National Milk Day is celebrated every year on November 26 in India to recognize the immense contribution of milk and the dairy industry to the country’s growth. This day marks the birth anniversary of Dr. Verghese Kurien, also known as the Father of the White Revolution in India. Dr. Kurien’s revolutionary initiatives helped transform India into the largest milk producer in the world. This day is not just a tribute to Dr. Kurien’s legacy, but also a celebration of milk as a vital nutritional resource and an economic powerhouse for rural India.

Why is National Milk Day Celebrated?

National Milk Day highlights the importance of milk in daily life and its role in the economic development of rural India. It serves as a reminder of how the dairy industry has contributed significantly to the country’s nutritional needs, health standards, and economic prosperity. This day is especially important as it also honors the work of dairy farmers, professionals, and all those associated with the dairy sector who have played a crucial role in India’s dairy revolution.

Dr. Kurien’s pivotal role in the development of the dairy sector through Operation Flood is at the heart of this celebration. His initiatives laid the foundation for India to become a self-sufficient nation in milk production and eventually a global leader in dairy.

The Importance of Milk in Indian Households

Milk has been an integral part of Indian culture for centuries. It is not only a staple in households across the country but also serves as a nutritional powerhouse. Milk is rich in protein, calcium, and essential vitamins that are crucial for maintaining good health, particularly for children, adolescents, and elderly individuals. The health benefits of milk consumption are widely recognized, making it an essential component of a balanced diet.

Through National Milk Day, awareness is raised about the nutritional value of milk and the numerous benefits it provides. The day emphasizes the importance of milk consumption for overall health, with particular attention to its role in strengthening bones, boosting immunity, and promoting good growth in children.

Dr. Verghese Kurien: The Father of the White Revolution

Dr. Verghese Kurien played an instrumental role in transforming the dairy industry in India. He spearheaded the White Revolution, which is also known as Operation Flood. This revolutionary program, launched in 1970 by the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), aimed to increase the production and supply of milk across India.

Under Dr. Kurien’s leadership, India transitioned from a milk-deficient country to the largest milk producer in the world. Operation Flood empowered rural dairy farmers by connecting them directly with urban markets, eliminating the middlemen who had long controlled the supply chain. This initiative provided farmers, particularly women, with a steady and fair income, thereby improving their livelihoods.

Dr. Kurien’s work with the Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) led to the creation of Amul, India’s largest and most trusted dairy brand. His approach not only helped milk become more affordable and accessible but also ensured that small and marginal farmers had the resources to improve their productivity. The success of Amul and Operation Flood was a major factor in establishing India’s dominance in global milk production.

The Impact of Operation Flood

Operation Flood is considered one of the largest agricultural movements in the world. The program achieved its goal of making India self-sufficient in milk production, reducing its reliance on imported milk. The success of Operation Flood can be attributed to the following key aspects:

1. Milk Collection and Distribution Networks: The initiative created a nationwide network of milk cooperatives, which allowed milk to be collected from rural areas and distributed to urban markets. This decentralized the milk supply and made it more accessible to the masses.
2. Empowering Farmers: Operation Flood empowered millions of farmers by providing them with a stable source of income. Small-scale dairy farmers, particularly women, were able to earn a livelihood and improve their living standards.
3. Technological Advancements: The initiative introduced modern dairy farming techniques, improving productivity and the quality of milk. It also provided farmers with access to better cattle feed and veterinary care, boosting overall milk production.
4. Social and Economic Impact: Beyond the economic benefits, Operation Flood also played a significant role in social empowerment. It particularly empowered women farmers, who contributed significantly to the dairy industry. By providing financial independence, it enhanced their social standing within their communities.

National Milk Day: A Tribute to Dairy Farmers

National Milk Day is not only a celebration of the dairy industry and the contributions of Dr. Kurien, but it also serves as a platform to recognize the tireless efforts of dairy farmers. These farmers, who are often from rural areas, have been the backbone of the dairy industry. They play a critical role in maintaining India’s status as the world’s largest milk producer.

The day encourages discussions about policies and innovations that can further strengthen the dairy sector. This includes improving livelihoods, promoting sustainable farming practices, and enhancing milk quality. It also promotes the use of technology and modern dairy farming practices to improve the efficiency and productivity of milk production.

The Significance of National Milk Day in India

National Milk Day carries significant meaning for India, both from a health and economic perspective. On this day, people are reminded of the vital role that milk plays in the nutrition of millions and the economic upliftment of rural communities. The dairy industry has emerged as a critical part of India’s rural economy, providing jobs to millions of farmers and rural workers.

Milk has also contributed to the development of rural infrastructure, as dairy cooperatives have built processing plants, cooling stations, and distribution networks across the country. This has improved the quality of life in rural areas and provided communities with access to better healthcare, education, and housing.

Summary of the News

Category	Details
Why in News	National Milk Day is celebrated annually on November 26 in India to honor Dr. Verghese Kurien, the “Father of the White Revolution,” for his contributions to milk production.
Purpose	Recognizes the importance of milk in nutrition and its role in India’s economy, while celebrating the achievements of the dairy industry and Dr. Kurien’s legacy.
Role of Milk	Milk is a staple food, rich in protein, calcium, and vitamins, essential for the health of children, adolescents, and elderly individuals.
Dr. Verghese Kurien’s Contribution	Led the White Revolution (Operation Flood), making India the world’s largest milk producer, and created Amul, empowering farmers, especially women, through cooperatives.
Impact of Operation Flood	Created a nationwide milk cooperative network, eliminating middlemen, and providing a stable income for rural farmers, improving livelihoods, and enhancing productivity.
Economic Impact	Dairy farming provides millions of livelihoods in rural areas, contributing significantly to India’s rural economy and improving rural infrastructure.
Significance for India	Promotes milk’s health benefits, such as strengthening bones, boosting immunity, and promoting growth, while also empowering rural communities, especially women farmers.

