Republic Day 2025: Is It the 76th or 77th Celebration of India's Republic?

Republic Day 2025: Is It the 76th or 77th Celebration of India’s Republic?

India is gearing up for its grand Republic Day celebrations on January 26, 2025, marking a historic occasion filled with pride, patriotism, and cultural richness. This annual event not only celebrates India’s democratic foundation but also showcases the diversity, unity, and strength of the nation. Here’s everything you need to know about Republic Day 2025, from its historical significance to the parade highlights and ticket information.

Republic Day 2025- Is It The 76th Or 77th Celebration?

If you’re wondering whether 2025 marks the 76th or 77th Republic Day, here’s the clarification: the first Republic Day was celebrated in 1950. Counting from that year, India will be celebrating its 76th Republic Day on January 26, 2025. Notably, this also marks 75 years since the adoption of the Constitution, making this year’s celebration even more special.

The Significance of Republic Day: A Historic Milestone

Republic Day commemorates the day the Indian Constitution came into effect on January 26, 1950, officially establishing India as a sovereign democratic republic. This monumental event marked the transition of India from a dominion under British rule to a republic with its own governing framework.

Republic Day Parade 2025: A Spectacle to Behold

The Republic Day Parade remains the highlight of the celebrations, taking place along Kartavya Path near India Gate in New Delhi. The parade begins at Rashtrapati Bhavan, proceeding toward India Gate, and features:

Marching Contingents: Representing the Indian Armed Forces and paramilitary forces, showcasing their discipline, strength, and commitment to national security.
Cultural Tableaux: Colorful and elaborate displays from 15 states and union territories, including Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh, highlighting the cultural diversity of India.
Central Government Contingents: 11 contingents from central ministries and departments showcasing the progress and achievements of the nation.

Chief Guest for Republic Day 2025: Prabowo Subianto

While an official confirmation is awaited, reports suggest that Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto is expected to grace the occasion as the chief guest.

Prabowo Subianto, a former defence minister and special forces commander, recently became Indonesia’s president, succeeding Joko Widodo.
His presence underscores the strong diplomatic and cultural ties between India and Indonesia, further enhancing the significance of this year’s Republic Day celebrations.

Republic Day 2025 Theme: ‘Swarnim Bharat: Virasat aur Vikas’

The theme for Republic Day 2025 is ‘Swarnim Bharat: Virasat aur Vikas’, which translates to “Golden India: Heritage and Progress.” This theme reflects India’s rich cultural legacy (Virasat) and its strides in development and innovation (Vikas).

The parade at Kartavya Path will embody this theme through:

State Tableaux: Displaying cultural heritage and unique traditions of Indian states and union territories.
Performances and Decor: Representing India’s journey toward growth while staying rooted in its historical values.

Ticket Information: How to Attend Republic Day 2025

Due to the high demand for tickets, the Ministry of Defence has introduced an accessible process for securing passes to the event and its rehearsals. Here’s how you can participate:

Republic Day Parade Tickets

Republic Day Passes: These can be purchased for the parade on January 26, 2025.
Full Dress Rehearsal Passes: If you miss out on the parade tickets, you can attend the rehearsal on January 23, 2025, at Kartavya Path, New Delhi.

Registration Platforms

Tickets and passes can be obtained through:

Aamantran Portal: Visit aamantran.mod.gov.in for online registration.
Aamantran Mobile App: Downloadable from the Mobile Seva App Store, this app provides a user-friendly way to register and secure tickets.

A Parade of Unity and Strength

The Republic Day Parade showcases not only India’s military might but also its cultural unity and diversity. The following highlights are anticipated for 2025:

Military Strength: A grand display of India’s latest weapons, tanks, aircraft, and technologies.
Cultural Diversity: Elaborate tableaux from various states celebrating traditional arts, crafts, music, and dance forms.
Air Show: A breathtaking display by the Indian Air Force, including flyovers by fighter jets and helicopters.

Republic Day Celebrations Beyond Delhi

While the main event takes place in New Delhi, celebrations are held across the country, with flag hoisting ceremonies, cultural programs, and patriotic events organized in schools, colleges, and public spaces.

