo, earlier he had also joined Chennai Super Kings as a bowling coach of the team in 2022 and 2023.

India Joins Leadership of Global Anti-Corruption Alliance

India has been elected to the 15-member GlobE Steering Committee, which focuses on combating corruption and asset recovery. This decision was made during a plenary session in Beijing on September 26, 2024, following a multistage voting process. As a member of the Steering Committee, India is poised to play a pivotal role in shaping the global anti-corruption agenda, leveraging its experience and expertise in the field.

Background of the GloBE Network

The GlobE Network originated as an initiative from the G-20, supported by India in 2020. The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has highlighted that India’s participation will be instrumental in tackling corruption globally.

Political Dynamics in India

In a contrasting political landscape, since 2014, several politicians facing corruption charges have switched to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). An investigation revealed that out of 25 prominent politicians who made this switch, 23 cases led to a halt in investigations, showcasing a significant disparity in how political affiliations impact legal proceedings. Notably, six politicians moved to the BJP just weeks before the general elections, indicating a strategic shift.

Investigative Findings

The findings illustrate a pattern where Central agencies focus primarily on the Opposition, with 95% of actions taken against political figures being from opposition parties since the NDA came to power in 2014. This trend has led critics to label the BJP’s political maneuvers as a “washing machine,” allowing accused politicians to evade accountability by changing parties.

Recent Developments in Elections

In recent elections, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been re-elected as the leader of the NDA alliance despite the BJP not securing a majority. With 240 seats in the Lok Sabha, Modi’s party faces the challenge of forming a government with the support of allies, as the NDA collectively holds 283 seats, surpassing the required 272.

Global Reactions

World leaders, including U.S. President Joe Biden, Russian President Vladimir Putin, and UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak, have congratulated Modi on his election victory, emphasizing the strong bilateral relations between India and their respective nations.

Opposition Response

Congress President Mallikarjun Kharge, representing the opposition INDIA alliance, asserted that the election mandate reflects a decisive rejection of Modi’s governance, vowing to continue the fight against what he termed the BJP’s “fascist rule.”

PM Modi Launches Three PARAM Rudra Supercomputers

Prime Minister Narendra Modi virtually launched three PARAM Rudra supercomputers on September 26, 2024, emphasizing the importance of technological advancements for empowering the underprivileged. Developed indigenously under the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM) at a cost of ₹130 crore each, these high-performance computing systems are strategically deployed in Pune, Delhi, and Kolkata. With a total investment of ₹850 crore in the project, these supercomputers aim to facilitate pioneering scientific research across various disciplines.

Objectives and Applications

The PARAM Rudra supercomputers will support advanced scientific research in diverse fields. For instance, the Giant Metre Radio Telescope (GMRT) in Pune will utilize the supercomputers to explore astronomical phenomena such as Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs). Meanwhile, the Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC) in Delhi will focus on enhancing research in material science and atomic physics, and the S N Bose Centre in Kolkata will drive studies in physics, cosmology, and earth sciences.

Driving Innovation and Self-Reliance

During the launch, Modi highlighted that “no sector can function without technology and computing capability.” He reiterated the goal of achieving self-reliance in high-performance computing, stating that India’s contributions should extend beyond mere bits and bytes to terabytes and petabytes. The initiative represents a significant step towards bolstering India’s computing capabilities and driving innovation in science and technology.

A Missed Visit

Although Modi initially planned to visit Pune for the launch, he had to cancel his trip due to heavy rains in the city. Officials noted that he was also scheduled to flag off a Metro train line and inaugurate development projects worth ₹22,600 crore.

Bhagat Singh Motivational Quotes and Thoughts

Bhagat Singh, a revered revolutionary and freedom fighter, left an indelible mark on India’s struggle for independence. His courageous spirit and profound thoughts inspire generations, emphasizing the importance of justice, unity, and the pursuit of knowledge. Through his impactful quotes, Singh advocated for collective action and the empowerment of youth, reflecting his unwavering belief in the power of ideas to effect change. His legacy continues to resonate, motivating individuals to strive for a better future.

Bhagat Singh, a Freedom Fighter

Bhagat Singh, born on 27 September 1907 was a key figure in India’s anti-colonial struggle. In 1928, he mistakenly killed British officer John Saunders, seeking revenge for nationalist leader Lala Lajpat Rai’s death. After a symbolic bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly in 1929, Singh gained widespread sympathy, especially during a hunger strike for better prison conditions. Executed at 23, he became a folk hero and symbol of resistance, admired across India’s political spectrum as Shaheed-e-Azam (“Great martyr”).

