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SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF

The SBI Clerk Mains Exam 2025 is expected to be conducted in April 2025, and the General Awareness (GA) section plays a crucial role in determining candidates’ overall performance. This section covers current affairs, banking awareness, and static GK, making it an essential part of the exam preparation.

To help candidates maximize their scores, we have compiled a comprehensive GA Capsule PDF covering all major topics required for the SBI Clerk Mains 2025.

Why is the GA Capsule Important for SBI Clerk Mains 2025?

The General Awareness section is one of the most scoring parts of the SBI Clerk Mains Exam. Unlike quantitative aptitude or reasoning, this section does not require calculations, allowing aspirants to answer questions quickly and accurately. A well-prepared candidate can boost their overall score significantly with proper GA preparation.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025 – Download PDF

To assist candidates in their SBI Clerk Mains 2025 preparation, we are providing a free downloadable PDF covering all the important General Awareness topics.

Download SBI Clerk General Awareness PDF: Click Here

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Topics Covered in the SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025

  • UNION BUDGET 2025-26
  • Economic Survey 2024-25
  • Padma Awards
  • Republic Day Parade 2025
  • RBI Monetary Policy- February 2025
  • Golden Globe Awards
  • 8th Pay Commission

How to Use the GA Capsule Effectively?

  • Revise Regularly: Read the PDF daily to stay updated with important events.
  • Make Notes: Write down key points for quick revision before the exam.
  • Attempt Quizzes: Solve daily quizzes on current affairs to strengthen your knowledge.
  • Focus on Banking & Economy: Since SBI Clerk is a banking exam, prioritize banking and financial awareness.
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States and Capitals – How Many States in India?

India, a vast South Asian nation and the world’s seventh-largest by land area, is divided into 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its own capital. These states and territories are further segmented into districts. New Delhi, situated in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, serves as India’s administrative, political, and cultural hub.

The states and capitals of India weave a rich and diverse tapestry, reflecting the country’s deep cultural heritage, traditions, and innovations. Exploring these regions offers a fascinating journey through time, blending ancient legacies with modern advancements, tradition with contemporary influence, and showcasing India’s remarkable unity in diversity.

States and Capitals

In 1956, India reorganized its states according to linguistic demographics. Today, the country consists of 28 states and 8 Union Territories, home to nearly 400 cities. Among these, eight major metropolitan cities—Kolkata, Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, and Pune—are prominent. The Prime Minister has introduced a plan to develop 100 smart cities across the nation, with Indore being recognized as the Smart City for four consecutive years. Discover India’s dynamic urban landscape and its focus on modernization.

How many states in India?

India is the 7th largest country in the world by land area and the 2nd most populated. The country is divided into states and union territories so that the government can function properly. Below is a list of all 28 states, their capitals and the year they were formed.

S.NO State Capital CM Governor
1 Andhra Pradesh Amaravati Sri Nara Chandrababu Naidu S. Abdul Nazer
2 Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar Pema Khandu Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik
3 Assam Dispur Himanta Biswa Sarma Lakshman Prasad Acharya
4 Bihar Patna Nitish Kumar Arif Mohammed Khan
5 Chhattisgarh Raipur Vishnu Deo Sai Ramen Deka
6 Goa Panaji Pramod Sawant P.S. Sreedharan Pillai
7 Gujarat Gandhinagar Bhupendra Patel Acharya Dev Vrat
8 Haryana Chandigarh Nayab Singh Saini Bandaru Dattatraya
9 Himachal Pradesh Shimla Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu Shiv Pratap Shukla
10 Jharkhand Ranchi Hemant Soren Santosh Kumar Gangwar
11 Karnataka Bengaluru Siddaramaiah Thaawarchand Gehlot
12 Kerala Thiruvananthapuram Pinarayi Vijayan Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
13 Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Mohan Yadav Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel
14 Maharashtra Mumbai Devendra Fadnavis C.P. Radhakrishnan
15 Manipur Imphal N. Biren Singh
Ajay Kumar Bhalla
16 Meghalaya Shillong Conrad Kongkal Sangma
C H Vijayashankar
17 Mizoram Aizawl Lalduhoma General (Dr.) Vijay Kumar Singh, PVSM, AVSM, YSM (Retd.)
18 Nagaland Kohima Neiphiu Rio
La. Ganesan
19 Odisha Bhubaneswar Mohan Charan Majhi
Dr. Hari Babu Kambhampati
20 Punjab Chandigarh Bhagwant Singh Mann Gulab Chand Kataria
21 Rajasthan Jaipur Bhajan Lal Sharma Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde
22 Sikkim Gangtok PS Golay Om Prakash Mathur
23 Tamil Nadu Chennai M. K. Stalin R. N. Ravi
24 Telangana Hyderabad Anumula Revanth Reddy Jishnu Dev Varma
25 Tripura Agartala Dr. Manik Saha Indra Sena Reddy Nallu
26 Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Yogi Aditya Nath Anandiben Patel
27 Uttarakhand Dehradun Pushkar Singh Dhami Lt. Gen. Gurmit Singh
28 West Bengal Kolkata Mamata Banerjee Dr. C.V. Ananda Bose

