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SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF

The SBI Clerk Mains Exam 2025 is expected to be conducted in April 2025, and the General Awareness (GA) section plays a crucial role in determining candidates’ overall performance. This section covers current affairs, banking awareness, and static GK, making it an essential part of the exam preparation.

To help candidates maximize their scores, we have compiled a comprehensive GA Capsule PDF covering all major topics required for the SBI Clerk Mains 2025.

Why is the GA Capsule Important for SBI Clerk Mains 2025?

The General Awareness section is one of the most scoring parts of the SBI Clerk Mains Exam. Unlike quantitative aptitude or reasoning, this section does not require calculations, allowing aspirants to answer questions quickly and accurately. A well-prepared candidate can boost their overall score significantly with proper GA preparation.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025 – Download PDF

To assist candidates in their SBI Clerk Mains 2025 preparation, we are providing a free downloadable PDF covering all the important General Awareness topics.

Download SBI Clerk General Awareness PDF (Part-1 and 2): Click Here

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Topics Covered in the SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025

  • UNION BUDGET 2025-26
  • Economic Survey 2024-25
  • Padma Awards
  • Republic Day Parade 2025
  • RBI Monetary Policy- February 2025
  • Golden Globe Awards
  • 8th Pay Commission

How to Use the GA Capsule Effectively?

  • Revise Regularly: Read the PDF daily to stay updated with important events.
  • Make Notes: Write down key points for quick revision before the exam.
  • Attempt Quizzes: Solve daily quizzes on current affairs to strengthen your knowledge.
  • Focus on Banking & Economy: Since SBI Clerk is a banking exam, prioritize banking and financial awareness.
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States and Capitals – How Many States in India?

India, a vast South Asian nation and the world’s seventh-largest by land area, is divided into 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its own capital. These states and territories are further segmented into districts. New Delhi, situated in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, serves as India’s administrative, political, and cultural hub.

The states and capitals of India weave a rich and diverse tapestry, reflecting the country’s deep cultural heritage, traditions, and innovations. Exploring these regions offers a fascinating journey through time, blending ancient legacies with modern advancements, tradition with contemporary influence, and showcasing India’s remarkable unity in diversity.

States and Capitals

In 1956, India reorganized its states according to linguistic demographics. Today, the country consists of 28 states and 8 Union Territories, home to nearly 400 cities. Among these, eight major metropolitan cities—Kolkata, Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, and Pune—are prominent. The Prime Minister has introduced a plan to develop 100 smart cities across the nation, with Indore being recognized as the Smart City for four consecutive years. Discover India’s dynamic urban landscape and its focus on modernization.

How many states in India?

India is the 7th largest country in the world by land area and the 2nd most populated. The country is divided into states and union territories so that the government can function properly. Below is a list of all 28 states, their capitals and the year they were formed.

S.NO State Capital CM Governor
1 Andhra Pradesh Amaravati Sri Nara Chandrababu Naidu S. Abdul Nazer
2 Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar Pema Khandu Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik
3 Assam Dispur Himanta Biswa Sarma Lakshman Prasad Acharya
4 Bihar Patna Nitish Kumar Arif Mohammed Khan
5 Chhattisgarh Raipur Vishnu Deo Sai Ramen Deka
6 Goa Panaji Pramod Sawant P.S. Sreedharan Pillai
7 Gujarat Gandhinagar Bhupendra Patel Acharya Dev Vrat
8 Haryana Chandigarh Nayab Singh Saini Bandaru Dattatraya
9 Himachal Pradesh Shimla Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu Shiv Pratap Shukla
10 Jharkhand Ranchi Hemant Soren Santosh Kumar Gangwar
11 Karnataka Bengaluru Siddaramaiah Thaawarchand Gehlot
12 Kerala Thiruvananthapuram Pinarayi Vijayan Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
13 Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Mohan Yadav Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel
14 Maharashtra Mumbai Devendra Fadnavis C.P. Radhakrishnan
15 Manipur Imphal N. Biren Singh
Ajay Kumar Bhalla
16 Meghalaya Shillong Conrad Kongkal Sangma
C H Vijayashankar
17 Mizoram Aizawl Lalduhoma General (Dr.) Vijay Kumar Singh, PVSM, AVSM, YSM (Retd.)
18 Nagaland Kohima Neiphiu Rio
La. Ganesan
19 Odisha Bhubaneswar Mohan Charan Majhi
Dr. Hari Babu Kambhampati
20 Punjab Chandigarh Bhagwant Singh Mann Gulab Chand Kataria
21 Rajasthan Jaipur Bhajan Lal Sharma Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde
22 Sikkim Gangtok PS Golay Om Prakash Mathur
23 Tamil Nadu Chennai M. K. Stalin R. N. Ravi
24 Telangana Hyderabad Anumula Revanth Reddy Jishnu Dev Varma
25 Tripura Agartala Dr. Manik Saha Indra Sena Reddy Nallu
26 Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Yogi Aditya Nath Anandiben Patel
27 Uttarakhand Dehradun Pushkar Singh Dhami Lt. Gen. Gurmit Singh
28 West Bengal Kolkata Mamata Banerjee Dr. C.V. Ananda Bose