Famous Quotes By Bhagat Singh

“They may kill me, but they cannot kill my ideas. They can crush my body, but they will not be able to crush my spirit.”
“Philosophy is the outcome of human weakness or limitation of knowledge.”
“Revolution is an inalienable right of mankind. Freedom is an imperishable birthright of all.”
“Labor is the real sustainer of society.”
“I am a man and all that affects mankind concerns me.”
“If the deaf have to hear, the sound has to be very loud.”
“A rebellion is not a revolution. It may ultimately lead to that end.”
“Bombs and pistols do not make a revolution. The sword of revolution is sharpened on the whetting stone of ideas.”
“Any man who stands for progress has to criticise, disbelieve and challenge every item of the old faith.”
“The aim of life is no more to control the mind, but to develop it harmoniously; not to achieve salvation hereafter, but to make the best use of it here below.”
“Merciless criticism and independent thinking are the two necessary traits of revolutionary thinking.”

Nirmala Sitharaman Attends 9th AIIB Board of Governors Meeting in Samarkand

Union Minister for Finance and Corporate Affairs Nirmala Sitharaman represented India at the 9th Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) Board of Governors meeting held in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, on September 25-26, 2024. During her visit, she also engaged in discussions with Uzbekistan’s President Shavkat Mirziyoyev on the sidelines of the meeting.

Theme of the Meeting

The theme for this year’s AIIB Board of Governors meeting was “Building Resilient Infrastructure for All,” which emphasizes the bank’s focus on developing financial tools that enable member countries to withstand climate-induced shocks. In June 2024, AIIB introduced Climate Policy-Based Financing (CPBF) to mobilize private capital, supporting member countries in fulfilling their national climate action plans. AIIB President Jin Liqun highlighted that approximately 60% of AIIB’s lending in 2024 would be directed toward climate financing.

Membership Update

During the meeting, the Board of Governors approved the Republic of Nauru’s application to join the AIIB, bringing the total membership to 110.

About AIIB Board of Governors

The Board of Governors serves as the highest decision-making body of the AIIB, with each member country appointing a Governor and an alternate Governor, typically the finance minister. From India, Nirmala Sitharaman acts as the Governor, while Ajay Seth, Secretary of the Department of Economic Affairs, serves as the alternate Governor.

About the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)

The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), operational since 2016, is a multilateral bank with China as its largest shareholder (29.9%) and India as the second largest (7.74%). AIIB provides both sovereign and non-sovereign loans, with sovereign loans guaranteed by governments and non-sovereign loans directed toward the private sector. The bank focuses on funding projects that contribute to sustainable and environmentally sound infrastructure development.

President: Jin Liqun (China)
Headquarters: Beijing, China

List of 43 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India By September 2024

List of 43 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India By July 2024

43 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India Till September 2024

As of September 2024, there are 43 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India with the recent inclusion of “Moidams – the Mound-Burial System of the Ahom Dynasty from Assam. “The Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysala, the famed Hoysala temples of Belur, Halebid, and Somananthpura in Karnataka have been added to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage list. This inclusion marks the 42nd UNESCO World Heritage Site in India and comes just a day after Rabindranath Tagore’s Santiniketan also received this distinguished recognition. The decision to include Santiniketan in the prestigious list was made during the 45th session of the World Heritage Committee, held in Saudi Arabia, reaffirming its importance on the global stage.

43 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India

The UNESCO World Heritage Convention, which was established in 1972, recognizes and protects important cultural and natural sites around the world. India has recently added two more sites to the UNESCO World Heritage list, bringing the total number of Indian sites to 42. This makes India the sixth country in the world with the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Of the 43 Indian sites, 35 are cultural, 7 are natural, and 1 is mixed (both cultural and natural).

In other words, UNESCO has recognized 43 places in India as being of outstanding universal value, worthy of protection for future generations. These sites include ancient temples, forts, palaces, caves, national parks, and wildlife sanctuaries. India’s rich cultural and natural heritage is on display in these sites, which are a must-see for any visitor to the country.