Union Territories of India and Their Capitals

India has 8 union territories that are managed by the central government. Some of them have their own legislative assemblies. Below is the of these union territories and their capitals:

S.NO Union Territories Capital CM Lt. Governor
1 Andaman and Nicobar Island Port Blair NA D K Joshi
2 Chandigarh Chandigarh NA Banwarilal Purohit
3 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Daman NA Praful Patel
4 Delhi Delhi Rekha Gupta Vinai Kumar Saxena
5 Ladakh NA NA B. D. Mishra
6 Lakshadweep Kavaratti NA Praful Patel
7 Jammu and Kashmir NA Omar Abdullah Manoj Sinha
8 Puducherry Pondicherry N. Rangaswamy C. P. Radhakrishnan

Difference Between States and Union Territories

India is divided into states and Union Territories for administrative purposes. They are in different in how they are governed.

Basis of Difference States Union Territories
Head of Administration Governor Administrator or Lieutenant Governor
Government Type Elected by the People Managed by the central government
Powers Shares power with the central government. Controlled directly by the central government.

Indian States and their Languages

India is a country with a rich and diverse linguistic heritage. There are over 121 languages spoken in India, and each state has its unique linguistic landscape. The Indian Constitution recognizes 22 languages as “scheduled languages,” which are given special status in government and education.

S. No. States Language
1 Andhra Pradesh Telugu and Urdu
2 Arunachal Pradesh Miji, Apotanji, Merdukpen, Tagin, Adi, Honpa, Banging-Nishi
3 Assam Assamese
4 Bihar Hindi
5 Chhattisgarh Hindi
6 Goa Marathi Konkani
7 Gujarat Gujarati
8 Haryana Hindi
9 Himachal Pradesh Hindi and Pahari
10 Jharkhand Hindi
11 Karnataka Kannada
12 Kerala Malayalam
13 Madhya Pradesh Hindi
14 Maharashtra Marathi
15 Manipur Manipuri
16 Meghalaya Khashi, Jaintia, And Garo
17 Mizoram Mizo and English
18 Nagaland Ao, Konyak, Angami, Sema, and Lotha
19 Odisha Oriya
20 Punjab Punjabi
21 Rajasthan Rajasthani and Hindi
22 Sikkim Bhutia, Hindi, Nepali, Lepcha, Limbu
23 Tamil Nadu Tamil
24 Telangana Telugu
25 Tripura Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri, Kakborak
26 Uttar Pradesh Hindi
27 Uttarakhand Hindi
28 West Bengal Bengali

Some Key Facts About Indian States

Each state in India is unique and has something special. Here are some interesting facts about a few states:

  • Andhra Pradesh: Famous for spicy food and historical sites like Charminar.
  • Assam: Know for tea gardens and Kaziranga National Park, home to the one-horned rhinoceros.
  • Bihar: A place with a rich history, home to Bodh Gaya and the ancient city of Pataliputra.
  • Goa: Popular for beautiful beaches and a lively nightlife.
  • Kerala: Famous for its backwaters, Ayurveda treatments and lush green nature.
  • Maharashtra: Mumbai, the financial capital, is also home to Bollywood.
  • Himachal Pradesh: Known for stunning hill stations and adventure sports.
  • Tamil Nadu: Famous for classical dance forms and grand temples.

The Tin Bigha Corridor is Located on the Border of Which two Countries?

The Tin Bigha Corridor is a narrow strip of land that holds historical and political importance. It connects an isolated area with its mainland, helping people access essential services like healthcare, education and markets. The corridor was created after years of agreements between two neighboring countries. It plays a key role in promoting better relations and ensuring the smooth movement of people and goods.

