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SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF

The SBI Clerk Mains Exam 2025 is expected to be conducted in April 2025, and the General Awareness (GA) section plays a crucial role in determining candidates’ overall performance. This section covers current affairs, banking awareness, and static GK, making it an essential part of the exam preparation.

To help candidates maximize their scores, we have compiled a comprehensive GA Capsule PDF covering all major topics required for the SBI Clerk Mains 2025.

Why is the GA Capsule Important for SBI Clerk Mains 2025?

The General Awareness section is one of the most scoring parts of the SBI Clerk Mains Exam. Unlike quantitative aptitude or reasoning, this section does not require calculations, allowing aspirants to answer questions quickly and accurately. A well-prepared candidate can boost their overall score significantly with proper GA preparation.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025 – Download PDF

To assist candidates in their SBI Clerk Mains 2025 preparation, we are providing a free downloadable PDF covering all the important General Awareness topics.

Download SBI Clerk General Awareness PDF (Part-1 and 2): Click Here

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Topics Covered in the SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025

  • UNION BUDGET 2025-26
  • Economic Survey 2024-25
  • Padma Awards
  • Republic Day Parade 2025
  • RBI Monetary Policy- February 2025
  • Golden Globe Awards
  • 8th Pay Commission

How to Use the GA Capsule Effectively?

  • Revise Regularly: Read the PDF daily to stay updated with important events.
  • Make Notes: Write down key points for quick revision before the exam.
  • Attempt Quizzes: Solve daily quizzes on current affairs to strengthen your knowledge.
  • Focus on Banking & Economy: Since SBI Clerk is a banking exam, prioritize banking and financial awareness.
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States and Capitals – How Many States in India?

India, a vast South Asian nation and the world’s seventh-largest by land area, is divided into 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its own capital. These states and territories are further segmented into districts. New Delhi, situated in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, serves as India’s administrative, political, and cultural hub.

The states and capitals of India weave a rich and diverse tapestry, reflecting the country’s deep cultural heritage, traditions, and innovations. Exploring these regions offers a fascinating journey through time, blending ancient legacies with modern advancements, tradition with contemporary influence, and showcasing India’s remarkable unity in diversity.

States and Capitals

In 1956, India reorganized its states according to linguistic demographics. Today, the country consists of 28 states and 8 Union Territories, home to nearly 400 cities. Among these, eight major metropolitan cities—Kolkata, Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, and Pune—are prominent. The Prime Minister has introduced a plan to develop 100 smart cities across the nation, with Indore being recognized as the Smart City for four consecutive years. Discover India’s dynamic urban landscape and its focus on modernization.

How many states in India?

India is the 7th largest country in the world by land area and the 2nd most populated. The country is divided into states and union territories so that the government can function properly. Below is a list of all 28 states, their capitals and the year they were formed.

S.NO State Capital CM Governor
1 Andhra Pradesh Amaravati Sri Nara Chandrababu Naidu S. Abdul Nazer
2 Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar Pema Khandu Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik
3 Assam Dispur Himanta Biswa Sarma Lakshman Prasad Acharya
4 Bihar Patna Nitish Kumar Arif Mohammed Khan
5 Chhattisgarh Raipur Vishnu Deo Sai Ramen Deka
6 Goa Panaji Pramod Sawant P.S. Sreedharan Pillai
7 Gujarat Gandhinagar Bhupendra Patel Acharya Dev Vrat
8 Haryana Chandigarh Nayab Singh Saini Bandaru Dattatraya
9 Himachal Pradesh Shimla Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu Shiv Pratap Shukla
10 Jharkhand Ranchi Hemant Soren Santosh Kumar Gangwar
11 Karnataka Bengaluru Siddaramaiah Thaawarchand Gehlot
12 Kerala Thiruvananthapuram Pinarayi Vijayan Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
13 Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Mohan Yadav Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel
14 Maharashtra Mumbai Devendra Fadnavis C.P. Radhakrishnan
15 Manipur Imphal N. Biren Singh
Ajay Kumar Bhalla
16 Meghalaya Shillong Conrad Kongkal Sangma
C H Vijayashankar
17 Mizoram Aizawl Lalduhoma General (Dr.) Vijay Kumar Singh, PVSM, AVSM, YSM (Retd.)
18 Nagaland Kohima Neiphiu Rio
La. Ganesan
19 Odisha Bhubaneswar Mohan Charan Majhi
Dr. Hari Babu Kambhampati
20 Punjab Chandigarh Bhagwant Singh Mann Gulab Chand Kataria
21 Rajasthan Jaipur Bhajan Lal Sharma Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde
22 Sikkim Gangtok PS Golay Om Prakash Mathur
23 Tamil Nadu Chennai M. K. Stalin R. N. Ravi
24 Telangana Hyderabad Anumula Revanth Reddy Jishnu Dev Varma
25 Tripura Agartala Dr. Manik Saha Indra Sena Reddy Nallu
26 Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Yogi Aditya Nath Anandiben Patel
27 Uttarakhand Dehradun Pushkar Singh Dhami Lt. Gen. Gurmit Singh
28 West Bengal Kolkata Mamata Banerjee Dr. C.V. Ananda Bose