Union Territories of India and Their Capitals

India has 8 union territories that are managed by the central government. Some of them have their own legislative assemblies. Below is the of these union territories and their capitals:

S.NO Union Territories Capital CM Lt. Governor
1 Andaman and Nicobar Island Port Blair NA D K Joshi
2 Chandigarh Chandigarh NA Banwarilal Purohit
3 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Daman NA Praful Patel
4 Delhi Delhi Rekha Gupta Vinai Kumar Saxena
5 Ladakh NA NA B. D. Mishra
6 Lakshadweep Kavaratti NA Praful Patel
7 Jammu and Kashmir NA Omar Abdullah Manoj Sinha
8 Puducherry Pondicherry N. Rangaswamy C. P. Radhakrishnan

Difference Between States and Union Territories

India is divided into states and Union Territories for administrative purposes. They are in different in how they are governed.

Basis of Difference States Union Territories
Head of Administration Governor Administrator or Lieutenant Governor
Government Type Elected by the People Managed by the central government
Powers Shares power with the central government. Controlled directly by the central government.

Indian States and their Languages

India is a country with a rich and diverse linguistic heritage. There are over 121 languages spoken in India, and each state has its unique linguistic landscape. The Indian Constitution recognizes 22 languages as “scheduled languages,” which are given special status in government and education.

S. No. States Language
1 Andhra Pradesh Telugu and Urdu
2 Arunachal Pradesh Miji, Apotanji, Merdukpen, Tagin, Adi, Honpa, Banging-Nishi
3 Assam Assamese
4 Bihar Hindi
5 Chhattisgarh Hindi
6 Goa Marathi Konkani
7 Gujarat Gujarati
8 Haryana Hindi
9 Himachal Pradesh Hindi and Pahari
10 Jharkhand Hindi
11 Karnataka Kannada
12 Kerala Malayalam
13 Madhya Pradesh Hindi
14 Maharashtra Marathi
15 Manipur Manipuri
16 Meghalaya Khashi, Jaintia, And Garo
17 Mizoram Mizo and English
18 Nagaland Ao, Konyak, Angami, Sema, and Lotha
19 Odisha Oriya
20 Punjab Punjabi
21 Rajasthan Rajasthani and Hindi
22 Sikkim Bhutia, Hindi, Nepali, Lepcha, Limbu
23 Tamil Nadu Tamil
24 Telangana Telugu
25 Tripura Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri, Kakborak
26 Uttar Pradesh Hindi
27 Uttarakhand Hindi
28 West Bengal Bengali

Some Key Facts About Indian States

Each state in India is unique and has something special. Here are some interesting facts about a few states:

  • Andhra Pradesh: Famous for spicy food and historical sites like Charminar.
  • Assam: Know for tea gardens and Kaziranga National Park, home to the one-horned rhinoceros.
  • Bihar: A place with a rich history, home to Bodh Gaya and the ancient city of Pataliputra.
  • Goa: Popular for beautiful beaches and a lively nightlife.
  • Kerala: Famous for its backwaters, Ayurveda treatments and lush green nature.
  • Maharashtra: Mumbai, the financial capital, is also home to Bollywood.
  • Himachal Pradesh: Known for stunning hill stations and adventure sports.
  • Tamil Nadu: Famous for classical dance forms and grand temples.

Legendary Malayalam Filmmaker Shaji N Karun Passes Away at 73

The Malayalam film industry lost a giant with the passing of Shaji N Karun, one of its most celebrated filmmakers. Known for his groundbreaking contributions to cinema, Karun’s films not only revolutionized Malayalam cinema but also earned international acclaim. His death, coming shortly after being honored with the prestigious J C Daniel Award, marks the end of an era for the industry.

Why in the News?

Shaji N Karun’s death at the age of 73 has sent shockwaves through the film industry. Known for his unique style of filmmaking and commitment to the art, Karun’s films broke boundaries and brought Malayalam cinema to global attention. His untimely death follows just days after receiving the J C Daniel Award, the highest honor for filmmakers in Kerala, a testament to his lifelong contribution to Malayalam cinema.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_6.1

Early Life and Career

  • Shaji N Karun, born Shaji Neelakantan Karunakaran, was one of the pioneers of the “new wave” movement in Malayalam cinema. His distinct narrative style, deep humanism, and attention to visual detail set him apart as a director.

First Film – Piravi (1988)

  • Karun’s debut film, Piravi, was a significant milestone in Malayalam cinema. The film, which depicted the emotional journey of a father searching for his missing son, was screened at nearly 70 international film festivals, gaining attention for its subtle yet powerful storytelling.

Swaham (1994)

  • Karun’s second film, Swaham, continued his exploration of complex human emotions and relationships. The film was nominated for the prestigious Palme d’Or at the Cannes Film Festival, showcasing his ability to appeal to international audiences while maintaining the essence of Indian storytelling.