Tin Bigha Corridor is Located on the Border of Which two Countries?

The Tin Bigha Corridor is a narrow strip of land on the border between India and Bangladesh. It connects the Dahagram-Angarpota enclave in Bangladesh with its mainland. The corridor is important as it follows people living in the enclave to access essential services like healthcare and education. It also symbolizes cooperation between the two neighboring countries.

Location and Size of Tin Bigha Corridor

The Tin Bigha Corridor is situated in the Cooch Behar district of West Bengal, India, near the Lalmonirhat district of Bangladesh. It is approximately 178 meters long and 85 meters wide.

History of the Corridor

The corridor’s creation begin with the Indira Gandhi-Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Treaty signed on May 16, 1974. Under this agreement, India and Bangladesh planned to exchange territories to settle border disputes. However, due to political issues, the corridor could not be transferred immediately. In 2011, India leased the corridor to Bangladesh, allowing its citizens to use the road permanently.

Purpose and Significance of Tin Bigha Corridor

The corridor connects the Dahagram-Angarpota enclave to Bangladesh’s mainland. Before the corridor was fully open, people faced hardships due to limited access. After October 19, 2011, it was opened 24 hours a day, making travel and access to healthcare easier.

Current Status of the Corridor

Today, the Tin Bigha Corridor is fully operational. It is guided by Indian Border Security Forces (BSF) and Bangladeshi security to ensure safe and smooth passage. The corridor has improved the lives of the enclave’s residents by providing better access to essential services.

Which Country is Known as the Land of Lilies?

Many countries around the world are known by unique names because of their special features. Some are famous for their mountains, rivers or forests, while others are known for their flowers. One such country is recognized for its stunning and colorful lilies. These beautiful flowers cover the fields and gardens, making the country famous for its floral beauty and attracting nature lovers from all over.

Land of Lilies

Canada is sometimes referred to as the “Land of Lilies” because of the fleur-de-lis symbol. This symbol is linked to Canada’s monarchy and official emblems. The fleur-de-lis appears on the coast of arms, the governor general’s flag and other national symbols.

Why is Canada Known as the Land of Lilies?

Canada is sometimes called the “Land of Lilies” because of the fleur-de-lis symbol, which represents its royal heritage and French influence, especially in Quebec. Here are some reasons, why Canada earned the title of “Land of Lilies”:

Lily Symbol and the Monarchy

Canada is sometimes called the “Land of Lilies” because of the fleur-de-lis symbol. The fleur-de-lis is a stylized lily flower that represents royalty. It appears on Canada’s coat of arms, the governor general’s flag and other official symbols.

Quebec’s Connection to the Lily

The fleur-de-lis is also the symbol of Quebec, a province in Canada. It represents Quebec’s French heritage and appears on the Quebec flag. This symbol is a reminder of the French influence on Canadian culture.

Historical Background

In the past, Canada was part of Nouvelle-France, a French colony. During that time, the fleur-de-lis was used to represent the colony. This is why the nickname “Land of Lilies” is linked to Canada’s French colonial history.

An Overview of Canada

Canada is a large country in North America and the second-largest in the world by area. It stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and reaches into the Arctic. Canada has a population of over 38 million. It is a federal parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarchy. The official languages are English and French, and the capital city is Ottawa.

Which Ocean is Known as the Herring Pond?

The world’s oceans have many interesting nicknames based on their unique features, marine life or historical significance. Some oceans are named after famous explorers, while others are called by unusual names due to the large presence of certain fish species. One particular ocean is famously known as the “Herring Pond” because of the abundance of a specific type of fish found in its water.

Herring Pond

The Atlantic Ocean is often called the “Herring Pond” or simply “the Pond.” This informal name comes from the large population of Atlantic herring (a type of fish) found in the ocean. The term is also used as a metaphor to describe the cultural and social difference between Europe and North America.

Why is Atlantic Ocean Called the Herring Pond?

The Atlantic Ocean is home to huge schools of Atlantic herring (scientific name: Clupea harengus). These fish are very common in the northern Atlantic, where they gather in large groups. Since herring are so abundant, people humorously started calling the ocean the “Herring Pond.”