Sakat Chauth 2025, Know Date, Time, Rituals and Significance

Sakat Chauth Vrat is a sacred day in Hinduism dedicated to Lord Ganesha, the remover of obstacles and the bringer of prosperity. This auspicious day holds immense significance, especially for mothers praying for their children’s well-being. In 2025, Sakat Chauth falls on Friday, January 17. Devotees observe this day with fasting, prayers and rituals to seek blessings for health, happiness and peace.

When is Sakat Chauth Vrat in 2025?

According to the Hindu calendar (Panchang), Sakat Chauth is observed on the Chaturthi Tithi of Krishna Paksha in the month of Megha.

Start of Chaturthi Tithi: 4:18 AM on January 17, 2025
End of Chaturthi Tithi: 5:46 AM on January 18, 2025

The vrat will be observed on January 17, following the sunrise (Udaya Tithi), Moonrise is expected at 7:32 PM on this day.

Rituals of Sakat Chauth 2025

Fasting for Devotion and Blessings: Devotees fast throughout the day, consuming food only after offering prayers to the moon. This fast symbolizes faith and devotion to Lord Ganesha and Sakat Mata.
Offering Arghya to the Moon: In the evening, devotees offer Arghya ( a mixture of milk and rice) to the moon. This ritual is done with great care, ensuring the water does not splash on one’s feet, as this is considered disrespectful.
Worshiping Lord Ganesha with Durva Grass: During the puja, devotees offer Durva grass to Lord Ganesha, as it is believed to please him. Tulsi (holy basil) leaves should not be offered, as they are considered inappropriate for Ganesha worship.
Wearing Auspicious Colors: Black attire is avoided during the puja, as it is considered inauspicious. Instead, devotees wear red or yellow clothes, which symbolizes positivity and blessings.

Significance of Sakat Chauth Vrat

Sakat Chauth is more than a day of fasting. It is a time for devotion, family bonding and seeking divine blessings:

For Mothers and Children: Mothers observe this vrat with the hope of ensuring their children’s good health, long life and prosperity.
Strengthening Family Bonds: The rituals symbolize care and love within families, particularly between mothers and children.
Worship of Sakat Mata and Lord Ganesha: Devotees worship Sakat Mata alongside Lord Ganesha, seeking blessings for protection, peace and happiness in their homes.

India-Spain Declare 2026 as ‘Dual Year’ for Culture, Tourism, and AI

In a significant diplomatic development, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar announced that India and Spain will commemorate 2026 as a ‘dual year’ focusing on culture, tourism, and advancements in artificial intelligence (AI). This initiative aims to strengthen bilateral ties and promote mutual understanding between the two nations.

Key Highlights

Cultural Exchange: The year will feature extensive cultural programs, including art exhibitions, music and dance performances, literature festivals, and architectural collaborations. Both countries plan to showcase their rich cultural heritages through various events and exhibitions.

Tourism Promotion: Efforts will be made to boost tourism by promoting reciprocal visits, establishing direct flight connections, and highlighting each other’s tourist attractions. This includes joint marketing campaigns and tourism fairs to attract visitors.

Artificial Intelligence Collaboration: Recognizing the transformative potential of AI, both nations intend to collaborate on AI research, development, and implementation across various sectors, including healthcare, education, and industry. This will involve joint workshops, seminars, and the establishment of AI research centers.

Bilateral Trade and Economic Cooperation

India and Spain currently share an annual trade volume of USD 10 billion, encompassing sectors such as railways, clean technology, drones, and space exploration. Minister Jaishankar expressed optimism about the future growth of this trade, emphasizing that the ‘dual year’ initiative will further enhance economic ties.

Role of the Indian Diaspora

The Indian diaspora in Spain plays a pivotal role in strengthening bilateral relations. Minister Jaishankar acknowledged their contributions to Spain’s economy and society, noting that their positive image significantly aids in fostering closer ties between the two countries.

Preparations for 2026

Both nations are committed to meticulous planning throughout 2025 to ensure the success of the ‘dual year’ celebrations in 2026. This includes setting up joint committees, securing funding, and coordinating with cultural and tourism departments to organize events and initiatives.