Union Territories of India and Their Capitals

India has 8 union territories that are managed by the central government. Some of them have their own legislative assemblies. Below is the of these union territories and their capitals:

S.NO Union Territories Capital CM Lt. Governor
1 Andaman and Nicobar Island Port Blair NA D K Joshi
2 Chandigarh Chandigarh NA Banwarilal Purohit
3 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Daman NA Praful Patel
4 Delhi Delhi Rekha Gupta Vinai Kumar Saxena
5 Ladakh NA NA B. D. Mishra
6 Lakshadweep Kavaratti NA Praful Patel
7 Jammu and Kashmir NA Omar Abdullah Manoj Sinha
8 Puducherry Pondicherry N. Rangaswamy C. P. Radhakrishnan

Difference Between States and Union Territories

India is divided into states and Union Territories for administrative purposes. They are in different in how they are governed.

Basis of Difference States Union Territories
Head of Administration Governor Administrator or Lieutenant Governor
Government Type Elected by the People Managed by the central government
Powers Shares power with the central government. Controlled directly by the central government.

Indian States and their Languages

India is a country with a rich and diverse linguistic heritage. There are over 121 languages spoken in India, and each state has its unique linguistic landscape. The Indian Constitution recognizes 22 languages as “scheduled languages,” which are given special status in government and education.

S. No. States Language
1 Andhra Pradesh Telugu and Urdu
2 Arunachal Pradesh Miji, Apotanji, Merdukpen, Tagin, Adi, Honpa, Banging-Nishi
3 Assam Assamese
4 Bihar Hindi
5 Chhattisgarh Hindi
6 Goa Marathi Konkani
7 Gujarat Gujarati
8 Haryana Hindi
9 Himachal Pradesh Hindi and Pahari
10 Jharkhand Hindi
11 Karnataka Kannada
12 Kerala Malayalam
13 Madhya Pradesh Hindi
14 Maharashtra Marathi
15 Manipur Manipuri
16 Meghalaya Khashi, Jaintia, And Garo
17 Mizoram Mizo and English
18 Nagaland Ao, Konyak, Angami, Sema, and Lotha
19 Odisha Oriya
20 Punjab Punjabi
21 Rajasthan Rajasthani and Hindi
22 Sikkim Bhutia, Hindi, Nepali, Lepcha, Limbu
23 Tamil Nadu Tamil
24 Telangana Telugu
25 Tripura Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri, Kakborak
26 Uttar Pradesh Hindi
27 Uttarakhand Hindi
28 West Bengal Bengali

Some Key Facts About Indian States

Each state in India is unique and has something special. Here are some interesting facts about a few states:

  • Andhra Pradesh: Famous for spicy food and historical sites like Charminar.
  • Assam: Know for tea gardens and Kaziranga National Park, home to the one-horned rhinoceros.
  • Bihar: A place with a rich history, home to Bodh Gaya and the ancient city of Pataliputra.
  • Goa: Popular for beautiful beaches and a lively nightlife.
  • Kerala: Famous for its backwaters, Ayurveda treatments and lush green nature.
  • Maharashtra: Mumbai, the financial capital, is also home to Bollywood.
  • Himachal Pradesh: Known for stunning hill stations and adventure sports.
  • Tamil Nadu: Famous for classical dance forms and grand temples.