Metaphorical Meaning

The term “the Pond” is also used in a figurative way. It highlights the differences between Europe North America. When they say “the other side of the pond,” they mean North America. It is a casual way to describe the transatlantic divide.

Historical Origin

The term “Herring Pond” has been used since the 17th century. It was mentioned in a pamphlet written during the reign of Charles I of England. Francis Windebank, the Secretary of State at that time, referred to the Atlantic as the “great pond.”

About the Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest ocean in the world. It lies between the Americas on the west and Europe and Africa on the east. It stretches from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south. The Atlantic has an S-shape and is known for its diverse marine life and strong ocean currents.

Nidhi Tiwari Appointed as Private Secretary to Prime Minister Narendra Modi

The government has officially appointed Indian Foreign Service (IFS) officer Nidhi Tiwari as the Private Secretary to Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) issued a memorandum on March 29, 2025, confirming her appointment with immediate effect.

Who is Nidhi Tiwari?

Background and Career in Civil Services

Nidhi Tiwari is a distinguished officer of the Indian Foreign Service (IFS) with extensive experience in diplomatic and governmental affairs. She has served in various capacities across different ministries and departments within the government.

Previous Roles and Contributions

Deputy Secretary at Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) (November 2022 – March 2025):

  • Played a crucial role in assisting with high-level administrative and diplomatic affairs.
  • Coordinated between different governmental departments and ministries for policy implementation.

Under Secretary, Ministry of External Affairs – Disarmament and International Security Affairs Division:

  • Focused on international security strategies and India’s stance on global disarmament initiatives.
  • Worked closely with international organizations and foreign diplomats to strengthen India’s diplomatic relationships.

Appointment as Private Secretary to PM Modi

Approval and Official Notification

According to the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), Nidhi Tiwari’s appointment was formally approved and announced by the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) on March 29, 2025. Her appointment is expected to further enhance the efficiency and coordination of the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO).

Significance of the Appointment

  • Strengthens PMO Operations: With her extensive experience in both foreign affairs and internal administration, Tiwari is expected to play a key role in managing the Prime Minister’s engagements.
  • Women Representation in Key Roles: Her appointment marks another milestone in women’s leadership in high-ranking government positions.
  • Foreign Policy Expertise: Given her background in international security affairs, she is likely to contribute significantly to India’s foreign policy decisions and strategic engagements.

Summary of the News

Aspect Details
Why in News? Nidhi Tiwari appointed as the Private Secretary to Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
Official Notification Issued by the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) on March 29, 2025.
Previous Role Deputy Secretary at PMO (November 2022 – March 2025).
Past Experience Under Secretary in Ministry of External Affairs’ Disarmament and International Security Affairs Division.
Significance Enhances PMO efficiency, boosts women’s representation in leadership, and strengthens India’s foreign policy.

Sagarmala Programme Completes 10 Years Since Implementation

Launched in March 2015, the Sagarmala Programme is the flagship initiative of the Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways aimed at transforming India’s maritime sector. With a 7,500 km coastline, 14,500 km of potentially navigable waterways, and a strategic location on global trade routes, India has immense potential for port-led economic growth. Sagarmala focuses on modernizing ports, enhancing connectivity, promoting industrial development, and boosting coastal shipping and inland waterways to reduce logistics costs and improve trade competitiveness.

As a key pillar of the Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047 (MAKV), Sagarmala plays a vital role in India’s goal to become a global maritime leader. Through strategic investments, the program supports port modernization, industrialization, sustainability, and coastal community development. The Sagarmala 2.0 initiative and the Sagarmala Startup Innovation Initiative (S2I2) are expected to further drive maritime infrastructure, shipbuilding, innovation, and economic expansion, aligning with India’s vision for Viksit Bharat and Atmanirbhar Bharat 2047.

Key Highlights of the Sagarmala Programme

  • Total Projects: 839 projects identified, worth ₹5.79 lakh crore.
  • Completed Projects: 272 projects completed, with an investment of ₹1.41 lakh crore.
  • Coastal Shipping Growth: 118% increase in coastal shipping over the last decade, reducing logistics costs.
  • Inland Waterways Boom: 700% surge in inland waterway cargo movement, easing road and rail congestion.
  • Ro-Pax Ferries: 40 lakh+ passengers benefited, improving coastal connectivity.
  • Global Port Rankings: 9 Indian ports among the world’s top 100, with Vizag ranking in the top 20 container ports globally.
  • Sagarmala 2.0 Investment: ₹40,000 crore budgetary support to unlock ₹12 lakh crore investments over the next decade.
  • Sagarmala Startup Innovation Initiative (S2I2): Launched to support Research, Innovation, Startups, and Entrepreneurship (RISE) in maritime technology.