Awards and Recognition

  • Karun’s films earned him numerous accolades, including seven National Film Awards and seven Kerala State Film Awards. His film Kutty Srank won the National Award for Best Feature Film in 2010, further cementing his place as one of India’s leading filmmakers.

Other Honors

  • Shaji N Karun was honored with the Padma Shri, one of India’s highest civilian awards, for his contributions to cinema. Additionally, he was awarded the French honor “Order of Arts and Letters” for his cultural impact.

Leadership Roles

  • Apart from his work as a filmmaker, Karun also served as the chairman of the Kerala State Chalachitra Academy and the Kerala State Film Development Corporation (KSFDC), where he worked to promote and develop the Malayalam film industry.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Legendary Malayalam Filmmaker Shaji N Karun Passes Away at 73
Age at Passing 73 years
Key Film Piravi, Swaham, Vanaprastham, Kutty Srank
International Recognition Films screened at Cannes, nominated for Palme d’Or
Awards 7 National Awards, 7 Kerala State Awards, Padma Shri
Other Honors Order of Arts and Letters (France)
Leadership Roles Chairman, Kerala State Chalachitra Academy & KSFDC

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_7.1

RBI Directs Banks to Ensure Regular Dispensing of ₹100 and ₹200 Notes

In a move aimed at improving accessibility to frequently used currency denominations, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has mandated that banks and White Label ATM Operators (WLAOs) ensure that ATMs dispense ₹100 and ₹200 denomination banknotes on a regular basis. This directive is set to roll out in phases, with specific deadlines for implementation.

Why in the news?

The RBI’s latest directive addresses a common public concern: the availability of smaller denomination notes in ATMs. By ensuring that ₹100 and ₹200 notes are available regularly, the RBI aims to make it more convenient for people to access the most commonly used denominations.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_9.1

Objective

  • The primary goal of this directive is to improve public access to ₹100 and ₹200 notes. These denominations are frequently used for everyday transactions, and the RBI wants to ensure that they are available in sufficient quantities across ATMs.

Timeline for Implementation

  • By September 30, 2025: 75% of all ATMs in India should be capable of dispensing either ₹100 or ₹200 denomination notes from at least one cassette.
  • By March 31, 2026: This figure is set to increase to 90%, meaning 90% of ATMs should regularly dispense ₹100 or ₹200 denomination notes from at least one cassette.

Targeting High-Demand Denominations

  • ₹100 and ₹200 notes are among the most commonly used denominations in India. By making them widely available through ATMs, the RBI is addressing a key issue of currency accessibility, especially in areas where people depend on ATMs for quick withdrawals.

Enhanced Public Convenience

  • This move is expected to alleviate the public’s frustration with the lack of smaller denominations in ATMs. People often face difficulties when receiving ₹500 or ₹2,000 notes, which are not as easily accepted for smaller transactions, leading to inconvenience and a reliance on currency exchanges.

Impact on ATM Operators

  • Banks and WLAOs will need to make adjustments to their ATM systems to accommodate the dispensing of ₹100 and ₹200 notes. This will require modifications to cassette systems and perhaps additional investments in infrastructure to meet the RBI’s deadlines.

Public Accessibility and Financial Inclusion

  • By ensuring these denominations are readily available, the RBI also promotes greater financial inclusion. This is particularly beneficial for lower-income groups and in rural areas where people may rely more on ATMs for their cash needs.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? RBI Directs Banks to Ensure Regular Dispensing of ₹100 and ₹200 Notes
RBI Directive Ensure ATMs dispense ₹100 and ₹200 regularly
Deadline (Phase 1) 75% of ATMs to dispense ₹100/₹200 by Sept 30, 2025
Deadline (Phase 2) 90% of ATMs to dispense ₹100/₹200 by March 31, 2026
Objective Increase access to commonly used currency denominations
Target Denominations ₹100 and ₹200 notes
Expected Outcome Improved public convenience, greater financial inclusion

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_10.1

Top Military Spenders of 2024-25: India’s Position in the Global Military Expenditure Race

In 2024-25, the global military expenditure saw a remarkable rise, with nations allocating significant portions of their GDP to defense. Among the largest spenders, India secured its place as the fifth-highest military spender globally, reinforcing its growing strategic defense capabilities. This article delves into the military spending?  of countries in 2024-25, highlighting India’s position and analyzing the trends in global defense expenditure.

Why in the News?

The rising geopolitical tensions, particularly with the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict and instability in the Middle East, have driven nations to increase their defense budgets. The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) report reveals that global military spending reached a staggering $2,718 billion in 2024, marking the steepest rise since the Cold War.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_12.1

Detailed Breakdown of Global Military Expenditure in 2024

1. United States

  • As the world’s largest military spender, the U.S. accounted for 37% of global military expenditure in 2024, with a spending of $997 billion. This reflects its ongoing military dominance and strategic investments in defense technologies.

2. China

  • The second-largest spender, China, allocated $314 billion, making up 12% of global defense expenditure. China’s rising military budget is indicative of its expanding geopolitical ambitions, particularly in the Indo-Pacific region.

