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Lionel Messi Honoured with the US Presidential Medal of Freedom

Lionel Messi, captain of the Argentina men’s football team and one of the greatest footballers of all time, was honoured with the United States Presidential Medal of Freedom, the country’s highest civilian award. This recognition marks a significant milestone in his illustrious career, making him the first male footballer to receive this prestigious honour. Messi, however, could not attend the ceremony held at the White House due to prior commitments.

Messi’s Historic Achievement

Lionel Messi is now part of an elite group, as the second footballer ever to receive the US Presidential Medal of Freedom. The first was Megan Rapinoe, an American women’s football star, who was honoured in 2022.

Currently, Messi plays for Inter Miami CF, a Major League Soccer (MLS) club in the United States, further cementing his global influence both on and off the pitch. His recognition is a testament to his unparalleled contribution to the sport and his impact on fans and cultures worldwide.

The Award Ceremony

The prestigious award was presented by US President Joe Biden at the White House. Biden’s term as the 46th President of the United States concludes on January 19, 2025, with Donald Trump expected to be sworn in as the 47th President on January 20, 2025.

The award ceremony celebrated a total of 19 distinguished individuals for their contributions to various fields. Among the recipients were prominent personalities such as:

  • Hillary Clinton – Former Secretary of State
  • George Soros – Philanthropist
  • Denzel Washington – Actor
  • Michael J. Fox – Actor
  • Magic Johnson – Basketball player

About the US Presidential Medal of Freedom

The US Presidential Medal of Freedom is the highest civilian honor in the United States, equivalent to India’s Bharat Ratna. This award recognizes individuals—both American citizens and foreigners—for their contributions to:

  1. The national interest or security of the United States
  2. Cultural or other significant public or private endeavors
  3. World peace

Historical Background

  • Established in 1945: Initially created by then-President Harry Truman to honor civilians for their contributions during World War II.
  • Renamed and Expanded in 1963: President John F. Kennedy redefined the scope of the award, making it inclusive of cultural, public, and humanitarian achievements.
  • First Medal Awarded Posthumously: The first US Presidential Medal of Freedom was awarded during President Lyndon B. Johnson’s administration after Kennedy’s assassination.

Medal Design

The medal is suspended on a blue ribbon and incorporates the color scheme of the American Presidential Seal. Its centerpiece is a white star surrounded by 13 smaller gold stars, symbolizing unity and heritage. The recipient’s name is engraved on the reverse side of the medal.

Lionel Messi’s Legacy

A Career of Unparalleled Achievements

Lionel Messi, an Argentine football legend, is widely regarded as one of the greatest footballers in history. Known for his technical prowess, vision, and extraordinary consistency, Messi’s accolades include:

  • Record 8 Ballon d’Or Awards: Recognized as the best football player in the world.
  • FIFA Player of the Year 2009: His first major individual global honor.
  • 2022 FIFA World Cup Champion: Led Argentina to their third World Cup title in Qatar.
  • Golden Ball Winner (2022): Awarded to the tournament’s best player.

Contribution to Football

Messi’s impact goes beyond his achievements. His journey from Rosario, Argentina, to becoming a global icon represents resilience and inspiration for millions. His leadership during the 2022 FIFA World Cup solidified his place in football history, guiding Argentina to victory with exemplary performances.

Significance of the Recognition

This honour places Lionel Messi in a unique position as a global ambassador for football and a role model for aspiring athletes. His receipt of the US Presidential Medal of Freedom highlights the growing influence of football in the United States and around the world.

Summary of the News

Category Details
Why in News Lionel Messi was honored with the United States Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the USA.
Significance – First male footballer to receive the award. – Second footballer overall after Megan Rapinoe (2022).
Award Ceremony – Held at the White House on January 5, 2025. – Presented by US President Joe Biden.
Other Recipients Notable honorees include: – Hillary Clinton (Former Secretary of State) – George Soros (Philanthropist) – Denzel Washington (Actor) – Michael J. Fox (Actor) – Magic Johnson (Basketball player).
About the Award – The highest civilian honor in the United States. – Recognizes contributions to national interest, cultural endeavors, or world peace. – Equivalent to India’s Bharat Ratna.
Historical Background – Established in 1945 by President Harry Truman to honor civilians during WWII. – Renamed and expanded by President John F. Kennedy in 1963 to include cultural and humanitarian achievements.
Design of the Medal – Suspended on a blue ribbon. – Features a white star surrounded by 13 gold stars. – Recipient’s name engraved on the reverse side.
About Lionel Messi – Argentine football legend, widely regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time. – Record 8 Ballon d’Or wins. – Key role in Argentina’s 2022 FIFA World Cup victory in Qatar. – Currently plays for Inter Miami CF in Major League Soccer (USA).
Impact – Recognized for his unparalleled contribution to football. – A global ambassador for football and a role model for aspiring athletes worldwide.