Summary of the news

Why in News	Key Points
India and Spain to celebrate 2026 as ‘Dual Year’	– India and Spain announce 2026 as ‘dual year’ focused on culture, tourism, and AI collaboration.
Cultural Exchange	– Includes art exhibitions, music and dance performances, literature festivals, and architectural collaborations.
Tourism Promotion	– Focus on reciprocal visits, direct flight connections, and joint marketing campaigns for tourism.
AI Collaboration	– Collaboration in AI research, development, and implementation in sectors like healthcare, education, and industry.
Economic Cooperation	– Annual trade between India and Spain stands at USD 10 billion, covering railways, clean tech, drones, and space.
Indian Diaspora’s Role	– Indian diaspora in Spain contributes significantly to economic and social relations between both nations.
Preparation for 2026	– Joint committees and careful planning to organize events and initiatives throughout 2025 for the 2026 celebrations.

Kanuma Panduga 2025: Key Highlights of the Festival

Kanuma Panduga is an essential festival celebrated in the southern states of India, especially in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Tamil Nadu, coinciding with the Sankranti festival. It falls on the day after Makar Sankranti and is dedicated to honoring cattle, primarily cows and bulls, symbolizing the bond between humans, animals, and nature. This festival marks the sun’s journey toward the northern hemisphere, heralding the arrival of the spring season and longer days. The festival is observed with much fervor, traditional rituals, and cultural celebrations.

Key Points about Kanuma Pandunga

Date and Time

Kanuma Panduga 2025 will be celebrated on Wednesday, January 15.
The Sankranti Moment occurs at 9:03 AM on January 14.

Why is Kanuma Pandunga Celebrated?

Origin: The festival shares its origin with Govardhan Puja, honoring Lord Krishna’s divine intervention when he lifted the Govardhan Hill to protect villagers and cattle from a flood.
Honoring Cattle: The day is dedicated to worshipping cattle, especially cows and bulls, for their invaluable role in agriculture.
Link to Makar Sankranti: It is the third day of the Makar Sankranti celebrations and marks the beginning of the sun’s journey toward the northern hemisphere, signaling the start of spring.

Rituals and Celebrations

Cattle Worship: Farmers bathe and decorate their cattle, often painting their horns and adorning them with garlands.
Temple Visits: The decorated cattle are brought to temples for special prayers and offerings.
Bullfights: A common feature during the celebration is bullfighting, where bulls are showcased in competitive events, and wagers are made.
Traditional Attire: People dress in traditional clothes, contributing to the festive spirit of the day.
Community Celebrations: Families and friends gather to exchange gifts, enjoy traditional foods, and share in the joyous atmosphere.

Significance

Cultural Heritage: The festival emphasizes the agricultural roots and cultural heritage of the region, celebrating the significant role cattle play in farming.
Mythological Connection: The festival’s connection to the mythological story of Lord Krishna adds a spiritual dimension to the celebration.
Gratitude to Cattle: It is a day to express gratitude for cattle, which are central to farming and the region’s economy.
Community Participation: The festival fosters a sense of unity and community spirit, bringing people together through shared traditions.

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	Kanuma Panduga 2025: Key Highlights of the Festival
Origin	Derived from Govardhan Puja; Honoring Lord Krishna’s intervention to protect cattle.
Rituals and Celebrations	Bathing and decorating cattle, bringing them to temples for worship, bullfights, traditional attire, and community gatherings.
Significance	Highlights the role of cattle in agriculture, connects to mythology, and fosters community spirit.
Cultural Heritage	Celebrates the agricultural and cultural traditions of the southern states.
Mythological Link	Honors Lord Krishna’s protection of cattle during a flood as described in the Govardhan Puja legend.
Community Participation	Families, friends, and communities celebrate together through feasts, rituals, and mutual visits.

India’s Hydrogen Train Engine Sets a Power Benchmark

India’s Railway Minister, Ashwini Vaishnaw, recently shared a remarkable achievement in the field of green energy technology during the 18th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas. Indian Railways has developed the world’s most powerful hydrogen fuel-run train engine, setting a new benchmark in global railway innovation. The engine, built with indigenous technology, reflects India’s growing capabilities in green energy and sustainable development.