3. Russia

  • Despite economic challenges, Russia’s military spending reached $149 billion, contributing 5.5% to global military expenditure. The country’s defense budget has grown in response to ongoing conflicts, most notably the war in Ukraine.

4. Germany

  • Germany saw a 28% increase in its defense budget, rising to $88.5 billion, placing it as the fourth-largest spender globally. Its increased military expenditure is attributed to the heightened security concerns in Europe, following Russia’s aggression in Ukraine.

5. India

  • India spent $86.1 billion, placing it as the fifth-largest military spender. India’s defense budget has grown by 1.6% year-on-year, reflecting its need for modernization and preparedness in an increasingly complex security environment. India’s military spending is now nine times larger than that of Pakistan, underscoring the defense disparity between the two nations.

6. United Kingdom

  • With a defense expenditure of $81.8 billion, the UK remains one of the top military spenders. Its budget allocation represents 3% of global military spending.

7. Saudi Arabia

  • Saudi Arabia allocated $80.3 billion to its military in 2024, marking a slight increase despite economic pressures. The country’s spending continues to reflect its strategic concerns, particularly in the context of regional instability.

8. Ukraine

  • Ukraine’s military budget surged to $64.7 billion in 2024, an increase of 34% due to the ongoing war with Russia. This spike is a direct result of the conflict and the urgent need for defense modernization.

9. France

  • France’s defense expenditure remained steady at $64.7 billion, maintaining its position as a major military spender. Its spending represents France’s strategic interests in Europe and Africa.

10. Japan

  • Japan spent $55.3 billion on its military in 2024, marking a significant portion of its GDP. Japan’s defense spending is aligned with its regional security concerns, particularly regarding China’s growing military presence in the Indo-Pacific.

Key Takeaways

India’s Military Spending

  • India ranks fifth globally, with an expenditure of $86.1 billion, reflecting the country’s growing defense capabilities. This is a 1.6% increase compared to 2023, and India accounts for 3.2% of global military expenditure.

Global Trends

  • Global military expenditure saw a sharp rise in 2024, driven by increasing geopolitical tensions, with Europe and the Middle East seeing the largest increases in defense budgets.

Regional Security Concerns

  • Countries like the U.S., China, and Russia continue to dominate military spending, while emerging threats in regions such as Eastern Europe (Ukraine) and the Indo-Pacific have spurred other nations like India and Japan to enhance their defense capabilities.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_13.1

RBI Imposes Fines on IOB and Mahindra & Mahindra Financial Services Limited for Non-Compliance

In a recent move to uphold regulatory discipline in the financial sector, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has imposed penalties on Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) and Mahindra & Mahindra Financial Services Limited (MMFSL) for violations of its compliance norms. These fines, stemming from RBI’s routine supervisory assessments, aim to reinforce adherence to guidelines related to loan practices, transparency in processing fees, and proper handling of collateral securities.

Why in the News?

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has recently imposed monetary fines on two prominent financial entities – Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) and Mahindra & Mahindra Financial Services Limited (MMFSL) – for failing to comply with RBI’s regulations.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_15.1

Fine Imposed on Indian Overseas Bank (IOB)

  • Amount of Fine: The RBI fined Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) a total of Rs 63.60 lakh for non-compliance with its directives regarding loans to the Agricultural sector and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).

Key Issues

  • IOB was found to have required collateral security for agricultural loans of up to Rs 1.60 lakh in certain cases, which violates the RBI’s collateral-free loan rule for loans up to Rs 2 lakh (effective from January 2025).
  • The bank also required collateral security for loans up to Rs 10 lakh extended to Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE) borrowers, which contradicts RBI’s guideline that such loans should be collateral-free.

RBI’s Collateral-Free Loan Guidelines

  • Agricultural Loans: The RBI stipulates that agricultural loans up to Rs 2 lakh should be collateral-free, up from the earlier Rs 1.60 lakh.
  • MSME Loans: Similarly, loans up to Rs 10 lakh for MSMEs should not require collateral.

Fine Imposed on Mahindra & Mahindra Financial Services Limited

  • Amount of Fine: Mahindra & Mahindra Financial Services Limited (MMFSL) was fined Rs 71.30 lakh by the RBI for multiple compliance failures.

Key Issues

  • Non-disclosure of Fees
  • Loan Agreement Disclosures
  • Failure to Provide Final Repayment Opportunity
  • Multiple Customer Identification Codes

Regulatory Oversight

  • These fines serve as a reminder of the RBI’s oversight role in ensuring that financial institutions adhere to best practices in transparency, loan disbursements, and customer rights protection.
  • RBI’s audit process involves meticulous checking of whether banks and NBFCs are following the set guidelines to protect consumers and maintain financial system integrity.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? RBI Imposes Fines on IOB and Mahindra & Mahindra Financial Services Limited for Non-Compliance
Institution Reason for Fine
Indian Overseas Bank (IOB)  Rs 63.60 lakh for Non-compliance with collateral-free loan guidelines for agricultural loans and MSMEs.
Mahindra & Mahindra Financial Services Limited (MMFSL)  Rs 71.30 lakh for Non-disclosure of processing fees, failure to provide loan details to borrowers, and improper customer IDs.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_16.1

River Cities Alliance (RCA) and Urban River Management Plans (URMPs)

Urbanization along riverbanks has historically enabled human settlements to flourish. However, rapid and unplanned urbanization has often degraded rivers, leading to ecological, social, and economic challenges. Recognizing the need to foster sustainable, river-sensitive development in cities, India has launched the River Cities Alliance (RCA) and the Urban River Management Plans (URMPs) initiative to restore and manage urban rivers holistically.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_18.1

Why in News?