 

December Month Current Affairs PDF 2024: Download Monthly PDF

Welcome to the December 2024 edition of the Monthly PDF – your one-stop resource for all the significant news events from the past month. This comprehensive compilation is meticulously organized to aid you in preparing for the General Awareness section of various competitive examinations. We have carefully curated information from reputable sources such as The Hindu, Indian Express, Mint, PIB, and NewsOnAir to ensure that your study time is utilized efficiently.

Staying informed about current events is very important for doing well in competitive exams, and it requires setting aside dedicated time for study. The Monthly PDF has been created to assist you in your preparations. It is available as a PDF download on our website every month. This monthly compilation contains all the major news stories from the past month. It is designed to be an easy-to-use reference to help make your revision process smoother and more effective. Use the 2024 Monthly PDF to improve your exam preparation efforts.

Which examinations will the Monthly PDF be helpful for?

The Monthly PDF is a useful study material for many competitive exams that have a section on General Awareness or Current Affairs. This includes exams like UPSC Civil Services, State Public Service Commission exams, Staff Selection Commission (SSC) exams, Bank Probationary Officer exams, Railway recruitment exams, and various other government job tests. It is also helpful for those preparing for entrance exams to get into higher education courses like MBA programs, law courses (CLAT exam), and more.

The categories included in the Monthly PDF are as follows:

  • Banking and Financial Current Affairs: Updates on banking and finance sector developments.
  • Economy Current Affairs: Key economic changes and updates.
  • Business Current Affairs: Important events in the business world.
  • International Current Affairs: Major global news and international relations.
  • National Current Affairs: Significant happenings within the country.
  • States Current Affairs: News specific to different states.
  • Schemes/Committees: Information on new schemes and committee formations.
  • Agreement/Memorandum of Understanding (MoU): Key agreements and MoUs signed.
  • Appointments/Resignations (National & International): Notable appointments and resignations.
  • Ranks and Reports: Important rankings and reports released.
  • Sports Current Affairs: Updates from the sports world.
  • Summits And Conferences: Major summits and conferences held.
  • Awards & Recognition: Recognition and awards bestowed.
  • Important Days: Observance of significant days.
  • Defence Current Affairs: News related to defence and security.
  • Science and Technology: Breakthroughs and advancements in science and tech.
  • Books & Authors: Notable publications and authors.
  • Miscellaneous Current Affairs: Other important news items.
  • Obituaries: Remembering significant personalities who have passed away.

December 2024 Monthly PDF: Important News Updates

  • PM Rashtriya Bal Puraskar Awards 2024
  • Sahitya Akademi Awards 2024
  • Monetary Policy Meeting Dec 2024
  • 24th BIMSTEC Summit
  • FIDE World Chess Championship 2024
  • QS World University Rankings
  • Travel and Tourism Development Index 2024
  • Exercise Harimau Shakti
  • Good Governance Day
  • National Mathematics Day

How to Download the December 2024 Monthly PDF?

Here are the steps to access the December 2024 Monthly PDF:

  1. Click on the Monthly PDF link provided below.
  2. A form from ADDA247 will open.
  3. Fill in your name, email, and other required information in that form.
  4. Click on the Submit button.
  5. After submitting the form, you will receive a link to download the Monthly PDF for December 2024.

Click Here to download The Hindu Review December 2024

Lionel Messi Honoured with the US Presidential Medal of Freedom_5.1

Today’s Top Stories Quiz 7th January Edition

To secure government jobs, aspirants need to clear competitive exams like SSC, Banking, Railways, and state-level tests. These exams assess skills in reasoning, quantitative aptitude, general knowledge, and current affairs. Staying updated with recent events is crucial for enhancing general awareness, which often plays a decisive role in success.

Q1. Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 13-km section of the Delhi-Meerut Regional RRTS corridor. What is the full form of RRTS?

(a) Rapid Rail Transit System

(b) Railway Regional Transport Service

(c) Regional Rapid Transit System

(d) Rapid Regional Transit System

Q2. Which state team won the 2024 Santosh Trophy?

(a) Kerala

(b) Goa

(c) West Bengal

(d) Tamil Nadu

Q3. Where was India’s first baby of Generation Beta, Frankie Remruatdika Zadeng, born?

(a) Shillong

(b) Aizawl

(c) Guwahati

(d) Imphal

Q4. What is the motto of the Grameen Bharat Mahotsav 2025?