Himachal Day 2025 Date, History, Significance

Every year, Himachal Day is celebrated on April 15 to mark the creation of Himachal Pradesh as a province in independent India. It is an important day that highlights the rich cultural heritage, development journey, and unity of the people of Himachal Pradesh. The state, known as the “Apple State of India,” is also a top tourist destination with stunning landscapes, snow-capped mountains, and vibrant traditions. 2025 marks the 78th Himachal Day, and it is observed as a public holiday in the state.

Historical Background

  • The term ‘Himachal’ is derived from Sanskrit, where Hima means snow and Anchal means lap – ‘Lap of the Himalayas’.

Himachal Pradesh was formed as a Union Territory on April 15, 1948, post-merger of princely states like,

  • Mandi
  • Chamba
  • Mahasu
  • Sirmour
  • 26 other princely kingdoms
  • Full statehood was granted on January 25, 1971, making Himachal the 18th state of India.
  • Capital: Shimla
  • Chief Minister (2025): Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu

Significance

  • Celebrates the unity, development, and culture of the state.
  • Reflects the government’s commitment to tribal welfare and inclusive growth.
  • Encourages tourism, art, and local traditions through parades and exhibitions.
  • CM Sukhu, during Himachal Day 2025, emphasized development in remote tribal areas like Pangi Valley (Chamba district).

Geography & Language

  • Located in the Western Himalayas.
  • Ranges: Zaskar, Pir Panjal, Dhauladhar.
  • Elevation: Many areas lie in the Alpine zone, averaging 4,500 m.
  • Major local dialects: Pahari, Kangri, Mandeali, Mahasu, Kulluvi, Kinnauri, Bilaspuri.
  • Official language: Hindi

Economy & Culture

Economy mainly based on,

  • Tourism (Hill stations like Manali, Shimla, Spiti)
  • Agriculture (especially apples, hence the nickname “Apple State”)

People celebrate Himachal Day through

  • Parades, folk dance/music
  • Traditional crafts and cuisine exhibitions

Top 5 Places to Visit in Himachal Pradesh

  • Dharamshala – Tibetan culture & the Dalai Lama’s residence
  • Manali – Snow adventure sports & scenic beauty
  • Kasauli – Colonial charm & quiet hill town
  • Spiti Valley – High-altitude desert & ancient monasteries
  • Kullu – Valley of Gods; famous for Dussehra & river rafting
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Himachal Day 2025 Date, History, Significance
Date of Himachal Day April 15
Celebrated Since 1948 (as a UT); Statehood in 1971
Statehood Day January 25, 1971
Capital Shimla
Chief Minister (2025) Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu
Significance Celebrates formation, unity, culture, and development of the state
Key Tourist Attractions Dharamshala, Manali, Kasauli, Spiti Valley, Kullu
Languages Hindi (official), with several dialects like Pahari, Mandeali, etc.
Geography Alpine zone; Himalayan ranges (Zaskar, Dhauladhar, Pir Panjal)
Main Economic Activities Agriculture (especially apples), Tourism

Which is the Longest Seawall in the World?

Seawalls are strong barriers built along the coast to protect land from sea waves, storms and floods. They help keep homes, roads and farms near the ocean safe from damage. Many countries build seawalls for protection and safety. Some seawalls are short, while others are very long. One seawall in the world is the longest ever made. Let’s explore more about this amazing seawall and why is it important.

Longest Seawall in the World

The Saemangeum Seawall in South Korea is the longest man-made seawall in the world. It is 33 kilometers (21 miles) long and separates the Yellow Sea from what used to be the Saemangeum estuary. This huge structure was built to create new land for farming, industry and a freshwater lake.

Where is it Located?

The Saemangeum Seawall is on the south-west coast of South Korea, near the city of Gunsan. It connects Buan Country to Gunsan and is part of National Route 77.

Why was Saemangeum Seawall Built?

The South Korean government wanted to turn part of the sea into land. The goal was to grow crops, build factories and create a freshwater lake. The project aimed to add about 401 square kilometers of new area. This land was expected to help produce nearly 10% of South Korea’s rice.

How was it Made?