Components of the Sagarmala Programme

  • Port Modernization & Development – Upgrading and mechanizing ports to improve efficiency.
  • Port Connectivity Enhancement – Strengthening road, rail, and waterway links to reduce logistics costs.
  • Port-Led Industrialization – Developing industrial clusters near ports to promote economic growth.
  • Coastal Community Development – Enhancing livelihoods through skill development, fisheries, and tourism.
  • Coastal Shipping & Inland Water Transport – Boosting environmentally friendly transportation alternatives.

Funding & Implementation

  • Public-Private Partnership (PPP): Encouraging private investment in port infrastructure.
  • Internal & Extra Budgetary Resources (IEBR): Utilizing existing financial resources of port authorities.
  • Government Grants: Funding for projects with high social impact, including coastal skill development and tourism.
  • Sagarmala Development Company Limited (SDCL): Supporting project Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) for implementation.

Future Roadmap: Sagarmala 2.0 & S2I2

Sagarmala 2.0

  • Focus on shipbuilding, repair, recycling, and port modernization.
  • ₹40,000 crore budgetary support to unlock ₹12 lakh crore investments.
  • Aligning with Viksit Bharat & Atmanirbhar Bharat 2047.

Sagarmala Startup Innovation Initiative (S2I2)

  • Supporting startups in green shipping, smart ports, maritime logistics, and coastal sustainability.
  • Providing funding, mentorship, and industry collaborations.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Sagarmala Programme Completes 10 Years Since Implementation
Launch Year March 2015
Implementing Body Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways
Total Projects 839 projects worth ₹5.79 lakh crore
Completed Projects 272 projects, ₹1.41 lakh crore investment
Coastal Shipping Growth 118% increase in the last decade
Inland Waterway Cargo Growth 700% rise in cargo movement
Ro-Pax Ferry Passengers 40 lakh+ passengers benefited
Global Port Rankings 9 Indian ports in top 100, Vizag in top 20
Sagarmala 2.0 Investment ₹40,000 crore budget, aiming ₹12 lakh crore investments

Microsoft Celebrates 50 Years: A Legacy of Computing and the Future of AI

Microsoft, one of the most influential technology companies in the world, is celebrating its 50th anniversary on April 4, 2025. Over the past half-century, the company has shaped the landscape of personal computing, cloud computing, and enterprise software. As it marks this milestone, Microsoft is now positioning itself as a leader in the rapidly evolving field of artificial intelligence (AI) to drive future growth.

The Evolution of Microsoft: From PCs to the Cloud

Founding Vision: A Computer in Every Home and Office

Microsoft was founded in 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in Albuquerque, New Mexico with the vision of making computers accessible to individuals and businesses. Originally named “Micro-Soft”, the company played a crucial role in the PC revolution, developing operating systems and productivity tools that became industry standards.

From MS-DOS to Windows: The Rise of a Tech Giant

One of Microsoft’s earliest breakthroughs was the MS-DOS operating system, which gained prominence after being adopted by IBM for its personal computers. This led to the development of Windows, which revolutionized computing with its graphical user interface (GUI) and became the dominant OS worldwide.

Microsoft Office: The Cornerstone of Business Productivity

Alongside Windows, Microsoft Office—comprising Word, Excel, and PowerPoint—became an essential tool for businesses and individuals alike. Despite competition from Google Docs, Microsoft Office remains a market leader, thanks to continuous innovation and adaptation to cloud-based services.

The Shift to Cloud Computing

Under the leadership of Satya Nadella, who became CEO in 2014, Microsoft transitioned towards a cloud-first strategy. The company expanded its Azure cloud computing services, directly competing with Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Google Cloud. This shift transformed Microsoft’s revenue model, moving away from traditional software sales to a subscription-based approach.