(a) “Growing Together, Thriving Together”

(b) “गांव बढ़े, तो देश बढ़े” (“If villages grow, the country grows”)

(c) “Empower the Villages, Empower the Nation”

(d) “Unity in Diversity”

Q5. Jallikattu Festival celebrated in which state?

(a) Nagaland

(b) Kerala

(c) Odisha

(d) Tamil Nadu

Q6. What is the name of the mascots for the Kho Kho World Cup 2025?

(a) Vikram and Veda

(b) Tejas and Tara

(c) Krishna and Radha

(d) Shiva and Shakti

Q7. What is the ‘Faral Sakhi’ initiative launched by the Mira Bhayandar Municipal Corporation (MBMC)?

(a) A project for supporting women in traditional snack production

(b) A program for training women in digital marketing

(c) A scheme for rural women’s education

(d) An initiative for health and wellness among women

Q8. By how much did domestic migration decrease in India in 2023, according to the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM)?

(a) 10 million

(b) 20 million

(c) 53.7 million

(d) 100 million

Q9. Who first established National Bird Day?

(a) World Wildlife Fund (WWF)

(b) Avian Welfare Coalition

(c) BirdLife International

(d) National Audubon Society

Q10. What is the primary objective of the ‘Panchayat Se Parliament 2.0’ program?

(a) To celebrate the tribal culture with Governance

(b) To empower women by enhancing their understanding of governance

(c) To train women in administration 

(d) To promote women in Local government 

S1. Ans. (c)
Sol. Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 13-km section of the RRTS corridor on January 5, 2025, which connects Sahibabad (Uttar Pradesh) to New Ashok Nagar (Delhi). Full form as a Regional Rapid Transit System.

Correct Answer: Regional Rapid Transit System

Key Points:

  • PM Modi Flags Off Namo Bharat RRTS: 40-Min Delhi-Meerut Ride
  • Inauguration Date: January 5, 2025
  • Section Opened: Sahibabad to New Ashok Nagar (13 km)
  • Total Corridor Length: 82 km (Sarai Kale Khan to Modipuram)
  • Travel Time: New Ashok Nagar to Meerut South: Under 40 minutes
  • About RRTS:  With semi high-speed rail connectivity at its core, the RRTS is an integrated, mass transit network.
  • It aims to ensure balanced and sustainable urban development through better connectivity and access across the NCR.

S2. Ans. (c)

Sol. West Bengal won the 2024 Santosh Trophy, securing a record-extending 33rd title.

Correct Answer: West Bengal

Key Points:

  • Champion: West Bengal
  • Runner-Up: Kerala
  • Final Score: 1-0
  • Key Highlights of the Santosh Trophy
  • Founded: 1941
  • Organizer: Initially Indian Football Association (IFA), later AIFF
  • Named After: Sir Manmatha Nath Roy Chowdhury, Maharaja of Santosh
  • Most successful team: West Bengal with 33 titles

S3. Ans. (b)

Sol. Frankie Remruatdika Zadeng was born in Aizawl, Mizoram, at Synod Hospital in Durtlang.

Correct Answer: Aizawl

Key Points:

  • India’s first Generation Beta baby, Frankie Remruatdika Zadeng, was born on January 1, 2025, in Aizawl, Mizoram.
  • Name: Frankie Remruatdika Zadeng
  • What is Generation Beta?: Term coined by Australian futurist Mark McCrindle for children born between 2025-2039.
  • Represents the demographic cohort succeeding Generation Alpha (2010-2024).
  • Symbolizes a new generational era marked by technological and societal shifts.

S4. Ans. (b)

Sol. The motto of the Mahotsav is “गांव बढ़े, तो देश बढ़े” (“If villages grow, the country grows”).

Correct Answer: “गांव बढ़े, तो देश बढ़े” (“If villages grow, the country grows”)

Key Points:

  • PM Narendra Modi inaugurated the Grameen Bharat Mahotsav 2025 in New Delhi on January 4, 2025. 
  • The event is themed “Building a Resilient Rural India for a Viksit Bharat 2047” and focuses on empowering rural entrepreneurs and promoting rural innovation.
  • Organizers: Co-organized by the Ministry of Finance (Department of Financial Services) and NABARD.
  • Event Duration: January 4 to January 9, 2025.
  • Motto: “गांव बढ़े, तो देश बढ़े” (If villages grow, the country grows).
  • Products Highlighted: Geographical Indication (GI)-certified goods, organic products, tribal products, and handlooms.

S5. Ans. (d)
Sol. Jallikattu is a traditional bull-taming sport in Tamil Nadu, celebrated during the Pongal harvest festival.