The National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) has recently approved a master plan for the River Cities Alliance (RCA). This step aims to promote river-sensitive urban planning through enhanced capacity building, knowledge sharing, and expert guidance for Indian cities. The move highlights India’s commitment to restoring the health of urban rivers and integrating rivers into urban planning.

What is the River Cities Alliance (RCA)?

The River Cities Alliance (RCA) was conceptualized to help India’s river cities maintain a symbiotic relationship with their rivers.
Launched in 2021 with an initial cohort of 30 cities, the RCA has rapidly expanded and now includes over 145 cities.
It is jointly managed by:

  • National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, and
  • National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA) under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.

The RCA acts as a collaborative platform for cities to exchange best practices, receive expert support, and collectively work towards restoring the ecological health of their river ecosystems.

Key Details or Features

Urban River Management Plans (URMPs)

The URMP framework was launched in 2020 by the NIUA and NMCG as a first-of-its-kind approach to urban river management.
URMPs aim to integrate:

  • Environmental concerns,
  • Economic priorities, and
  • Social dimensions into city development policies and practices.

The URMPs promote sustainable management of river corridors through land use planning, flood risk mitigation, pollution abatement, green infrastructure, and public engagement.

Five cities have already developed URMPs:

  • Kanpur
  • Ayodhya
  • Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar
  • Moradabad
  • Bareilly

Among these, the Kham River Restoration Mission in Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar has received global recognition from the World Resources Institute for its holistic and innovative approach.

Impact/Significance

The RCA and URMP initiatives mark a transformative shift in India’s urban development philosophy:

  • They promote river-centric planning, ensuring that rivers are treated as valuable ecological assets rather than mere sources of water.
  • By fostering collaboration among cities, the RCA encourages sharing of technical expertise and innovative solutions.
  • Success stories like the Kham River Restoration highlight the potential of URMPs to achieve global standards in urban environmental management.

In the long run, these initiatives contribute significantly to the goals of Clean Ganga Mission, Smart Cities Mission, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities).

Challenges or Concerns

Despite positive progress, several challenges remain:

  • Lack of technical expertise in smaller cities for river management planning.
  • Inadequate funding for comprehensive river restoration projects.
  • Fragmented governance structures, leading to overlaps between municipal bodies and river management authorities.
  • Public apathy towards river health and the need for behavioral change at the grassroots level.

These challenges need to be addressed systematically to ensure the success and scalability of the RCA model across India.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_19.1

India Clinches Record 83 Gold Medals at the 2nd Asian Yogasana Sport Championship

India has once again affirmed its global leadership in yogic sports with a historic performance at the 2nd Asian Yogasana Sport Championship, clinching an astounding 83 gold medals. Held at the iconic KD Jadhav Arena in New Delhi, the championship brought together athletes from 21 nations, showcasing the growing appeal and competitive spirit of yogasana across Asia.

Why in the News?

India’s remarkable achievement at the 2nd Asian Yogasana Sport Championship has garnered significant attention, as the country clinched an unprecedented 83 gold medals. The championship, held in New Delhi, saw participation from 21 countries, with India emerging as the dominant force in the competition. This victory not only underscores India’s prowess in yogasana but also highlights the growing popularity of the sport across Asia.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_21.1

Historic Win for India

  • India made history by winning 83 gold medals at the 2nd Asian Yogasana Sport Championship, held at the KD Jadhav Arena, Indira Gandhi Sports Complex in New Delhi. The event concluded on April 27, 2025, and was a resounding success for India.
  • India topped the medal tally, leaving other countries far behind in the race. The achievement reflects India’s dominance and deep-rooted connection with the practice of yogasana.

Performance of Other Countries

  • Japan ranked second with a modest tally of 3 golds, 3 silvers, and 4 bronzes.
  • Mongolia, Oman, and Nepal rounded out the top five:
  • Mongolia secured 1 gold medal.
  • Oman earned 1 gold medal.
  • Nepal finished strong with 27 silver medals, though they did not win any gold.

Cultural Showcase and Closing Ceremony

  • The championship’s closing ceremony featured a colorful cultural showcase, celebrating the traditions and significance of yogasana. The event was attended by dignitaries, including Shri Harsh Malhotra, Minister of State for Corporate Affairs, and Shri Ajay Chaudhary, Additional Commissioner of Police, Delhi.
  • Senior officials from both the Asian and World Yogasana federations participated, acknowledging the global importance of yogasana.