Microsoft’s Challenges and Competitions

The Struggle in Consumer Tech: Social Media and Search

Despite its dominance in enterprise software, Microsoft has faced challenges in consumer technology:

  • Bing Search Engine (2009): Microsoft launched Bing to compete with Google Search, but it continues to lag behind.
  • LinkedIn Acquisition (2016): Microsoft acquired LinkedIn to strengthen its presence in the social media space. While LinkedIn has grown steadily, it still does not match Facebook, Instagram, or X (formerly Twitter) in reach and influence.
  • Xbox and Gaming: Microsoft’s Xbox consoles have been successful, especially with the acquisition of Activision Blizzard, but it still competes with Sony PlayStation and Nintendo.
  • Potential TikTok Acquisition: Microsoft is among the contenders to buy TikTok, which faces a U.S. ban unless it separates from its China-based parent company ByteDance.

The AI Race: Can Microsoft Compete?

Artificial intelligence is now at the forefront of Microsoft’s strategy. The company has invested heavily in AI-powered solutions, including:

  • A multibillion-dollar stake in OpenAI, the creators of ChatGPT.
  • Integrating AI into Bing and other Microsoft products.
  • Expanding AI capabilities within Azure Cloud Services.

However, despite these efforts, analysts believe Microsoft lags behind AWS and Google in AI innovation due to its lack of in-house AI chips and foundational models. Independent analyst Jack Gold predicts that Google Cloud’s revenue could surpass Microsoft Azure in the next two years.

Future Outlook: Microsoft’s Next 50 Years

As Microsoft celebrates its 50th anniversary, its future success will depend on:

  • AI Leadership: Strengthening its AI capabilities to remain competitive.
  • Cloud Computing Growth: Expanding Azure to challenge AWS and Google Cloud.
  • Consumer Engagement: Improving its presence in search, social media, and mobile technology.
  • Strategic Acquisitions: Potential deals like TikTok could give Microsoft an edge in the consumer tech space.

Summary of the News

Aspect Details
Why in News? Microsoft is celebrating its 50th anniversary and positioning itself as a leader in AI.
Founders Bill Gates and Paul Allen (Founded in 1975).
Early Breakthroughs MS-DOS, Windows, and Microsoft Office revolutionized computing.
Cloud Computing Shift Azure competes with AWS and Google Cloud under Satya Nadella’s leadership.
Consumer Tech Struggles Bing struggles against Google, LinkedIn competes with Meta, and Microsoft seeks to acquire TikTok.
AI Investments Stake in OpenAI, AI-powered Bing, and cloud-based AI solutions.
Challenges in AI Lags behind AWS and Google due to lack of in-house AI chips and foundational models.
Future Outlook Strengthen AI innovation, expand Azure Cloud, improve consumer engagement, and explore strategic acquisitions.

 

President of India Inaugurates National Conference on ‘Environment – 2025’

The President of India, Smt. Droupadi Murmu, inaugurated the National Conference on ‘Environment – 2025’ in New Delhi on March 29, 2025. In her address, she emphasized that environmental protection should be a continuous effort integrated into daily life. She stressed the moral responsibility of leaving a clean and sustainable environment for future generations. The President highlighted India’s commitment to green initiatives and the role of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) in environmental governance. She also urged individuals and institutions to actively contribute to environmental conservation, ensuring a balance between development and ecological sustainability.

Key Highlights of the National Conference on ‘Environment – 2025’

1. Conference Overview

  • Event: National Conference on ‘Environment – 2025’
  • Venue: New Delhi
  • Date: March 29-30, 2025
  • Organized by: National Green Tribunal (NGT)

Objective

  • Discuss environmental challenges and sustainable solutions.
  • Promote best practices in environmental conservation.
  • Strengthen collaboration among key stakeholders.

2. President Droupadi Murmu’s Key Messages

  • Environmental responsibility is a daily commitment, not just an occasional initiative.
  • The future generations will inherit the environmental choices we make today.
  • Ensuring clean air, safe drinking water, and rich biodiversity is as crucial as education and career planning.
  • The Indian tradition emphasizes nourishment and protection of nature, not exploitation.
  • India has successfully met many of its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) ahead of schedule.
  • NGT’s role in environmental justice and governance has been significant in shaping policies.
  • India aims for global green leadership and sustainable development by 2047.

3. Role of the National Green Tribunal (NGT)

  • NGT plays a vital role in enforcing environmental laws and ensuring climate justice.
  • It has given historic judgments that impact public health, biodiversity, and environmental protection.
  • NGT’s work aligns with India’s commitment to sustainable development.