Construction started in 1991 and took many years. The seawall was completed in 2006 and officially opened in 2010. It cost billions of Korean won and involved massive amounts of work. The wall is about 36 meters high and up to 535 meters wide at its largest point.

Environmental Impact

The project caused serious damage to nature. Over 400 square kilometers of tidal mudflats were lost. These mudflats were important resting places for thousands of birds that fly long distances every year. Because of the seawall, many bird species, like the Far Eastern Curlew, are now in danger.

Water quality inside the seawall got worse. Red tides (harmful algae) became common. Fish and shellfish populations dropped. Even the soil and water started to show signs of pollution from chemicals.

Protests and Court Cases

From teh beginning, many people, especially environmental groups, were against the project. They went to court to try to stop the building, but they were not successful. However, their efforts led to the creation of the Wetland Conservation Act in 1999, which helps protect wetlands in South Korea today.

Saemangeum Seawall, In Modern Times

Today, the area is being used for new developmental projects. A floating solar power is also being planned in the seawall’s freshwater lake area. The seawall is now seen as an important part of South Korea’s economy, though the damage to nature still raises concern.

World Art Day 2025 Date, Theme, Significance

World Art Day is observed every year on April 15 to recognize and celebrate the universal language of art. This day honors Leonardo da Vinci’s birth anniversary, symbolizing creativity, peace, and freedom of expression. It highlights the significance of art in nurturing cultural diversity, community bonding, emotional well-being, and artistic freedom. Initiated by the International Association of Art (IAA) in 2012, this global event aims to promote art education and honor artists across all disciplines.

World Art Day 2025

Date & Organization

  • Observed on: April 15 every year
  • Initiated by: International Association of Art (IAA)
  • First celebrated in: 2012 (Guadalajara, Mexico)
  • In collaboration with: UNESCO
  • Occasion marks: Leonardo da Vinci’s birth anniversary

Themes

  • 2025 Theme: “Art for Unity and Healing”
  • Focuses on emotional well-being, social harmony, and mental health through art

History & Origin

  • Idea proposed: During IAA General Assembly, 2012
  • Purpose: To promote artistic freedom, cultural inclusion, and appreciation of artists
  • Leonardo da Vinci chosen as the symbol due to his diverse talents and legacy in art and innovation

Significance

  • Honors legendary and lesser-known artists worldwide
  • Advocates for art education as part of inclusive learning
  • Promotes freedom of expression and cultural storytelling through art
  • Encourages creative engagement through all art forms – visual, performing, and digital

Forms of Art Celebrated

  • Visual arts: Painting, sculpture, architecture
  • Performing arts: Music, dance, theater
  • Literary arts: Poetry, storytelling, writing
  • Modern art forms: Cinema, digital art, graffiti

Art and Mental Well-being

Art plays a role in,

  • Reducing stress
  • Fostering empathy
  • Promoting unity in diverse societies

India’s Rich Artistic Heritage

  • Famous art styles: Madhubani, Warli, Kalighat, Tanjore
  • Classical forms: Bharatanatyam, Kathakali, Carnatic music

Iconic Indian artists

  • Rabindranath Tagore – Nobel-winning literary and visual artist
  • M.F. Husain, S.H. Raza – Modern Indian painters
  • Amrita Sher-Gil, Raja Ravi Varma, Jamini Roy, Nandalal Bose
  • Satyajit Ray – Film director and storyteller through cinema
  • Mallika Sarabhai – Dance and theater activist
  • Bhimsen Joshi – Hindustani classical music legend

Quotes by Famous Artists

  • Leonardo da Vinci: “Art is never finished, only abandoned.”
  • Vincent van Gogh: “I dream my painting and I paint my dream.”
  • Claude Monet: “I must have flowers, always, and always.”
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? World Art Day 2025 Date, Theme, Significance
Observed On April 15
Started By International Association of Art (IAA), 2012
Supported By UNESCO
Commemorates Leonardo da Vinci’s birth anniversary
2025 Theme “Art for Unity and Healing”
Key Significance Promoting art, education, mental well-being, and unity
Major Art Forms Painting, dance, music, cinema, architecture, sculpture, digital art
Notable Indian Artists Tagore, Husain, Raza, Sher-Gil, Ravi Varma, Ray, Sarabhai, Joshi
Famous Quotes By Da Vinci, van Gogh, Monet, Sher-Gil

Mohun Bagan Wins ISL 2024-25

Mohun Bagan Super Giant made history by winning the 2024-25 Indian Super League (ISL) title with a 2-1 victory over Bengaluru FC at the Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan in Kolkata. This victory was special for multiple reasons: it was the first time an ISL final was won at home, and Mohun Bagan became the first team to achieve a season double by securing both the ISL title and the ISL League Shield.