Significance of Yogasana

  • Dr. Sanjay Malpani, President of the Asian Yogasana Federation, highlighted the importance of yogasana for both physical and mental resilience. He emphasized its role in fostering holistic well-being and societal progress.
  • Dr. Jaideep Arya, Secretary General of the World Yogasana Federation, spoke about the sport’s rapid growth and its impact on health and fitness worldwide.

India’s Continued Success in Yogasana

  • This victory adds to India’s growing recognition in the field of yogasana sport, following similar successes in previous regional and international competitions.
  • India’s dominance at the championship reflects the country’s strong tradition in yoga and the increasing popularity of yogasana as a competitive sport.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? India Clinches Record 83 Gold Medals at the 2nd Asian Yogasana Sport Championshipq
India 83 Gold
Japan 3 Gold
Championship Location Delhi
President View Highlighted the importance of yogasana for both physical and mental resilience.
President of Asia Yoga Federation Dr. Sanjay Malpani

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_22.1

African Swine Fever Outbreak in Mizoram: Over 3,000 Pigs Dead in Four Districts

Mizoram is currently grappling with a severe outbreak of African Swine Fever (ASF), which has led to the death of over 3,000 pigs within a month, primarily affecting the districts of Siaha, Lawngtlai, Lunglei, and Mamit. The outbreak has not only devastated local pig farming but also forced authorities to implement culling measures in an attempt to curb the spread of the disease.

Why in the News?

Mizoram is currently facing a significant African Swine Fever (ASF) outbreak, which has claimed the lives of over 3,000 pigs in the last month. The four affected districts—Siaha, Lawngtlai, Lunglei, and Mamit—are battling the rapid spread of this disease, which has already caused considerable financial losses.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_24.1

ASF Outbreak in Mizoram

  • Over 3,050 pigs have died due to the outbreak of African Swine Fever in four districts of Mizoram in the last month. The disease continues to spread rapidly, with 46 localities across Siaha, Lawngtlai, Lunglei, and Mamit being declared ASF-infected zones by the state’s Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department.

Impact on Local Pig Farming

  • Siaha district has been the hardest hit, with 1,651 pig deaths recorded in the area. The virus has spread quickly, especially during the state’s hot climatic conditions and intermittent rainfall, which create favorable conditions for ASF.
  • In an effort to control the disease, nearly 1,000 pigs have been culled in these districts as part of prevention measures.

Economic Losses

  • The economic loss due to ASF outbreaks in Mizoram has been devastating. In 2024 alone, the state incurred a loss of Rs 336.49 crore, with approximately 15,000 pigs dying and nearly 24,200 pigs culled to curb the virus spread.

The financial impact has been severe in previous years as well,

  • In 2023, the state lost Rs 15.77 crore due to ASF.
  • In 2022, the loss stood at Rs 210.32 crore.
  • In 2021, the state lost Rs 334.14 crore due to the combined deaths and culling of pigs.

Previous ASF Outbreaks

  • In 2023, the ASF outbreak killed 1,139 pigs and piglets, with 980 pigs culled.
  • In 2022, a total of 12,800 pigs died and 11,686 were culled due to ASF.
  • In 2021, the most severe outbreak led to the death of 33,417 pigs and piglets, and the culling of 12,568 pigs.

Compensation to Farmers

  • The government has provided compensation to over 100 families who lost their pigs due to the ASF outbreaks. This financial assistance aims to help mitigate the financial strain on local farmers who rely heavily on pig farming as a source of income.

Ongoing Efforts to Control ASF

  • The Mizoram Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department continues to monitor the situation closely, implementing quarantine measures, and providing compensation to affected families. Efforts to control ASF will likely continue to escalate as the virus continues to threaten the local pig farming industry.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? African Swine Fever Outbreak in Mizoram: Over 3,000 Pigs Dead in Four Districts
Current Outbreak Over 3,050 pigs dead in Siaha, Lawngtlai, Lunglei, and Mamit districts in the last month.
ASF-Infected Zones 46 localities declared infected by the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department.
Worst-Hit District Siaha district recorded 1,651 pig deaths.
Culling Measures Nearly 1,000 pigs culled to prevent disease spread.
Economic Loss (2024) Rs 336.49 crore loss; around 15,000 pig deaths and 24,200 pigs culled.
Economic Loss (Previous Years) 2023: Rs 15.77 crore, 2022: Rs 210.32 crore, 2021: Rs 334.14 crore.

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Manush Shah and Diya Chitale Clinch Mixed Doubles Title at WTT Contender Tunis 2025

Manush Shah and Diya Chitale have etched their names in history by clinching the mixed doubles title at the 2025 World Table Tennis (WTT) Contender Tunis. This remarkable achievement makes them only the second Indian pair to win the mixed doubles title at a WTT Contender event, following the success of Manika Batra and Sathiyan Gnanasekaran in 2021.

Why in the News?

Manush Shah and Diya Chitale have made history by winning the mixed doubles title at the 2025 World Table Tennis (WTT) Contender Tunis. Their victory marks a significant achievement, as they become only the second Indian pair to win the mixed doubles title at a WTT Contender event, following Manika Batra and Sathiyan Gnanasekaran’s triumph at the 2021 WTT Contender Budapest. The prestigious tournament took place from April 22 to April 27, 2025, in Tunis, Tunisia, offering a USD 1 lakh prize pool.