Key Points

World’s Most Powerful Hydrogen Train Engine

Ashwini Vaishnaw announced that the hydrogen fuel-run train engine developed by Indian Railways has the highest horsepower output in the world.
The engine generates 1,200 horsepower, surpassing the 500-600 horsepower engines developed by other countries.

Hydrogen-Powered train Trial

The first trial run of the hydrogen-powered train is expected to take place soon on the Jind-Sonipat route in Haryana.
The engine manufacturing is complete, and system integration is currently underway.

Indigenous Technology and Self-Reliance

The engine was developed using Indian expertise, marking a significant step towards technological self-sufficiency.
India has emerged as a leader in developing sustainable transport solutions using green energy.

Potential for Broader Applications

Vaishnaw highlighted that the hydrogen-powered technology can be adapted for use in other transport sectors, such as trucks and tugboats.
The development of this technology provides an opportunity for further innovation in various fields.

A Vision for the Future

Prime Minister Narendra Modi, speaking earlier at the event, expressed his aspiration that one day India will manufacture fully indigenous trains, allowing Indian passengers to ride trains made entirely in India.

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	India’s Hydrogen Train Engine Sets a Power Benchmark
Train Engine Power	The hydrogen fuel-run engine developed by India produces 1,200 horsepower, the highest in the world.
Trial Run Location	The first trial run will take place in Haryana, on the Jind-Sonipat route.
Technology	The engine was developed using indigenous technology, showcasing India’s capacity for technological innovation.
Global Comparison	Only four countries have hydrogen-powered trains, with their engines producing 500-600 horsepower, much lower than India’s 1,200 horsepower output.
Future Applications	The hydrogen-powered engine technology may be adapted for use in trucks, tugboats, and other transport sectors.
Technological Self-Sufficiency	While India’s achievements are promising, the country still has a long way to go in achieving full technological self-sufficiency.
Prime Minister’s Vision	PM Modi expressed his vision for completely Indian-made trains, a significant step towards self-reliance in railway manufacturing.

NPCI and Magnati Partner to Boost UPI Use in UAE

NPCI International Payments Ltd (NIPL), the international arm of India’s National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), has partnered with UAE-based fintech firm Magnati to enable Unified Payments Interface (UPI) transactions for Indian travelers in the UAE. This collaboration aims to integrate UPI into the UAE’s payment ecosystem, allowing Indian visitors to use their preferred payment method seamlessly.

Key Details

Partnership Overview: The alliance with Magnati will facilitate QR-based UPI merchant payments through point-of-sale (POS) terminals across the UAE, enhancing the payment experience for Indian travelers.

Initial Implementation: UPI acceptance is set to launch at Dubai Duty Free, with plans for future expansion across various sectors, including retail, hospitality, transport, and supermarkets.

Market Impact: This initiative is expected to serve over 12 million Indians visiting the UAE annually, providing a familiar and efficient payment method for transactions abroad.

UPI’s Global Reach: UPI, India’s real-time payment system, processed more than 16 billion transactions in December 2024 alone. Currently, UPI payments are accepted in seven countries, including Bhutan, Mauritius, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and France.

Future Plans: NIPL is working with countries such as the UAE and Mauritius to develop card schemes similar to RuPay, aiming to enhance cross-border payment solutions.

Magnati

A Regional Leader in Payment Solutions

Magnati is at the forefront of the payment solutions industry, specializing in direct acquiring, issuer processing, and acquiring processing. It provides government, merchant, and institutional clients with an intelligent payments platform, leveraging next-generation technology to enhance customer experiences and improve operational efficiency. The Magnati brand is dynamic, innovative, and poised to redefine the payments landscape by turning payment challenges into opportunities.

Headquartered in Abu Dhabi with Global Reach

Based in Abu Dhabi, Magnati has built an extensive network and strong relationships that position it as a global player in the payments industry. This international presence allows the company to form strategic partnerships, set new standards for innovation, and deliver transformative solutions that cater to the evolving needs of businesses worldwide.