4. India’s Environmental Leadership

  • India has taken major green initiatives that serve as a model for the world.
  • The nation is committed to balancing modern development with environmental sustainability.
  • By 2047, India envisions becoming a developed nation with clean air, water, and green spaces.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? President of India Inaugurates National Conference on ‘Environment – 2025’
Event National Conference on ‘Environment – 2025’
Venue New Delhi
Organized by National Green Tribunal (NGT)
Chief Guest President Droupadi Murmu
Key Focus Environmental challenges, sustainable solutions, and green leadership
NGT’s Role Enforcing environmental laws, ensuring climate justice
India’s Vision Developed nation by 2047 with clean air, water, and greenery
Call to Action Collective responsibility for environmental sustainability

Which City of Israel is Known as The Big Orange?

Many places around the world have unique nicknames that reflect their culture, history or special features. These nicknames often come from famous landmarks, industries or local produce. Some are inspired by fruits, colors or even animals, making them memorable and interesting. Such nicknames help people easily recognize and identify these places, giving them a distinct identity in the world.

An Overview of Israel

Israel is a country in West Asia, located in the Middle East. It shares borders with Lebanon and Syria to the north, Jordan to the east and Egypt to the southwest. It also has a coastline along the Mediterranean Sea. The country’s capital is Jerusalem, while Tel Aviv is its largest urban area and economic hub. Israel also borders the Dead Sea and the Red Sea.

Which City of Israel is known as the Big Orange?

The city of Tel Aviv-Yafo in Israel is known as “The Big Orange.” This nickname comes from its connection to the Jaffa orange, a famous citrus fruit once exported from the region. Jaffa, now part of Tel Aviv, was a major port for orange exports. The city’s vibrant and lively nature, similar to New York City, also inspired the fruity nickname.

Why is Tel Aviv Yafo Known as the Big Orange?

Tel Aviv-Yafo is known as “The Big Orange” because of its historical connection to the Jaffa orange, a famous citrus fruit, now part of Tel Aviv, was once a major port city exporting these oranges worldwide. The sweet, seedless fruit became a symbol of the region’s economy. The nickname also reflects Tel Aviv’s vibrant and energetic vibe, similar to New York City, which is called “The Big Apple.”

An Overview of Tel Aviv Yafo

Tel Aviv-Yafo, often called Tel Aviv, is a vibrant Mediterranean city and Israel’s economic and cultural hub. It was formed by merging the ancient port of Jaffa (Yafo) with the modern city of Tel Aviv. Located on the Mediterranean coast, it lies about 40 miles towards of Jerusalem. Founded in 1909, it began as a Jewish garden suburb of Jaffa.

PM Modi Unveils Special Summer Vacation Calendar for Children

On March 30, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi introduced a unique summer vacation calendar for children, encouraging them to develop new hobbies and enhance their skills. During his monthly Mann Ki Baat address, he reminisced about his childhood summer activities and highlighted various learning opportunities available today, from technology camps to environmental and leadership courses. Modi also emphasized the importance of water conservation, tackling textile waste, and promoting yoga, while urging children and parents to share their holiday experiences under #HolidayMemories.

Key Highlights

Summer Vacation Calendar & MY-Bharat Initiative

  • PM Modi launched a special summer vacation calendar for children.
  • Encouraged children to develop new hobbies and skills.
  • MY-Bharat Calendar offers unique learning experiences, including:
  • Study tours to Jan Aushadhi Kendras (low-cost medicine stores).
  • Visits to border villages under the Vibrant Village Campaign.
  • Participation in cultural and sports activities.
  • Ambedkar Jayanti Padyatra to promote awareness about the Constitution.
  • Urged organizations to share summer activity details with #MyHolidays.

Water Conservation & ‘Catch the Rain’ Campaign

  • Stressed the importance of water conservation during summer.
  • Highlighted Jal Sanchay-Jan Bhagidari Abhiyan to promote community participation.
  • Thousands of artificial ponds, check dams, borewell recharge projects, and community soak pits are being developed.
  • Reiterated the role of the Catch the Rain campaign in preserving water resources.

Addressing Textile Waste

  • PM Modi raised concerns about increasing textile waste.
  • Stated that India is the third-largest generator of textile waste globally.
  • Less than 1% of textile waste is recycled into new clothes.
  • Indian startups are working on textile recovery, sustainable fashion, and empowering ragpickers.
  • Initiatives include recycling old clothes into useful items like handbags, stationery, and toys.