Key Match Highlights

Date & Venue

  • Date: April 13, 2025
  • Venue: Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan, Kolkata

Mohun Bagan’s Victory

  • Final Score: Mohun Bagan 2 – 1 Bengaluru FC
  • Key Scorers: Jason Cummings, Jamie Maclaren
  • Own Goal: Alberto Rodriguez (Bengaluru FC)

Match Timeline

First Half

  • Early chances for both teams, with Anirudh Thapa’s blocked shot and Ryan Williams’ attempts saved by Vishal Kaith.
  • Bengaluru FC dominated possession in midfield.
  • Several close calls with Edgar Mendez and Sunil Chhetri trying but failing to break the deadlock.

Second Half

  • 49th minute: Bengaluru FC took the lead after Alberto Rodriguez’s own goal from a Williams cross.
  • Penalty Incident (69th minute): A handball by Chinglensana resulted in a penalty for Mohun Bagan, but Cummings and Sahal missed golden chances.
  • 96th minute: Jamie Maclaren scored the match-winner after intercepting a pass from Greg Stewart and slotted it past Gurpreet.

Final Moment

  • Bengaluru FC had a chance with Sunil Chhetri’s free-kick, but it went over the bar.
  • Mohun Bagan held onto their lead and clinched their first-ever ISL final win at home.

Tactical Changes

  • Mohun Bagan’s Substitutes
  • Greg Stewart came on for Jason Cummings and provided the assist for Maclaren’s goal.

Historical Significance

  • This victory made Mohun Bagan the first team to win the ISL title at home and achieve a season double (League Shield + ISL Trophy).
  • The Mariners became the first team in ISL history to win the title at home, marking a historic achievement for the club and its fans.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Mohun Bagan Wins ISL 2024-25
Venue Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan, Kolkata
Winning Team Mohun Bagan Super Giant
Score Mohun Bagan 2-1 Bengaluru FC
Key Players (Mohun Bagan) Jason Cummings, Jamie Maclaren
Key Players (Bengaluru) Sunil Chhetri, Ryan Williams
Historical Achievement First team to win ISL final at home and achieve season double

Meghalaya Honoured with Two UIDAI Awards for Excellence in Aadhaar Implementation

Meghalaya was recognized by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) as the best-performing state in two categories: mandatory biometric updates of children and verification of adult Aadhaar enrolment. The awards were presented on April 8, 2025, in New Delhi, with Shai Kupar War, Aadhaar nodal officer from the General Administration Department, receiving them on behalf of the state. This recognition highlights Meghalaya’s commitment to effective Aadhaar rollout, even amidst resistance from protest groups like the Awaken India Movement, which questions the necessity of mandatory Aadhaar linkage for accessing welfare benefits.

Key Highlights

Awards & Recognition

  • Awarded By: UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India)
  • Event Location: New Delhi
  • Award Date: April 8, 2025
  • Award Recipient: Shai Kupar War, Aadhaar nodal officer, Meghalaya’s General Administration Department

Award Categories

  • Best-performing State in mandatory biometric updates of children
  • Best-performing State in verification of adult Aadhaar enrolment

Government Statements

  • Joram Beda, Commissioner & Secretary to the Meghalaya Government, praised the field, district, and technical teams for their contribution
  • The government emphasized that the recognition reflects a dedicated and coordinated effort across all administrative levels

About UIDAI

  • UIDAI is a statutory authority under the Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY)
  • Issues the 12-digit Aadhaar number based on biometric and demographic data
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Meghalaya Honoured with Two UIDAI Awards for Excellence in Aadhaar Implementation
Awarding Body UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India)
Award Categories 1. Biometric update of children
2. Adult Aadhaar verification
Award Received By hai Kupar War, Aadhaar Nodal Officer
Commendation From Joram Beda, Commissioner and Secretary, Meghalaya
UIDAI’s Role Issues 12-digit Aadhaar; responsible for identity management

In Which State is Shahid Chandra Shekhar Azad Bird Sanctuary Located?

