India Explores Human Sustainability in Space under BioE3 Policy

India is poised to conduct its first-ever biological experiments aboard the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the AXIOM-4 mission, marking a crucial step in exploring the sustainability of human life in space. These experiments, in collaboration between ISRO and the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), aim to study the behavior of microalgae and cyanobacteria in microgravity. The mission falls under the broader vision of the BioE3 Policy, which promotes the use of biotechnology for sustainable development.

Why in News?

On May 16, 2025, the Union Minister of State for Science & Technology announced that India will carry out space-based biological experiments for the first time. These experiments will be launched aboard the AXIOM-4 mission to the ISS, supporting India’s efforts to establish long-term human presence in space and develop sustainable biotechnological solutions.

Key Objectives

• To assess the feasibility of human life support systems in space.
• To explore sustainable food sources using microalgae and cyanobacteria.
• To advance India’s capability in biomanufacturing and biotechnology in space environments.

About the Experiments

• Conducted as part of the AXIOM-4 ISS mission.
• Spearheaded by ISRO and DBT under the BioE3 Policy.

1. Microalgae Experiment

• Investigates how microgravity and space radiation impact growth.
• Focus on edible microalgae as a nutrient-rich food source.
• Aims to provide safe and sustainable nutrition for long-duration space missions.

2. Cyanobacteria Experiment

• Studies the growth and proteomic responses of cyanobacteria species such as Spirulina and Synechococcus.
• Uses urea- and nitrate-based media to compare growth responses.
• Explores Spirulina as a superfood due to its high protein and vitamin content.

About BioE3 Policy

• Full Form: Biotechnology for Economy, Environment, and Employment.
• Implemented by: Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology.
• Purpose: To integrate cutting-edge biotech research with India’s economic, environmental, and employment goals.
• Focus Areas: Biomanufacturing, bio-innovation, sustainability, and technology-led growth.

Significance of the Experiments

• Strengthens India’s space biosciences capability.
• Supports future human spaceflight programs, including Gaganyaan and beyond.
• Promotes food security in extraterrestrial environments.
• Aligns with India’s strategic goal of self-reliance in space research and biotech.