S.No	Name of Sites	Year	Location
1	Ajanta Caves	1983	Maharashtra
2	Ellora Caves	1983	Maharashtra
3	Agra Fort	1983	Agra
4	Taj Mahal	1983	Agra
5	Sun Temple	1984	Orissa
6	Mahabalipuram Monuments	1984	Tamil Nadu
7	Kaziranga National Park	1985	Assam
8	Keoladeo National Park	1985	Rajasthan
9	Manas Wildlife Sanctuary	1985	Assam
10	Churches and Convents of Goa	1986	Goa
11	Monuments of Khajuraho	1986	Madhya Pradesh
12	Monuments of Hampi	1986	Karnataka
13	Fatehpur Sikri	1986	Agra
14	Elephanta Caves	1987	Maharashtra
15	Great Living Chola Temples	1987	Tamil Nadu
16	Pattadakal Monuments	1987	Karnataka
17	Sundarbans National Park	1987	West Bengal
18	Nanda Devi & Valley of Flowers National Park	1988	Uttarakhand
19	Monuments of Buddha	1989	Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh
20	Humayun’s Tomb	1993	Delhi
21	Qutub Minar and its Monuments	1993	Delhi
22	Mountain Railways of Darjeeling, Kalka Shimla & Nilgiri	1999	Darjeeling
23	Mahabodhi Temple	2002	Bihar
24	Bhimbetka Rock Shelters	2003	Madhya Pradesh
25	Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus	2004	Maharashtra
26	ChampanerPavagadh Archaeological Park	2004	Gujarat
27	Red Fort	2007	Delhi
28	Jantar Mantar	2010	Delhi
29	Western Ghats	2012	Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra
30	Hill Forts	2013	Rajasthan
31	Rani Ki Vav (The Queen’s Stepwell)	2014	Gujarat
32	Great Himalayan National Park	2014	Himachal Pradesh
33	Nalanda	2016	Bihar
34	Khangchendzonga National Park	2016	Sikkim
35	Architectural Work of Le Corbusier (Capitol Complex)	2016	Chandigarh
36	The Historic City	2017	Ahmedabad
37	Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles	2018	Mumbai
38	The Pink City	2019	Jaipur
39	Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple	2021	Telangana
40	Dholavira	2021	Gujarat
41	Santiniketan	2023	West Bengal
42	Hoysala temples of Belur, Halebid and Somananthpura	2023	Karnataka
43	Modiams	2024	Assam

What is UNESCO World Heritage Site?

UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place that is recognized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). This is exemplified by the Convention regarding the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, accepted by UNESCO in 1972.

Criteria for UNESCO World Heritage Sites:

1. Human creative genius.
2. Interchange of values.
3. Testimony to cultural tradition.
4. Significance in human history.
5. Traditional human settlement.
6. Heritage associated with events of universal significance.
7. Natural phenomena or beauty.
8. Major stages of Earth’s history.
9. Significant ecological and biological processes.
10. The significant natural habitat for biodiversity.

List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India:

Key points about UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India:

1. Ajanta Caves

Famous for Buddhist Rock-cut Cave Monuments. It is richly decorated with Paintings and Frescoes like Sigiriya Paintings.

2. Ellora Caves

Jain and Hindu Temples and Monasteries. These caves were excavated out of Hills, and it is a rock-cut Architecture.

3. Agra Fort

This is one of the most prominent monumental structures by the Mughal empire.

4. Taj Mahal

This is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. King Shahjahan had built this structure in the memory of his third wife Begum Mumtaz Mahal.

5. Sun Temple

This temple is famous for the traditional style of Kalinga Architecture.

6. Mahabalipuram Monuments

This monument is famous for the Mahabalipuram Largest. Open Air Rock Relief, Mandapas, Chariot Temples, It is a Pallava Dynasty Architecture.

7. Kaziranga National Park

Famous for Worlds 2/3rd population of Great One-Horned Rhinoceroses. It has the highest density of Tigers in the World, Wild Water Buffalo, Elephants, Swamp Deer, and the park is also recognized as the Important Bird Area.

8. Keoladeo National Park

This National Park is popular for Man-Made Wetland Bird Sanctuary, Hotspot for Ornithologists, and Siberian Cranes.

9. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary

This sanctuary is famous for Project Tiger Reserve, Biosphere Reserve and Elephant Reserve

10. Churches and Convents of Goa

It is famous for Rome of the Orient, First Manueline, Mannerist and Baroque Art Forms in Asia, First Latin Rite Mass in Asia.