The Shahid Chandra Shekhar Azad Bird Sanctuary is a peaceful place where many beautiful birds live, especially during the winter season. It is a favorite spot for bird watchers and nature lovers. The sanctuary is named after a famous freedom fighter and helps protect many kinds of birds and animals. It also has a lake, trees and clean walking paths for visitors to enjoy.

Location of the Shahid Chandra Shekhar Azad Bird Sanctuary

The Shahid Chandra Shekhar Azad Bird Sanctuary, earlier known as Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary, is a famous bird watching place in India. It is located in the Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh. This sanctuary lies on the Kanpur-Lucknow highway and has a beautiful lake surrounded by trees and wetland areas.

Name of the Sanctuary

This sanctuary was renamed in 2015 to honor freedom fighter Chandra Shekhar Azad. It is in Uttar Pradesh, a northern Indian state known for its rich wildlife and culture. The sanctuary is easy to reach from both Lucknow and Kanpur cities.

Birds in the Sanctuary

The sanctuary is home to around 250 species of birds. Many of these birds are migratory and travel from places like Siberia, China, Tibet and Europe during the winter season.

Some migratory birds seen here are:

  • Greylag goose
  • Pintail
  • Cotton teal
  • Red-crested pochard
  • Shoveller
  • Mallard

There are also many local birds, such as:

  • Sarus crane
  • Painted stork
  • Peafowl
  • King crow
  • Indian roller
  • Bee-eater

Reptiles in the Sanctuary

The sanctuary is also home to different types of snakes, list:

  • Cobra
  • Viper
  • Krait
  • Ratsnake
  • Water snakes

Hospitality and Facilities at the Sanctuary

Visitors can stay at a guesthouse inside the sanctuary. There is also a restaurant and a children’s park, making it a nice spot for family trips. People can enjoy boating and watch birds from watchtowers.

UP’s Zero Poverty Scheme to be Named After Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

On the occasion of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s 135th birth anniversary, Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath announced that the upcoming ‘Zero Poverty’ Mission will be named after Bharat Ratna Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar. The scheme aims to uplift every underprivileged and deprived individual above the poverty line. While paying tribute in Lucknow, Yogi criticized opposition parties for disrespecting Ambedkar’s legacy and emphasized the BJP’s efforts to preserve and promote his ideals. Meanwhile, BSP chief Mayawati and SP president Akhilesh Yadav also marked the occasion, offering differing political perspectives on Dalit welfare and Ambedkar’s vision.

Announcement Highlights

  • On Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s 134th birth anniversary (April 14, 2025), Uttar Pradesh CM Yogi Adityanath announced that the state’s Zero Poverty Scheme will be named in honor of Baba Saheb.
  • The announcement was made during an event at the Ambedkar Mahasabha campus in Lucknow.

Scheme Objectives

  • Aimed at eradicating poverty across UP, the most populous Indian state.
  • Seeks to provide basic amenities to all underprivileged families in a comprehensive manner.
  • Focused on saturation approach: ensuring all government benefits reach every eligible family.

Target Beneficiaries

Marginalized and tribal communities,

  • Musahar
  • Vantangia
  • Tharu
  • Sahariya
  • Gond
  • Kol

Benefits Under Scheme

  • Land allotment
  • Housing
  • Toilets under Swachh Bharat
  • Pensions
  • Ration cards
  • Ayushman Bharat health cards

Scale of Implementation

  • 14 to 15 lakh families to be provided all facilities at once.
  • Implementation through Gram Panchayats, identifying 20–25 families in each still lacking benefits.