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Title Win for Manush and Diya

  • The Indian duo of Manush Shah and Diya Chitale triumphed in the mixed doubles category at the 2025 WTT Contender Tunis. The final match saw them facing the Japanese pair of Sora Matsushima and Miwa Harimoto.
  • This was a rematch of their encounter in the final of the 2025 WTT Star Contender Doha, where they had been defeated 3-0 by the Japanese duo. However, the Indian pair avenged their previous defeat by winning this match 3-2, securing their first WTT Contender title.

WTT Contender Tunis 2025

  • Held at Salle Omnisport de Rades, Tunis, Tunisia, this event is part of the WTT Contender series, which provides players with an opportunity to earn valuable ranking points. These points help players progress to higher-ranking tournaments within the WTT series.
  • The mixed doubles victory was especially significant as it was a major milestone for Manush and Diya in their growing careers on the global table tennis circuit.

Other Events and Winners

  • Women’s Singles: Miwa Harimoto (Japan) defeated Satsuki Ode (Japan) to win the Women’s Singles title, marking her third consecutive singles victory at this event.
  • Men’s Singles: Felix Leburn (France) won the Men’s Singles title by defeating Anders Lind (Denmark).
  • Women’s Doubles: Miwa Harimoto and Miyuu Kihara (Japan) triumphed over Satsuki Odo and Sakura Yokoi (Japan) to clinch the Women’s Doubles title.
  • Men’s Doubles: Benedikt Duda and Bendre Bertelsmeier (Germany) emerged as the Men’s Doubles champions after defeating Li Hechen and Wu Yifei (China).

WTT Series Overview

  • The World Table Tennis (WTT) organization was established by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) in 2019 with the goal of popularizing the sport globally.
  • The WTT organizes multiple events, including the WTT Series (the highest-tier events), the WTT Feeder Series, and the WTT Youth Series.
  • The WTT Contender series is a second-tier event, with the WTT Star Contender ranking higher than the standard WTT Contender event.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Manush Shah and Diya Chitale Clinch Mixed Doubles Title at WTT Contender Tunis 2025
Mixed Doubles Manush Shah & Diya Chitale (India)
Runner-Up Mixed Doubles Sora Matsushima & Miwa Harimoto (Japan)
Women’s Singles Miwa Harimoto (Japan)
Men’s Singles Felix Leburn (France)
Men’s Doubles Benedikt Duda & Bendre Bertelsmeier (Germany)

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Vera Gedroits: Russia’s First Female Military Surgeon and Trailblazing Medical Pioneer

Vera Gedroits was a revolutionary figure in Russian medical history, breaking gender barriers in surgery and military medicine. As the first female military surgeon and first woman physician at the Imperial Russian Court, she contributed significantly to medical practice, literature, and women’s advancement in a male-dominated profession. On her 151st birth anniversary, Google honoured her with a special Doodle celebrating her life and achievements.

Birth, Early Life, and Education

Born on 19 April 1870 in Slobodishche, within the Oryol Governorate of the Russian Empire, Vera Ignatievna Gedroits belonged to a noble family. Her parents, Daria Konstantinovna Mikhau and Prince Ignatiy Ignatievich Gedroits, raised her alongside five siblings. Deeply affected by the death of her brother Sergei, Gedroits vowed to become a doctor to alleviate human suffering.

Her early education at Bryansk Women’s Gymnasium was turbulent; she was expelled for her mischievous behavior but later readmitted with the help of industrialist S. I. Maltsov. Excelling academically, she graduated with honors in 1885. Continuing her studies in St. Petersburg, she attended anatomy courses under Professor Peter Lesgaft.

Her involvement in revolutionary movements led to her arrest in 1892, forcing her to leave Russia. Entering into a marriage of convenience with Nikolai Belozerov, she obtained a passport to study abroad. Gedroits earned her Doctor of Medicine and Surgery degree from the University of Lausanne in 1898.

Career Beginnings and Medical Practice in Russia

Following her graduation, Gedroits worked as an intern and assistant under Professor Roux in Switzerland. However, responding to her father’s urgent plea, she returned to Russia in 1900.

  • Initially working at the Maltsov Cement Factory Hospital, she performed 248 operations within a year with remarkable success rates. Alarmed by poor factory health standards, she advocated for clean drinking water, better meals, and hygiene facilities for workers.
  • Gedroits also began publishing scientific articles in Russian, German, and French medical journals. In 1902, she presented a notable surgical case at the Third Congress of Surgeons, where a patient walked again after her innovative hip joint surgery.
  • Despite holding a Swiss degree, she had to pass Russian certification exams, earning her license to practice medicine across Russia by February 1903.

Contributions During the Russo-Japanese War

In 1904, Gedroits volunteered with the Red Cross during the Russo-Japanese War. Within the first month, she treated over 9,225 patients.