Correct Answer: Tamil Nadu

Key Points:

  • The festival is a celebration of nature and thanksgiving for a bountiful harvest, with cattle worship being an integral part.
  • Jallikattu is primarily popular in the Jallikattu belt, which includes Madurai, Tiruchirappalli, Theni, Pudukkottai, and Dindigul districts.
  • The sport is controversial, facing criticism from animal rights groups and the courts.

S6. Ans. (b)

Sol. The mascots are Tejas and Tara, a duo of gazelles symbolizing brilliance, energy, guidance, and aspiration.

Correct Answer: Tejas and Tara

Key Points:

  • Tejas: Symbolizes brilliance and energy, depicted in blue.
  • Tara: Represents guidance and aspiration, depicted in orange.
  • Both mascots sport traditional Indian motifs on their attire, symbolizing Kho Kho’s cultural heritage and modern appeal.
  • Dates: January 13-19, 2025
  • Location: Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, New Delhi
  • Participants: 21 men’s and 20 women’s teams from 24 countries
  • Governing Body: Sports Authority of India (SAI)
  • Men’s Trophy: Blue Trophy (represents trust, determination, universal appeal)
  • Women’s Trophy: Green Trophy (represents growth, vitality)

S7. Ans. (b)

Sol. The ‘Faral Sakhi’ initiative aims to empower women entrepreneurs in traditional snack production, particularly festive snacks called ‘Faral’.

Correct Answer: A project for supporting women in traditional snack production

Key Points:

  • Mira Bhayandar Municipal Corporation (MBMC) and NITI Aayog’s Women Entrepreneurship Platform (WEP) launched the ‘Faral Sakhi’ initiative to empower women entrepreneurs. During Diwali, over 3 tons of snacks were sold under this initiative.
  • Objective: To support women entrepreneurs in traditional snack production by providing training, kitchen facilities, and marketing support.
  • Collaborating Partners: Mira Bhayandar Municipal Corporation (MBMC) and Women Entrepreneurship Platform (WEP) of NITI Aayog.

S8. Ans. (c)

Sol. Domestic migration decreased by 53.7 million in 2023, as per the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM).

Correct Answer: 53.7 million

Key Points:

  • Decline in rural-to-urban migration in India, with the migration rate falling from 37.6% (2011) to 28.9% (2023).
  • Domestic Migration Decline: Total domestic migration dropped by 53.7 million in 2023, an 11.8% reduction compared to 2011.
  • Economic Migration Decline: Economic migration decreased from 45 million (2011) to 40 million (2023).
  • Rural Workforce Dependence: 46.1% of the workforce engaged in agriculture in 2023-24, up from 42.5% in 2017-18.

S9. Ans. (b)

Sol. National Bird Day was first established in 2002 by the Avian Welfare Coalition to promote bird conservation.

Correct Answer: Avian Welfare Coalition

Key Points:

  • National Bird Day, observed annually on January 5, raises awareness about bird conservation.
  • Established By: Avian Welfare Coalition in 2002.
  • Purpose: Highlight the ecological significance of birds, their conservation, and challenges they face.
  • Historical Context: Initiated to address bird welfare in the wild and captivity.
  • Coincides with the early 20th-century wild bird preservation movement.

S10. Ans. (b)

Sol. The primary objective is to empower elected women representatives from Scheduled Tribes by enhancing their understanding of constitutional provisions, parliamentary procedures, and governance.

Correct Answer: To empower women by enhancing their understanding of governance

Key Points:

  • National Commission for Women (NCW), in collaboration with the Lok Sabha Secretariat and the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, inaugurated ‘Panchayat Se Parliament 2.0’ at the Central Hall of Samvidhan Sadan. 
  • This initiative commemorates the 150th birth anniversary of Bhagwan Birsa Munda, a revered tribal leader and freedom fighter.
  • Event Date: Launched on January 6, 2025.
  • Participants: 502 elected women representatives from 22 states and Union Territories, mainly from tribal communities.
  • Objective: To train women leaders on constitutional provisions, governance, and parliamentary procedures.

82nd Annual Golden Globe Awards (2025)

The 82nd Annual Golden Globe Awards, held on January 5, 2025, at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California, celebrated the achievements of the film and television industries over the past year. From performances to direction, scriptwriting, and musical achievements, the event highlighted exceptional talent and groundbreaking works in both the motion picture and television sectors. Notable winners included Adrien Brody for Best Actor in a Motion Picture — Drama for The Brutalist, and Zoe Saldaña for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Emilia Pérez. The ceremony was historic, with Nikki Glaser becoming the first woman to host the Golden Globes solo. Below is a summary of the winners and nominees across various categories.