Support from Central Schemes

Cited successful schemes under PM Narendra Modi’s leadership,

  • 80 crore people receiving free ration
  • 50 crore beneficiaries under Ayushman Bharat
  • 12 crore homes with toilets
  • 10 crore families under Ujjwala Yojana
  • 45 crore Jan Dhan accounts opened
  • 4 crore houses provided
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? UP’s Zero Poverty Scheme to be Named After Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Occasion Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s 134th birth anniversary (April 14, 2025)
Announcement by UP CM Yogi Adityanath
Scheme Name Zero Poverty Scheme to be named after Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Objective Complete eradication of poverty in UP
Target Groups Musahar, Vantangia, Tharu, Sahariya, Gond, Kol communities
Scheme Benefits Land, house, toilet, pension, ration card, Ayushman card
Scale 14–15 lakh families to be covered in one go
Gram Panchayat Focus 20–25 families per Panchayat to be saturated with all schemes
Linked Central Schemes Ayushman Bharat, Ujjwala Yojana, Jan Dhan, PM Awas, free ration, etc.
Quote from CM Yogi “Be educated. If we are educated, we won’t get distracted.”

In Which State is Points Calimere Bird Sanctuary Located?

Points Calimere Bird Sanctuary is a special place in India where many birds come to live and visit, especially during the winter season. It is known for its calm surroundings, beautiful nature and colorful birds like flamingo and pelicans. This bird sanctuary is also home to some animals and plants. People who love nature and birds visiting this peaceful and lovely place every year.

Location of Point Calimere Bird Sanctuary

Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary is located in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It lies at the southeastern tip of Nagapattinam District, where the Palk Strait meets the Bay of Bengal. The sanctuary was created in 1967. Its main purpose was to protect the blackbuck, a type of Indian antelope. It also attracts thousands of migratory waterbirds, especially greater flamingos.

Geography and Natural Features

Point Calimere Sanctuary covers 21.47 square kilometers. It is surrounded by the Bay of Bengal, Palk Strait, swampy backwaters and salt pans. It has sand dunes, tidal mud-flats, ponds and dry evergreen forests. The highest point is called Ramar Padam, where there is a small temples.

History of the Point Calimere Bird Sanctuary

In the beginning, the focus was on stopping poaching and giving water to animals. Now, water is supplied through tanks and bore wells. Tree planting has not worked well except for Casuarina trees. Since 1991, a yearly wildlife count has been done.

Flora and Fauna of the Sanctuary

This place has many types of plants like magroves, grasslands, mudflats and dry forests. There are 364 types of flowering plants and about half of them are used as medicines.

The sanctuary is home to 14 mammals, 18 reptiles and 9 amphibians. The most famous animal here is the blackbuck. Other animals include chital, jackals, monitor lizards, wild boars and dolphins. In 2002, a whale was rescued here – the first successful rescue of a stranded whale in Asia!

Birds in Point Calimere Sanctuary

The sanctuary has the second largest group of migratory waterbirds in India. Over 100,000 birds com here, including rare and endangered species. Birds come from Siberia, Russia, Central Asia and Europe during October and return in January. Some common birds are painted storks, flamingos, ibis and pelicans.

Threats to the Sanctuary

Some major problems for the sanctuary include:

  • Loss of bird habitats
  • Salt pans increasing soil salinity
  • Spread of Prosopis juliflora, an unwanted plant
  • Grazing by cattle
  • Not enough fresh water

Cultural Heritage Inside the Point Calimere Bird Sanctuary

There are also religious and historical places inside the sanctuary:

  • Ramsar Padam: A shrine with Lord Rama’s footprints
  • Mattumunian Kovil: A temple visited throughout the year
  • Avulaiganni Dargarh: A Muslim saint’s grace
  • Shevrayan Kovil: A small forest shrin

Also, there is an old Chola lighthouse and a modern lighthouse near Kodaikarai Beach.

Six New Scarab Beetles Discovered in India

India’s rich biodiversity continues to surprise as scientists discover six new species of scarab beetles in two biodiversity hotspotsNortheast India and the Western Ghats. These findings, published in the journal Zootaxa, highlight both the immense biodiversity of the region and the need for continued conservation and exploration efforts.