As chief surgeon of the hospital train by January 1905, she pioneered laparotomies on battlefield abdominal wounds, a practice previously deemed impossible without anaesthesia. Her expertise and high success rates helped transform military medical protocols.

She also bravely organized hospital evacuations under enemy fire, personally saving key figures including the Chief-of-Staff of the Imperial Army and a Japanese Prince.

After the war, Gedroits returned to Russia and became Chief Doctor at the Lyudinovskaya Hospital in 1905, where she continued her surgical innovations.

Academic and Royal Recognition

Gedroits’ contributions to surgery were immense between 1902 and 1909, during which she published 17 scientific papers. She introduced modern European surgical standards to Russian provincial hospitals, equipping them with advanced instruments and hygiene practices.

In 1909, she was invited by Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna to become the senior resident physician at the Tsarskoye Selo Court Hospital, making her the first woman physician to the royal family. She attended to the Departments of Surgery and Gynecology and personally cared for the Tsar’s children.

In 1912, Vera Gedroits earned her Doctorate of Surgery from the University of Moscow, becoming the first woman in Russia to achieve this distinction.

Role During World War I and Revolutionary Russia

With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Gedroits led hospital preparations for wartime service. During the 1917 Russian Revolution, unable to support either the Tsar or the Provisional Government openly, she resumed military service under a revised identity.

She served the 6th Siberian Rifle Regiment and later the 5th Siberian Rifle Corps, attending to wounded soldiers during major battles such as the Battle of Galicia. Injured herself in 1918, Gedroits was hospitalized in Kiev.

During recovery, she began living with Countess Nirod, whom she later referred to as her spouse. Together, they lived quietly through turbulent times.

Later Life, Academic Work, and Publications

Post-war, Gedroits continued her commitment to surgery. She worked at the Intercession Monastery Hospital, established a clinic for maxillofacial surgery in 1919, and later joined the Kiev Medical Institute.

In 1921, she began teaching pediatric surgery, becoming a professor of medicine by 1923. Her later contributions include:

  • Publishing papers on nutrition (1924) and tuberculosis treatment (1928).
  • Writing a pediatric surgery textbook.
  • Contributing extensively to surgical journals on surgery, endocrinology, and oncology.

However, political purges in 1929 led to her dismissal and financial hardship. She bought a house on the outskirts of Kiev and continued to serve the poor through the Monastery hospital while devoting herself to writing.

Death and Legacy

In 1931, Vera Gedroits was diagnosed with womb cancer and passed away in March 1932 at the age of 61. She was buried in the Savior-Transfiguration Cemetery by Archbishop Ermogen, a former patient.

Gedroits’ remarkable legacy as a trailblazer in surgery, a military hero, and a champion for women’s roles in medicine endures as an inspiration for future generations.

President Honored 71 Individulas With Padma Awards

The Padma Awards are among India’s highest civilian honors, presented annually to individuals for their exceptional service across various fields. The awards are divided into three categories: Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri. These awards honor individuals who have made remarkable contributions in fields such as art, public affairs, science, engineering, medicine, social work, literature, and education. President Droupadi Murmu conferred the prestigious Padma Awards on 71 distinguished individuals .

Why in the News?

President Droupadi Murmu conferred the prestigious Padma Awards on 71 distinguished individuals during the Civil Investiture Ceremony held at the Rashtrapati Bhawan’s Durbar Hall.

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Padma Bhushan Awardees in the Field of Art

  • L. Subramaniam: Renowned violinist L. Subramaniam was honored with the Padma Vibhushan for his exceptional contribution to the field of music.
  • Pankaj Udhas (Posthumous): Legendary playback singer Pankaj Udhas, known for his ghazals, was posthumously awarded the Padma Bhushan. His wife, Farida Udhas, received the award on his behalf.

Other Notable Awardees

  • Nandamuri Balakrishna: The popular actor and legislator from Andhra Pradesh, Nandamuri Balakrishna, received the Padma Bhushan for his contribution to cinema and public life.
  • S. Ajith Kumar: Actor S. Ajith Kumar was also honored with the Padma Bhushan for his work in Indian cinema.
  • P.R. Sreejesh: Former Indian hockey goalkeeper, P.R. Sreejesh, was conferred the Padma Bhushan for his remarkable achievements in sports, particularly his contribution to Indian hockey.

Noteworthy Padma Shri Recipients

  • Jaspinder Narula: Playback singer Jaspinder Narula received the Padma Shri for her significant contribution to music.
  • Ravichandran Ashwin: Cricketer Ravichandran Ashwin was awarded the Padma Shri for excellence in the sport of cricket.
  • Ganeshwar Shastri Dravid: Vedic scholar Ganeshwar Shastri Dravid was recognized for his invaluable work in determining the auspicious timings for major religious events in India, such as the consecration of Ram Lalla at the Ram Janmabhoomi temple and the Kashi Vishwanath Corridor foundation ceremony.
  • Stephen Knapp: American author and researcher Stephen Knapp, known for his work on Vedic culture and spirituality, was honored with the Padma Shri for his contributions to literature and education.

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