Key Highlights of Event

Golden Globe 2025 Key Winners and Nominees

Category Winners Nominees
Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture — Drama Adrien Brody, “The Brutalist” Timothée Chalamet, “A Complete Unknown”
Daniel Craig, “Queer”
Colman Domingo, “Sing Sing”
Ralph Fiennes, “Conclave”
Sebastian Stan, “The Apprentice”
Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture — Drama Fernanda Torres, “I’m Still Here” Pamela Anderson, “The Last Showgirl”
Angelina Jolie, “Maria”
Nicole Kidman, “Babygirl”
Tilda Swinton, “The Room Next Door”
Kate Winslet, “Lee”
Best Motion Picture — Drama “The Brutalist” “A Complete Unknown” “Conclave”
“Dune: Part Two”
“Nickel Boys”
“September 5”
Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in any Motion Picture Zoe Saldaña, “Emilia Pérez” Ariana Grande, “Wicked”
Selena Gomez, “Emilia Pérez”
Felicity Jones, “The Brutalist”
Margaret Qualley, “The Substance”
Isabella Rossellini, “Conclave”
Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in Any Motion Picture Kieran Culkin, “A Real Pain” Yura Borisov, “Anora”
Edward Norton, “A Complete Unknown”
Guy Pearce, “The Brutalist”
Jeremy Strong, “The Apprentice”
Denzel Washington, “Gladiator II”
Best Performance by an Actress in a Television Series — Musical or Comedy Jean Smart, “Hacks” Kristen Bell, “Nobody Wants This”
Quinta Brunson, “Abbott Elementary”
Ayo Edebiri, “The Bear”
Selena Gomez, “Only Murders in the Building”
Kathryn Hahn, “Agatha All Along”
Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series — Drama Hiroyuki Sanada, “Shōgun” Donald Glover, “Mr. & Mrs. Smith”
Jake Gyllenhaal, “Presumed Innocent”
Gary Oldman, “Slow Horses”
Eddie Redmayne, “The Day of the Jackal”
Billy Bob Thornton, “Landman”
Best Screenplay — Motion Picture Peter Straughan, “Conclave”
Jacques Audiard, “Emilia Pérez”
Sean Baker, “Anora”
Brady Corbet, Mona Fastvold, “The Brutalist”
Jesse Eisenberg, “A Real Pain”
Coralie Fargeat, “The Substance”
Best Original Song — Motion Picture “El Mal,” by Clément Ducol, Camille, and Jacques Audiard (from “Emilia Pérez”)
“Beautiful That Way,” by Miley Cyrus, Lykke Li and Andrew Wyatt (from “The Last Showgirl”)
“Compress/Repress,” by Trent Reznor, Atticus Ross & Luca Guadagnino (from “Challengers”)
“Forbidden Road,” by Robbie Williams, Freddy Wexler & Sacha Skarbek (“Better Man”)
Best Motion Picture — Non-English Language “Emilia Pérez” “All We Imagine as Light”
“The Girl with the Needle”
“I’m Still Here”
“The Seed of the Sacred Fig”
“Vermiglio”
Best Director — Motion Picture Brady Corbet, “The Brutalist”
Jacques Audiard, “Emilia Pérez”
Sean Baker, “Anora”
Edward Berger, “Conclave”
Coralie Fargeat, “The Substance”
Payal Kapadia, “All We Imagine as Light”
Best Motion Picture — Animated
“Flow”
“Inside Out 2”
“Memoir of a Snail”
“Moana 2”
“Wallace & Gromit: Vengeance Most Fowl”
“The Wild Robot”
Best Television Series — Drama
“Shōgun”
“Mr. & Mrs. Smith”
“The Diplomat”
“Squid Game”
“Slow Horses”
“The Day of the Jackal”
Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series — Musical or Comedy 
Jeremy Allen White, “The Bear”
Adam Brody, “Nobody Wants This”
Ted Danson, “A Man on the Inside”
Steve Martin, “Only Murders in the Building”
Martin Short, “Only Murders in the Building”
Jason Segel, “Shrinking”
Best Television Series — Comedy or Musical
“Hacks”
“Abbott Elementary”
“The Bear”
“The Gentlemen”
“Nobody Wants This”
“Only Murders in the Building”
Best Performance by an Actress in a Limited Series, Anthology Series or Motion Picture Made for Television
Jodie Foster, “True Detective: Night Country”
Cate Blanchett, “Disclaimer”
Cristin Milioti, “The Penguin”
Sofia Vergara, “Griselda”
Naomi Watts, “Feud: Capote vs. The Swans”
Kate Winslet, “The Regime”
Best Television Limited Series, Anthology Series or Motion Picture Made for Television
“Baby Reindeer”
“Disclaimer”
“Monsters: The Lyle and Erik Menendez Story”
“The Penguin”
“Ripley”
“True Detective: Night Country”

Other Notable Winners

Category Winners Name
Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Television Series Jessica Gunning, “Baby Reindeer”
Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Television Series Tadanobu Asano, “Shōgun”
Best Performance in Stand-Up Comedy on Television Ali Wong, “Single Lady”
Best Cinematic and Box Office Achievement “Wicked”
Best Original Score — Motion Picture Trent Reznor, Atticus Ross, “Challengers”

Who is Known as the Milk Man of India?