 

India celebrates Constitution Day or Samvidhan Diwas annually on November 26, marking the adoption of the Indian Constitution in 1949. This historic day is a tribute to the values of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity, which form the bedrock of India’s democracy. In 2024, the nation observes the 75th Constitution Day, honouring the transformative journey and ideals that guide the republic.

As India celebrates Samvidhan Diwas 2024, it is a moment to honour the monumental efforts of the Constituent Assembly and recommit to the ideals that have shaped the nation. This day serves as a reminder of the enduring spirit of the Constitution and its role as a beacon of hope and justice for every Indian citizen.

Date and Historical Context

Constitution Day commemorates the adoption of the Constitution by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949, which later came into effect on January 26, 1950—celebrated as Republic Day. The day was formally designated as Samvidhan Diwas in 2015 by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, coinciding with Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s 125th birth anniversary.

The Indian Constitution, under the leadership of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, was designed to ensure justice, liberty, and equality for all. This document, the longest written constitution in the world, initially had 395 Articles and 8 Schedules, embodying the essence of India’s sovereignty and diversity.

Significance of Constitution Day

Honouring Constitutional Values

Constitution Day emphasizes the importance of understanding and upholding the values of the Constitution, including justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. It reminds citizens of their rights and duties, fostering unity and civic responsibility.

A Tribute to Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

Known as the “Father of the Indian Constitution,” Dr. Ambedkar’s vision ensured that the Constitution was not just a legal framework but a reflection of India’s socio-political aspirations. His iconic quote—”The Constitution is not a mere lawyer’s document; it is a vehicle of life, and its spirit is always the spirit of the age”—highlights its enduring relevance.

National Reflection

The day encourages citizens to reflect on India’s journey as a democratic nation and renew their commitment to building an inclusive, progressive, and equitable society. It also underscores the importance of active civic participation.

The Journey of Drafting the Indian Constitution

The Need for a Framework

India’s independence struggle revealed the necessity for a robust framework to guarantee justice, equality, and liberty for all citizens. The Government of India Act, 1935, served as a foundation but lacked provisions for a sovereign, democratic republic.

Formation of the Constituent Assembly

The Constituent Assembly was established in December 1946 under the Cabinet Mission Plan, comprising 389 members, later reduced to 299 after Partition. Key members included Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel, and Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

Drafting the Constitution

• The Drafting Committee, chaired by Dr. Ambedkar, prepared the initial draft.
• The Assembly deliberated over the draft in 11 sessions, spanning 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days.
• On November 26, 1949, the Assembly adopted the Constitution, establishing India as a sovereign democratic republic.

Features of the Indian Constitution

Blend of Rigidity and Flexibility

The Indian Constitution is unique for combining elements of rigidity and flexibility, drawing inspiration from global constitutions, including the British, American, and Irish Constitutions.

Comprehensive and Inclusive

At inception, the Constitution contained:

• 395 Articles organized into 22 Parts.
• 8 Schedules outlining administrative details.

Progressive Vision

The Constitution reflects a vision of an inclusive India, safeguarding citizens’ rights while emphasizing their responsibilities.

Celebrations and Observance of Constitution Day 2024

Nationwide Events

Constitution Day is celebrated with:

• Ceremonies in schools, colleges, and government institutions to promote awareness of constitutional values.
• Special sessions in Parliament to honor the contributions of the Constituent Assembly.
• Public readings of the Preamble and discussions on constitutional ideals.

75th Constitution Day

This milestone observance highlights:

• India’s progress as a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic.
• Renewed emphasis on fostering national solidarity and promoting civic participation.

Legacy of the Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution is a living document that has evolved through 105 amendments, addressing the changing needs of the nation. It remains a testament to India’s commitment to democracy, diversity, and equality, inspiring generations to uphold its principles.

Summary of Samvidhan Diwas 2024: 75th Constitution Day of India

Aspect	Details
Why in News	India celebrates the 75th Constitution Day on November 26, 2024, commemorating the adoption of the Constitution on this day in 1949.
Date of Observance	November 26, annually observed as Constitution Day (Samvidhan Diwas).
Historical Context	The Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949, and came into effect on January 26, 1950 (Republic Day).
Declaration as Constitution Day	Officially declared in 2015 to honor Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s contributions and coincide with his 125th birth anniversary.
Significance	– Promotes awareness of constitutional values, rights, and duties. – Reflects on India’s journey as a democratic nation. – Honors the vision of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the “Father of the Indian Constitution.”
Key Features of the Constitution	– Longest written constitution with 395 Articles and 8 Schedules at inception. – Combines rigidity and flexibility. – Draws inspiration from global frameworks.
Drafting Journey	– Drafted by the Constituent Assembly, formed in December 1946. – Chaired by Dr. Rajendra Prasad and Drafting Committee led by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. – Took 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days to finalize.
Celebrations in 2024	– Public readings of the Preamble. – Educational events in schools and colleges. – Special sessions in Parliament. – Nationwide emphasis on promoting justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.