NPCI International

Expanding India’s Payment Revolution Globally

NPCI International Payments Limited (NIPL) was established on April 3, 2020, as a fully owned subsidiary of the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI). NIPL is responsible for taking NPCI’s homegrown payment innovations—such as the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and RuPay card scheme—beyond India’s borders. It focuses on deploying these technologies to countries looking to implement real-time payment systems or domestic card networks.

Transforming Global Payment Ecosystems with Innovation

By leveraging its domestic success, NPCI aims to provide international markets with advanced technological solutions for payment systems. NIPL offers expertise, consulting, and licensing for building state-of-the-art payment infrastructures that align with the fast-paced demands of global businesses. The mission of NIPL is to facilitate seamless payment solutions not only for Indians but also for other nations, enhancing their payment systems through cutting-edge technology and strategic partnerships.

Summary of the news

Why in News	Key Points
NPCI International partners with Magnati to enable UPI for Indian travelers in UAE	– Partnership between NPCI International and Magnati to facilitate UPI payments in the UAE for Indian travelers. – First launch at Dubai Duty Free. – Over 12 million Indian visitors annually to benefit. – Expansion plans in retail, hospitality, and transport sectors in the UAE. – UPI currently accepted in 7 countries (India, Bhutan, Mauritius, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, France).
NPCI International	– NPCI International Payments Ltd (NIPL), the international arm of National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).
Magnati	– UAE-based fintech firm facilitating UPI payment acceptance across the UAE.

What is the Difference Between Amrit Snan and Shahi Snan?

The Kumbh Mela is one of the largest and most important religious gatherings in the world, where millions of Hindus come together to take part in sacred bathing rituals, Amrit Snan and Shahi Snan, are central to the festival. Recently, the term “Shahi Snan” has been replaced by “Amrit Snan,” reflecting a cultural shift toward honoring ancient Hindu traditions.

What is Shahi Snan?

Shahi Snan, meaning “Royal Bath,” started in the 19th century under the Peshwas. The word “Shahi” is an Urdu term that means royal. It was used to describe special bathing days during the Kumbh Mela, when devotees believed that bathing in the holy rivers would cleanse their sins and lead to spiritual liberation.

What is Amrit Snan?

Amrit Snan, meaning “Nectar Bath,” is a Sanskrit term that emphasizes purity and immortality. The word “Amrit” refers to divine nectar that gives eternal life. This term highlights the sacredness of water in Hinduism and connects more deeply with traditional beliefs, moving away from the Mughal influence of Shahi Snan.

Why the Change?

The change from Shahi Snan to Amrit Snan was made by the Uttar Pradesh government under Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath. This shift is meant to bring back ancient Hindu traditions and replace the use of Urdu with Sanskrit, restoring a sense of cultural pride and spiritual connection for Hindu devotees.

Significance of Amrit Snan

The first Amrit Snan occurred on Makar Sankranti, an important day during the Kumbh Mela. Thirteen Akharas (spiritual groups) participate in the ritual, making it highly sacred. Changing to Amrit Snan revives the original practices and reminds everyone of the rich spiritual heritage behind the festival.

A Cultural Reawakening

The switch from Shahi Snan to Amrit Snan is part of a larger effort to revive Hindu traditions and promote a sense of spiritual authenticity. It is a way of reconnecting with the roots of Hinduism and using Sanskrit to strengthen cultural identity.

ISKCON Temple Inaugurated by PM Modi in Navi Mumbai

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Sri Sri Radha Madanmohanji Temple of ISKCON in Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, on January 15, 2025. Built over 12 years at a cost of ₹170 crore, this temple is Asia’s second-largest ISKCON temple. It stands as a fusion of spirituality and knowledge, featuring various facilities that reflect ISKCON’s mission to serve society. The inauguration was attended by prominent figures, including Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis, Deputy Chief Minister Eknath Shinde, Governor CP Radhakrishnan, and MP Hema Malini.

Key Highlights

Temple Overview

Located in Kharghar, Navi Mumbai.
Asia’s second-largest ISKCON temple, built over 12 years at ₹170 crore.
Spread across nine acres.

Facilities

Vedic education college.
Library.
Ayurvedic healing center.
Cow shelter.
Senior citizens’ ashram.
Vedic museum and organic farm.
Cultural center.