India’s journey to becoming the largest milk producer in the world is a remarkable story of dedication and innovation. This success transformed rural communities, empowered farmers and brought about a revolution in the dairy industry. Behind this achievement is an extraordinary individual whose efforts changed the face of milk production in the country. In this article, we will know about the “Milk Man of India.”

Milk Man of India

Verghese Kurien, known as the “Milk Man of India,” played a key role in transforming India into the world’s largest producer of milk. His efforts, called the White Revolution, helped improve the lives of millions of rural farmers and made dairy farming a self-sustaining industry.

Early Life and Education

Kurien was born on 26 November 1921 in Kozhikode, Kerala. He came from a Malayali Syrian Christian family. His father worked as a government doctor. After completing school, Kurien studied physics at Loyola College, Madras, and later earned a degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Madras in 1943.

Starting in Anand

In 1949, Kurien was sent to Anand, a small town in Gujarat, to manage a government creamery. He met Tribhuvandas Patel, who had started a milk cooperative to fight against unfair milk prices set by private companies. Kurien decided to stay in Anand and help Patel grow the cooperative. This marked the beginning of Amul, which later become a world-famous brand.

The Growth of Amul

Kurien introduced innovative methods to process buffalo milk, which was plentiful in India. He worked with H.M. Dalaya to create milk powder and condensed milk from buffalo milk, helping India reduce its dependency on imports. Amul began producing high-quality milk products, competing successfully with global companies like Nestle.

Contribution to National Dairy Development Board

In 1965, Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri asked Kurien to expand the Anand model across India. Kurien became the first chairman of the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB). Through Operation Flood, NDDB created a nationwide network of milk producers and consumers, increasing milk production and making dairy farming a major rural livelihood.

Achievements of Operation Flood

  • India became the world’s largest producer of milk by 1998.
  • Millions of farmers benefited from better income and fair milk prices.
  • The cooperative model was extended to other agricultural products like oilseeds and vegetables.

Awards and Honors to Verghese Kurien

For his work, Kurien received many awards, including:

  • Ramon Magsaysay Award (1963)
  • Padma Shri (1965)
  • Padma Bhushan (1966)
  • Padma Vibhushan (1999)

Legacy of Kurien

Kurien’s efforts brought dignity and financial stability to millions of rural families. His cooperative model inspired other countries, including Sri Lanka and China. Known as the “Father of the White Revolution,” Kurien’s vision transformed India into a self-sufficient nation in dairy production.

Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti 2025: Date, History, Significance and Celebrations

Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti is a special occasion that honors the birth anniversary of Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the 10th Guru of Sikhism. Celebrated with devotion by Sikhs worldwide, this day reflects his teachings of courage, equality and selflessness. Known for founding the Khalsa Panth and promoting justice, Guru Gobind Singh Ji’s legacy continues to inspire people to live with faith, compassion and bravery.

Guru Gobind Jayanti 2025

In 2025, Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti will be celebrated on Monday, January 6.

  • Saptami Tithi Begins: 8:15 PM on January 5, 2025.
  • Saptami Tithi Ends: 6:23 PM on January 6, 2025.

This date follows the Nanakshahi calendar, where the festival falls on the Saptami Tithi of Shukla Paksha in the month of Poh (Paush).

History of Guru Gobind Jayanti

Guru Gobind Singh Ji was born on December 22, 1666, in Patna Sahib (now in Bihar, India). He became the Guru at the young age of nine after the martyrdom of his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji, who sacrificed his life to protect religious freedom.

Guru Gobind Singh Ji’s leadership during challenging times inspired courage and faith in his followers. His life was dedicated to upholding justice, equality and spirituality.

Significance of Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti 2025

This days reminds us of Guru Gobind Singh Ji’s teachings and their relevance in today’s world. Here are some key aspects of his legacy:

  • Founder of the Khalsa Panth: In 1699, Guru Gobind Singh Ji established the Khalsa Panth, a group of dedicated Sikhs committed to equality, justice and selfless service. The Khalsa symbolizes strength, unity and devotion.
  • Advocate of Religious Freedom: Guru Gobind Singh Ji fought against oppression and and defended the right of people from all religious. His life was a shining example of standing up for justice and protecting humanity.
  • A Saint and Scholar: Guru Gobind Singh Ji was just a warrior but also a poet and thinker. He wrote spiritual and inspiring texts, including parts of the Dasam Granth, emphasizing courage, wisdom, and devotion to God.