11. Monuments of Khajuraho

This monument is popular for a group of Jain and Hindu Temples. It is situated 175 km southeast of Jhansi. Well known for their Nagara style symbolism and erotic Figures and sculptures.

12. Monuments of Hampi

Prosperous kingdom of Vijayanagar. The ruins at Hampi depict the fine Dravidian style of art and architecture. The most important heritage monument in this site is the Virupaksha Temple.

13. Fatehpur Sikri

It structure constitutes of four main Monuments. The Jama Masjid, The Buland Darwaza,
Panch Mahal or Jada Baai ka Mahal, Diwane-Khas, and Diwan-eaam.

14. Elephanta Caves

It is popular for Buddhist and Hindu caves. It is situated on Island in the Arabian Sea. And has Basal Rock Caves, and Shiva Temples.

15. Great Living Chola Temples

This temple is popular for Chola Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, and Bronze Casting.

16. Pattadakal Monuments

It is popular for its Chalukya style of architecture that originated in Aihole and blended with the Nagara and Dravidian styles of architecture.

17. Sundarbans National Park

This National Park is popular as Biosphere Reserve, Largest Estuarine Mangrove Forest, Bengal Tiger, and Salt-Water Crocodile.

18. Nanda Devi & Valley of Flowers National Park

It is famous for Snow Leopard, Asiatic Black Bear, Brown Bear, Blue Sheep, and Himalayan Monal, World Network of Biosphere

19. Monuments of Buddha

It is popular for Monolithic Pillars, Palaces, Monasteries, Temples Mauryan Architecture, Ye Dharma Hetu Inscriptions.

20. Humayun’s Tomb

It is popular for the Precursors to the Taj Mahal and Mughal Architecture. It constitutes a Tomb, a Pavilion, any Water Channels, and A Bath

21. Qutub Minar and its Monuments

Includes Qutub Minar, Alai Darwaza, Alai Minar, Qubbat-ul-Islam Mosque, Tomb of Iltumish, and Iron Pillar.

22. Mountain Railways of Darjeeling, Kalka Shimla & Nilgiri

The mountain railways of India comprise of the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, the Nilgiri
Mountain Railway, and the Kalka-Shimla.

23. Mahabodhi Temple

An important religious center for the Buddhists as this was the place where Mahatma Buddha attained enlightenment. Bodh Gaya is considered as the holiest pilgrimage spot for the Buddhists.

24. Bhimbetka

It is famous for Rock Paintings within Natural Rock Shelters, Stone Age Inscriptions, Sitting Place of Bhima (Mahabharata).

25. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus

It is popular for central Railways Headquarters, Terror Attacks on Mumbai in 2008, Gothic Style Architecture.

26. ChampanerPavagadhArchaeological Park

This place is the only complete and unchanged Islamic pre-Mughal city. The park also houses some of the ancient Chalcolithic Indian Sites, from the Stone Age era.

27. Red Fort

It is popular for Shahjahanabad, Persian, Timuri and Indian Architectural Styles, Red Sandstone Architecture, Moti Masjid.

28. Jantar Mantar

Famous for Architectural Astronomical Instruments, Maharaja Jai Singh II, Largest of its kind Observatory.

29. The Western Ghats

Famous for Among World’s Ten “Hottest Biodiversity Hotspots”. Includes many National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, and Reserve Forests.

30. Hill Forts

This place is famous for its unique Rajput Military Defense Architecture. It includes six majestic forts in Chittorgarh, Kumbhalgarh, Ranthambore Fort, Gagron Fort, Amber Fort, and Jaisalmer Fort.

31. Rani Ki Vav

It is an explicit example of fine Ancient Indian architecture which is constructed during
the time of the Solanki dynasty.

32. Great Himalayan National Park

It is home to about 375 fauna species and several floral species, including some very rare
species of plants and animals such as blue sheep, snow leopard, Himalayan brown
bear, Himalayan Tahr, musk deer spruces, horse chestnuts, and huge alpine meadows.
It is a part of the Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspots.

33. Nalanda

A centre of learning and a Buddhist monastery from the 3rd century BCE to the 13th century CE.

34. Khangchendzonga National Park

The national park is famous for its fauna and flora, with snow leopard being occasionally sighted.