Promoting Yoga & Traditional Medicine

  • Emphasized the global recognition of Indian yoga and traditional medicine.
  • Urged citizens to integrate yoga into their daily lives.
  • Mentioned the upcoming International Yoga Day.

Encouraging Indigenous Products & Flowers

  • Highlighted the production of Mahua flower cookies in Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh.
  • These cookies are gaining popularity due to their nutritional benefits.
  • Spoke about the Krishna Kamal flower and invited people to share stories of unique flowers in their regions.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? PM Modi Unveils Special Summer Vacation Calendar for Children
Summer Vacation Calendar Encourages children to learn new skills through the MY-Bharat initiative.
MY-Bharat Learning Activities Includes visits to Jan Aushadhi Kendras, border villages, cultural events, and the Ambedkar Jayanti Padyatra.
Water Conservation Promotes Jal Sanchay-Jan Bhagidari Abhiyan and Catch the Rain campaign to enhance water harvesting.
Textile Waste Management India is the 3rd largest generator of textile waste; startups focus on sustainable fashion and textile recycling.
Yoga & Traditional Medicine Encourages people to practice yoga; highlights global interest in Indian traditional medicine.

Anahat Singh & Kareem El Torkey Win Indian Open 2025 Squash Titles

The Indian Open 2025 PSA Copper event, held at Bombay Gymkhana, Mumbai, from March 24-28, 2025, saw Anahat Singh and Kareem El Torkey clinch the women’s and men’s singles titles, respectively. This was Anahat Singh’s 11th PSA title, reinforcing her dominance as India’s number one-ranked women’s squash player. Meanwhile, Egypt’s Kareem El Torkey, ranked world no. 64, triumphed over India’s Abhay Singh in the men’s final. The $53,500 prize money event was the highest-rated PSA tournament in India since 2018 and marked the first-ever PSA Copper event hosted in the country.

Key Highlights of Indian Open 2025

1. Tournament Overview

  • Event: Indian Open 2025 PSA Copper
  • Venue: Bombay Gymkhana, Mumbai
  • Dates: March 24-28, 2025
  • Prize Money: $53,500

Court Setup

  • Quarterfinals, Semifinals & Final: Played on a full-glass outdoor court.
  • Other Matches: Played indoors.

Significance

  • Highest-rated PSA event in India since 2018.
  • First-ever PSA Copper event held in India.
  • Squash will debut at the 2028 Los Angeles Summer Olympics.

2. Women’s Singles: Anahat Singh’s Victory

  • Winner: Anahat Singh (India)
  • Runner-up: Helen Tang (Hong Kong)
  • Final Score: 3-0

Achievements

  • 11th PSA title of her career.
  • Second consecutive title in 2025 (after winning the SRFI Indian Tour PSA Challenger in Chennai).
  • Won 9 PSA titles in 2024.
  • Currently India’s top-ranked women’s squash player.

3. Men’s Singles: Kareem El Torkey’s Triumph

  • Winner: Kareem El Torkey (Egypt, World No. 64)
  • Runner-up: Abhay Singh (India, World No. 54)
  • Final Score: 3-1
  • Path to Victory: Defeated three Indian players, including third seed Velavan Senthilkumar, en route to the final.

4. About the Professional Squash Association (PSA)

  • Founded: 1974 (originally as International Squash Professional Association (ISPA)).
  • Renamed: World Squash Federation (1992) → Professional Squash Association (1993).
  • Headquarters: Leeds, England.
  • Men’s President: Saurav Ghoshal (India).
  • Women’s President: Sarah-Jane Perry (England).
  • Governing Body: Regulates global men’s and women’s squash events.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Anahat Singh & Kareem El Torkey Win Indian Open 2025 Squash Titles
Tournament Indian Open 2025 PSA Copper
Venue Bombay Gymkhana, Mumbai
Dates March 24-28, 2025
Prize Money $53,500
Women’s Champion Anahat Singh (India)
Men’s Champion Kareem El Torkey (Egypt)
Women’s Runner-up Helen Tang (Hong Kong)
Men’s Runner-up Abhay Singh (India)
PSA Headquarters Leeds, England
PSA Men’s President Saurav Ghoshal (India)
PSA Women’s President Sarah-Jane Perry (England)
GA Power Capsule
SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_16.1

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