Celebrations of Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti

On this day, Sikhs around the world celebrate with great devotion.

  • Prayers and Kirtans: People gather in gurudwaras (Sikh temples) to listen to hymns and offer prayers.
  • Processions: Colorful processions with singing and martial arts performances are held in many places.
  • Langar: Community meals are served to promote equality and selfless service.
  • Reflection on Teachings: Families and communities reflect on Guru Gobind Singh Ji’s values of fearlessness, compassion and justice.

Similarities and Difference Between HMPV and Covid-19 Virus

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), first identified in 2001, is a respiratory virus from the Pneumoviridae family. Similar to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), it causes upper and lower respiratory infections and primarily affects young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Recently, India reported two cases in Bengaluru, raising concerns about its spread and impact. Here’s an in-depth look at HMPV.

Key Aspects of HMPV

What is HMPV?

  • Discovered in 2001; part of the Pneumoviridae family.
  • Causes respiratory infections resembling colds or flu.
  • Threatens children, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems.
  • Circulates globally; prevalent in winter and spring.

Symptoms

  • Mild symptoms
  • Cough, fever, runny/stuffy nose, sore throat.
  • Shortness of breath, wheezing.
  • Severe cases
  • Bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma, and ear infections.
  • High-risk groups: young children, adults over 65, immunocompromised individuals.

Spread and Infection Period

  • Transmitted via respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing.
  • Spread through close contact or contaminated surfaces.
  • Infection lasts 3-5 days; immunity from prior infections is insufficient to prevent reinfection.

Diagnosis and Treatment

  • Diagnosed via nasal or throat swab testing.
  • Severe cases may require chest X-rays or bronchoscopy.
  • No specific antiviral treatment or vaccine available.
  • Treatments for severe cases,
  • Oxygen therapy.
  • Intravenous fluids for hydration.
  • Corticosteroids for inflammation.

Preventive Measures

  • Frequent handwashing with soap and water.
  • Avoid touching the face with unwashed hands.
  • Wear masks in crowded areas.
  • Stay home when unwell.
  • Regularly clean frequently touched surfaces.

HMPV vs Covid-19 Virus

Similarities

  • Both cause respiratory symptoms like fever, cough, congestion, and shortness of breath.
  • Spread through respiratory droplets.

Differences

  • HMPV: No vaccine or antiviral treatment; primarily seasonal (winter-spring).
  • COVID-19: Vaccines and antiviral treatments available; associated with more severe global impact.

Global Response and Concerns

  • Outbreak in China
  • Overcrowded hospitals reported; HMPV cases on the rise.
  • Chinese government assures it’s a regular seasonal occurrence.
  • Neighboring Countries
  • Hong Kong, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Japan monitoring cases closely.
  • Malaysia reported a 45% rise in cases from 2023 to 2024.
  • Japan noted a simultaneous influenza outbreak with over 94,000 cases.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? All You Need To Know About HMPV Virus
Discovered 2001
Symptoms
Mild: Cough, fever, congestion.
Severe: Bronchitis, pneumonia.
High-Risk Groups
Respiratory droplets, close contact, contaminated surfaces.
Infection Period
3-5 days
Diagnosis
Swab tests, chest X-rays for severe cases.
Treatment
Supportive: Oxygen therapy, IV fluids, corticosteroids.
No antiviral or vaccine available.
Prevention
Handwashing, mask-wearing, staying home when sick, cleaning surfaces.
Similar to COVID-19?
Yes, in symptoms and spread. Differences in treatment and seasonal behavior.
Global Impact
Outbreaks reported in China, Malaysia, Japan, and other neighboring countries.

World’s Oldest Person, Tomiko Itooka, Dies at 116 Years

Tomiko Itooka, a Japanese woman recognized by Guinness World Records as the world’s oldest person, passed away at the age of 116 in January 2025. Born in May 1908, she experienced an extraordinary life, living through major historical events, including both World Wars, technological advancements, and societal changes. Her legacy continues to inspire through her resilience and longevity.

Key Highlights of Tomiko’s Life

Birth and Early Life

  • Born in May 1908, six years before World War I.
  • Witnessed significant technological advancements, including the launch of the Ford Model T in the same year.

World War II and Career

  • Managed her husband’s textile factory office during World War II.
  • Lived alone in Nara after her husband’s death in 1979.