35. Architectural Work of Le Corbusier (Capitol Complex)

Recognized as a World Heritage Site as part of an outstanding contribution to the Modern Movement.

36. The Historic City

A walled city on the banks of Sabarmati where communities following Hinduism, Islam, and Jainism have co-existed for centuries.

37. Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles

It is a collection of 94 buildings of great cultural importance, located in the Fort Area of Mumbai.

38. The Pink City

Jaipur is home to many magnificent forts, palaces, temples, and museums and also filled to the brim with local handicrafts and trinkets.

39. Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple

The Ramappa Temple is situated in Palampet Village, Telangana. The temple is estimated to be at least 800 to 900 years old. The temple is especially known for lightweight porous bricks which are known as floating bricks

40. Dholavira

Dholavira is an architectural site situated in the Kutch district of Gujarat. It is one of the most prominent Indus Valley Civilisation sites.

41. Santiniketan

Santiniketan, the cultural and educational hub founded by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore, has earned a coveted spot on UNESCO’s World Heritage List. This recognition marks a significant milestone for India and celebrates the enduring legacy of this unique institution located in Bengal’s Birbhum district.

42. Hoysala Temples

The Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysala, the famed Hoysala temples of Belur, Halebid and Somananthpura in Karnataka have been added to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage list. This inclusion marks the 42nd UNESCO World Heritage Site in India and comes just a day after Rabindranath Tagore’s Santiniketan also received this distinguished recognition.

43. Moidams

In a significant cultural milestone for India, the “Moidams – the Mound-Burial System of the Ahom Dynasty” from Assam has been officially added to the UNESCO World Heritage List. Announced on 26th July 2024 during the 46th session of the World Heritage Committee in New Delhi, this recognition makes it the 43rd UNESCO World Heritage site from India.

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First Indian Woman to Win Booker Prize, Know Her Name

The Booker Prize is a prestigious literary award presented annually for the best original novel written in English and published in the UK. Established in 1969, it aims to promote literary excellence and recognize outstanding writers from around the world. Winning the Booker Prize can significantly elevate an author’s career and enhance the visibility of their work. In this article, we will know about the first Indian woman to win this prestigious award.

Who was the First Indian Woman to Win Booker Prize?

Arundhati Roy became the first Indian woman to win the Booker Prize in 1997 for her debut novel, The God of Small Things. The novel, which explores complex social issues in India through a lyrical and non-linear narrative, received widespread acclaim. Roy’s win brought her international recognition, and she remains a prominent figure in both literature and political activism, advocating for human rights and environmental causes.

In which Year Arundhati Roy Received the Booker Prize?

Arundhati Roy received the Booker Prize in 1997 for her debut novel, The God of Small Things. The book gained international recognition for its unique narrative style and exploration of social issues in India, making Roy the first Indian woman to win this prestigious award.

Notable Work by Arundhati Roy

Notable works by Arundhati Roy includes:

The God of Small Things – 1997
The Ministry of Utmost Happiness – 2017
The End of Imagination – 1998
The Cost of Living – 1999
The Greater Common Good – 1999
The Algebra of Infinite Justice – 2002
Power Politics – 2002
War Talk – 2003
An Ordinary Person’s Guide to Empire – 2004
Public Power in the Age of Empire – 2004
The Checkbook and the Cruise Missile – 2004
The Shape of the Beast – 2008
Listening to Grasshoppers – 2010
Broken Republic – 2011
Walking with the Comrades – 2011
Kashmir: The Case for Freedom – 2011
The Hanging of Afzal Guru – 2013
Capitalism: A Ghost Story – 2014
Things that Can and Cannot Be Said – 2016
The Doctor and the Saint – 2017
My Seditious Heart – 2019
Azadi: Freedom, Fascism, Fiction – 2020

About Booker Prize

The Booker Prize, previously known as the Booker Prize for Fiction (1969–2001) and the Man Booker Prize (2002–2019), is a highly respected literary award given annually for the best work of sustained fiction written in English. To qualify, the book must be published in the UK or Ireland. The winner receives £50,000 along with widespread international attention, often leading to a major increase in book sales. Initially, only novels by authors from Commonwealth countries, Ireland, South Africa, and later Zimbabwe, were eligible, but in 2014, the prize was opened to all English-language novels, sparking some controversy.