Key Highlights

New Beetle Species Identified (Subfamily: Sericinae)

  1. Maladera champhaiensis – Champhai, Mizoram
  2. Maladera barasingha – Named after swamp deer, due to antler-like structure
  3. Maladera lumlaensis – Lumla, Arunachal Pradesh
  4. Maladera onam – Kerala; named after the Onam festival
  5. Neoserica churachandpurensis – Churachandpur, Manipur
  6. Serica subansiriensis – Subansiri, Arunachal Pradesh

Discoverers of the Species

  • Dr. Devanshu Gupta
  • Dr. Debika Bhunia
  • Dr. Dirk Ahrens
  • Dr. Kailash Chandra

Regions of Discovery

  • Five species in Northeast India
  • One species in Kerala, Western Ghats

Biodiversity Hotspots

  • Eastern Himalayas (Northeast India): A center of endemism and evolution
  • Western Ghats: A UNESCO World Heritage site, rich in endemic species

Method of Discovery

  • Based on study of Zoological Survey of India’s National Zoological Collection
  • In collaboration with Germany’s Museum A. Koenig

Additional Contributions

  • 28 new state records added (e.g., Maladera bengalensis in Goa, M. seriatoguttata in Maharashtra)

Ecological Importance of Sericinae Beetles

  • Soil aeration, nutrient recycling, pest control
  • Some species act as agricultural pests
  • Integral to ecosystem balance and food webs

Significance

  • Highlights international cooperation in conservation science
  • Stresses need for further sampling and closing knowledge gaps
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Six New Scarab Beetles Discovered in India
Species Disocovered
  1. Maladera champhaiensis (Champhai, Mizoram)
  2. Maladera barasingha (Named after swamp deer)
  3. Maladera lumlaensis (Lumla, Arunachal Pradesh)
  4. Maladera onam (Kerala, named after Onam festival)
  5. Neoserica churachandpurensis (Churachandpur, Manipur)
  6. Serica subansiriensis (Subansiri, Arunachal Pradesh)
Discoverers Dr. Devanshu Gupta, Dr. Debika Bhunia, Dr. Dirk Ahrens, Dr. Kailash Chandra
Regions of Discovery 5 species in Northeast India, 1 species in Kerala (Western Ghats)
Biodiversity Hotspots Eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats
Discovery Method Based on Zoological Survey of India’s collections; collaboration with Museum A. Koenig, Germany
Additional Contributions 28 new state records (e.g., M. bengalensis in Goa, M. seriatoguttata in Maharashtra)
Ecological Role of Sericinae Soil aeration, nutrient recycling, pest control; some are crop pests
Scientific Significance Showcases biodiversity richness, international collaboration, and conservation need

Dr. D. Nageshwar Reddy Honoured with ‘Legends of Endoscopy’ Award in Tokyo

Dr. D. Nageshwar Reddy, Chairman of AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, has been conferred with the prestigious ‘Legends of Endoscopy’ award by a community of Japanese gastroenterologists, in recognition of his groundbreaking work in Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopy. The award was presented at the Tokyo Live Global Endoscopy 2025 event held at SHOWA Medical University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo. Dr. Reddy also conducted live demonstrations of advanced endoscopic procedures, reflecting his leadership in the global medical community.

Key Highlights

Award Received

  • ‘Legends of Endoscopy’ award title.
  • Dr. D. Nageshwar Reddy, Chairman of AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad

Event Details

  • Awarding Body: Japanese gastroenterology community
  • Event Name: Tokyo Live Global Endoscopy 2025
  • Venue: SHOWA Medical University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

Contribution Recognized

  • Pioneering advancements in Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopy
  • Dr. Reddy performed live demonstrations of complex endoscopic procedures
  • Highlights India’s prominence in global medical innovation, especially in minimally invasive GI treatments

Significance

  • Showcases Indian expertise on an international stage in advanced diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy

AIG Hospitals

  • A premier gastroenterology-focused super-specialty hospital based in Hyderabad, known for high-end research and treatment
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Dr. D. Nageshwar Reddy Honoured with ‘Legends of Endoscopy’ Award in Tokyo
Award Title Legends of Endoscopy
Awardee Dr. D. Nageshwar Reddy
Position Chairman, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad
Awarding Country Japan
Awarding Community Japanese gastroenterologists
Event Name Tokyo Live Global Endoscopy 2025
Event Venue SHOWA Medical University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo
Reason for Recognition Outstanding contributions to Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Field of Expertise Gastroenterology and Endoscopy
SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_15.1
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