PM Modi’s Address

Acknowledged ISKCON’s role in combining spirituality and knowledge.
Highlighted India’s spiritual consciousness as its defining feature.
Emphasized government efforts for social welfare, including:
Toilets, gas, and water connections for households.
Free medical treatment for the elderly.
Pucca houses for the homeless.

Cultural and Educational Significance

Temples as centers of social consciousness.
ISKCON’s role in youth inspiration through modern technology.
Importance of Ayurveda and education through gurukuls.

Tribute to Gopaldasji Goswami Maharaj

Recognized the former ISKCON chairperson’s vision and devotion to Lord Krishna.

Prominent Attendees

Maharashtra CM Devendra Fadnavis.
Deputy CM Eknath Shinde.
Governor CP Radhakrishnan.
Actor-turned-MP Hema Malini.

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	ISKCON Temple Inaugurated by PM Modi in Navi Mumbai
Temple Name	Sri Sri Radha Madanmohanji Temple, ISKCON Kharghar
Location	Kharghar, Navi Mumbai
Cost	₹170 crore
Significance	Asia’s second-largest ISKCON temple; fusion of spirituality and knowledge
Key Facilities	College, library, Ayurvedic center, cow shelter, cultural center, organic farm, senior ashram
PM’s Key Messages	India’s spiritual consciousness; government’s social welfare initiatives
Tribute	Gopaldasji Goswami Maharaj’s vision and dedication
Prominent Attendees	Devendra Fadnavis, Eknath Shinde, CP Radhakrishnan, Hema Malini

Indian Army Conducts Exercise ‘Devil Strike’

The Indian Armed Forces are set to conduct a major military exercise, Exercise Devil Strike, from January 16 to 19, 2025. The exercise, which is being organized under the leadership of the Indian Army, aims to enhance the combat readiness of the forces by simulating high-intensity combat operations. This exercise is expected to feature advanced strategies and innovative combat techniques to strengthen national security and ensure effective defense against external threats. It also serves as a test of the synchronization between various branches of the Indian military, ensuring a well-coordinated response to potential challenges.

Key Details of Exercise Devil Strike

Exercise Duration

January 16-19, 2025.

Location

Northern Borders of India.

Objective

To enhance the operational capabilities of the Indian Armed Forces, particularly in high-altitude terrains.
To conduct joint exercises involving Army, Air Force, and Special Forces.
Strengthening combat readiness and response tactics for complex warfare situations.

Significance: Building on Past Exercises

Previous Exercises

Similar exercises have been conducted in the past, such as Exercise Shakti and Exercise Vajra Prahar, which were focused on joint force cooperation, counter-terrorism operations, and integrated defense strategies.

Devil Strike adds a new dimension by focusing on real-time simulations of advanced warfare and technological integration in battlefield strategies.

Present Context

With increasing security challenges at the borders, particularly in the western and northern sectors, the exercise is crucial for adapting to evolving defense needs.

The exercise highlights India’s focus on modernizing its defense forces with high-tech equipment and strategic operational plans in response to both conventional and asymmetric warfare threats.

Summary of the news

Why in News	Key Points
Indian Armed Forces to conduct Exercise Devil Strike from January 16-19, 2025	– Exercise Devil Strike scheduled from January 16-19, 2025.
	– Joint exercise involving Army, Air Force, and Special Forces.
	– Focus on combat readiness and high-altitude warfare.
	– Conducted in northern borders of India.
	– Past exercises like Exercise Shakti and Exercise Vajra Prahar for similar joint operations.
	– Objective: Enhance synchronization, operational capabilities, and response tactics.
	– Focus on multi-theater warfare preparation and border security.
Geographical Location	– Northern Borders of India.
Armed Forces Involved	– Indian Army, Indian Air Force, and Special Forces.
Duration	– January 16-19, 2025.

PM Modi Commissions INS Surat, Nilgiri, and Vagsheer

On January 15, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi commissioned three significant naval assets—INS Surat, INS Nilgiri, and INS Vagsheer—at the Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) in Mumbai. This event underscores India’s commitment to enhancing its maritime capabilities and achieving self-reliance in defense production.