Personal Life

  • Married at age 20 and had two daughters and two sons.
  • Survived by one son, one daughter, and five grandchildren.

Longevity and Health

  • Verified as the world’s oldest person in September 2024, following the passing of Maria Branyas Morera, the previous record holder.
  • Enjoyed simple pleasures in her later years, like eating bananas and drinking Calpis, a popular Japanese soft drink.

Recognition

  • Received the official Guinness World Records (GWR) certificate in September 2024.
  • Celebrated during the Respect for the Aged Day in Japan, a holiday dedicated to honoring elderly citizens.

End of Life and Legacy

  • Passed away in a nursing home in Ashiya, Hyogo Prefecture.
  • The mayor of Ashiya praised her for providing hope and courage to many people.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? World’s Oldest Person, Tomiko Itooka, Dies at 116 Years
World’s Oldest Person Verified as the world’s oldest person in September 2024 after Maria Branyas Morera passed away.
Country Japan
Historical Events Lived Through Two World Wars, technological breakthroughs, pandemics.
Career Managed husband’s textile factory during WWII. Lived independently after husband’s death in 1979.
Recognition Awarded GWR certificate in 2024; celebrated on Respect for the Aged Day.
Legacy Praised for providing hope and courage through her long life.
Successor Brazilian nun Inah Canabarro Lucas, born 16 days after Itooka, is now believed to be the world’s oldest person.

Where is Golden Temple Located?

The Golden Temple, also known as Sri Harmandir Sahib, is a famous religious and cultural site located in Punjab, India. It is a central place of worship for Sikhs and a symbol of peace and harmony. Covered in shimmering gold, the temple is surrounded by a sacred water tank, attracting millions of visitors from around the world every year.

Location of Golden Temple

The Golden Temple, also called Harmandir Sahib, is a world-famous religious site located in Amritsar, a city in the state of Punjab, India. It is known for its spiritual significance and beautiful design.

It is situated in the heart of Amritsar, Punjab, in northern India. It is surrounded by the sacred Amrit Sarovar (Pool of Nectar), which gives the city its name.

History of the Golden Temple

The Golden Temple was founded by Guru Ram Das, the fourth Guru of the Sikhs, and was completed in 1577. Later, in 1830, Maharaja Ranjit Singh rebuilt it with marble and gold, giving it its iconic appearance.

Significance of Sikhism

The Golden Temple is the most importance gurudwara (house of worship) in Sikhism. It serves as a sacred pilgrimage site for Sikhs around the world.

Other Names of the Golden Temple

The Golden Temple is also referred to by other names:

  • Harmandir Sahib
  • Darbar Sahib
  • Suvaran Mandir

Former Greek PM Costas Simitis Dies at 88

Costas Simitis, who served as Greece’s Prime Minister from 1996 to 2004, has passed away at the age of 88. He was instrumental in Greece’s integration into the European Union’s single currency, the euro, in 2001. His death occurred on January 5, 2025, at his summer residence in the Peloponnese region.

Political Career and Achievements

Leadership of PASOK: Simitis became the leader of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) in 1996, succeeding Andreas Papandreou. Under his leadership, PASOK secured electoral victories in 1996 and 2000.

Economic Reforms: He implemented austerity measures to stabilize Greece’s economy, focusing on reducing government spending and qualifying the country for eurozone membership.

EU Integration: Simitis played a pivotal role in securing Cyprus’s accession to the European Union in 2004.

Legacy and Tributes

Following his passing, the Greek government declared a four-day period of official mourning and announced a state funeral. Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis expressed respect and sorrow, acknowledging Simitis as a “worthy and noble political opponent.”

Personal Background

Born on June 23, 1936, in Piraeus, Greece, Simitis was the son of politically active parents. He studied law at the University of Marburg in Germany and economics at the London School of Economics. He is survived by his wife, Daphne, two daughters, and a granddaughter.

Summary of the news

Why in News Key Points
Former Greek PM Costas Simitis passes away at 88 – Served as Greece’s PM from 1996 to 2004.
– Led Greece into the Eurozone in 2001.
– Played a significant role in the integration of Cyprus into the EU.
Static Points Details
Name Costas Simitis
Birth Date June 23, 1936
Death Date January 5, 2025
Political Party Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK)
Key Role Prime Minister of Greece (1996-2004)
Economic Achievement Greece adopted the euro in 2001.
National Mourning 4-day mourning declared in Greece.
Survivor(s) Wife Daphne, two daughters, and a granddaughter.
EU Integration Role Cyprus joined the EU in 2004 during his tenure.
Prime Minister during Euro Adoption 2001

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