INS Surat: Advanced Guided Missile Destroyer

INS Surat is the fourth and final ship of the Project 15B, also known as the Visakhapatnam-class destroyers. Designed by the Indian Navy’s Warship Design Bureau and constructed by MDL, this guided missile destroyer measures 163 meters in length and 17 meters in width, with a top speed of 30 knots. It boasts approximately 75% indigenous content and is equipped with state-of-the-art weaponry, including the indigenously developed Medium Range Surface-to-Air Missile (MRSAM), BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles, torpedo tube launchers, and anti-submarine indigenous rocket launchers. The ship also features modern stealth capabilities and can accommodate two helicopters.

INS Nilgiri: Stealth Frigate of Project 17A

INS Nilgiri is the lead ship of Project 17A, an initiative aimed at developing advanced stealth frigates for the Indian Navy. Designed by the Indian Navy’s Warship Design Bureau and built by MDL, the ship measures 149 meters in length and 17.8 meters in breadth, with a maximum speed of 28 knots. It features enhanced stealth capabilities, survivability, and seakeeping, and can accommodate two helicopters. The frigate is armed with eight BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles, 32 MRSAMs, torpedoes, Kavach chaff launchers, and a 76mm gun. Future upgrades are planned to include indigenously developed VL-SRSAM missiles.

INS Vagsheer: Final Submarine of Project 75

INS Vagsheer is the sixth and final submarine of the Kalvari-class, developed under Project 75 through an Indo-French collaboration between MDL and the French Naval Group. This 2,000-tonne submarine is versatile, capable of performing a range of missions including anti-surface warfare, anti-submarine warfare, long-range strikes, special operations, and intelligence gathering. The modular design of INS Vagsheer facilitates future upgrades, such as the integration of air-independent propulsion technology.

Strategic Significance and Future Outlook

The commissioning of these vessels represents a significant advancement in India’s indigenous shipbuilding capabilities and defense self-sufficiency. All three platforms were designed and built entirely in India, reflecting the nation’s growing competence in defense production. After rigorous trials, the assets are now fully operational, poised to strengthen the Navy’s maritime power. This development comes amid increasing Chinese presence in the Indian Ocean region, underscoring the importance of protecting maritime interests. Defense Minister Rajnath Singh highlighted the shifting global focus to the Indian Ocean, emphasizing India’s commitment to bolstering its naval power.

In addition to these developments, India’s defense ministry is expected to conclude a deal for three additional Scorpene submarines to be built in India during Prime Minister Modi’s anticipated visit to Paris next month. However, according to the Indian Navy, the first of these submarines is only likely to be commissioned by 2031.

Summary of the news

Why in News	Key Points
PM Modi commissions INS Surat, INS Nilgiri, and INS Vagsheer	1. INS Surat: 4th ship of Project 15B, guided missile destroyer, built with 75% indigenous content. 2. INS Nilgiri: Lead ship of Project 17A, stealth frigate with BrahMos and MRSAM, two helicopter capacity. 3. INS Vagsheer: 6th submarine of Project 75, developed with Indo-French collaboration.
INS Surat	1. Ship length: 163 meters, width: 17 meters. 2. Speed: 30 knots. 3. Equipped with BrahMos, MRSAM, and advanced weaponry.
INS Nilgiri	1. Length: 149 meters, breadth: 17.8 meters. 2. Speed: 28 knots. 3. Equipped with BrahMos, MRSAM, torpedoes, and Kavach chaff launchers.
INS Vagsheer	1. Submarine length: 66 meters. 2. Built under Project 75 with French collaboration. 3. Versatile for various missions including anti-surface warfare and intelligence gathering.
Indian Navy’s Strategic Goals	1. Enhance indigenous shipbuilding capabilities. 2. Strengthen defense against China’s maritime expansion in the Indian Ocean region.
Key Dates	1. PM Modi commissioned the ships on January 15, 2025.
Significance of Commissioning	1. Boosts India’s maritime defense capabilities. 2. Focuses on self-reliance in naval defense technology.
Future Developments	1. Deal for three additional Scorpene submarines expected. 2. INS Vikrant, first home-built aircraft carrier, commissioned in 2022.