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States and Capitals – How Many States in India?

India, a vast South Asian nation and the world’s seventh-largest by land area, is divided into 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its own capital. These states and territories are further segmented into districts. New Delhi, situated in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, serves as India’s administrative, political, and cultural hub.

The states and capitals of India weave a rich and diverse tapestry, reflecting the country’s deep cultural heritage, traditions, and innovations. Exploring these regions offers a fascinating journey through time, blending ancient legacies with modern advancements, tradition with contemporary influence, and showcasing India’s remarkable unity in diversity.

States and Capitals

In 1956, India reorganized its states according to linguistic demographics. Today, the country consists of 28 states and 8 Union Territories, home to nearly 400 cities. Among these, eight major metropolitan cities—Kolkata, Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, and Pune—are prominent. The Prime Minister has introduced a plan to develop 100 smart cities across the nation, with Indore being recognized as the Smart City for four consecutive years. Discover India’s dynamic urban landscape and its focus on modernization.

How many states in India?

India is the 7th largest country in the world by land area and the 2nd most populated. The country is divided into states and union territories so that the government can function properly. Below is a list of all 28 states, their capitals and the year they were formed.

S.NO State Capital CM Governor
1 Andhra Pradesh Amaravati Sri Nara Chandrababu Naidu S. Abdul Nazer
2 Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar Pema Khandu Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik
3 Assam Dispur Himanta Biswa Sarma Lakshman Prasad Acharya
4 Bihar Patna Nitish Kumar Arif Mohammed Khan
5 Chhattisgarh Raipur Vishnu Deo Sai Ramen Deka
6 Goa Panaji Pramod Sawant P.S. Sreedharan Pillai
7 Gujarat Gandhinagar Bhupendra Patel Acharya Dev Vrat
8 Haryana Chandigarh Nayab Singh Saini Bandaru Dattatraya
9 Himachal Pradesh Shimla Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu Shiv Pratap Shukla
10 Jharkhand Ranchi Hemant Soren Santosh Kumar Gangwar
11 Karnataka Bengaluru Siddaramaiah Thaawarchand Gehlot
12 Kerala Thiruvananthapuram Pinarayi Vijayan Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
13 Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Mohan Yadav Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel
14 Maharashtra Mumbai Devendra Fadnavis C.P. Radhakrishnan
15 Manipur Imphal N. Biren Singh
Ajay Kumar Bhalla
16 Meghalaya Shillong Conrad Kongkal Sangma
C H Vijayashankar
17 Mizoram Aizawl Lalduhoma General (Dr.) Vijay Kumar Singh, PVSM, AVSM, YSM (Retd.)
18 Nagaland Kohima Neiphiu Rio
La. Ganesan
19 Odisha Bhubaneswar Mohan Charan Majhi
Dr. Hari Babu Kambhampati
20 Punjab Chandigarh Bhagwant Singh Mann Gulab Chand Kataria
21 Rajasthan Jaipur Bhajan Lal Sharma Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde
22 Sikkim Gangtok PS Golay Om Prakash Mathur
23 Tamil Nadu Chennai M. K. Stalin R. N. Ravi
24 Telangana Hyderabad Anumula Revanth Reddy Jishnu Dev Varma
25 Tripura Agartala Dr. Manik Saha Indra Sena Reddy Nallu
26 Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Yogi Aditya Nath Anandiben Patel
27 Uttarakhand Dehradun Pushkar Singh Dhami Lt. Gen. Gurmit Singh
28 West Bengal Kolkata Mamata Banerjee Dr. C.V. Ananda Bose

Union Territories of India and Their Capitals

India has 8 union territories that are managed by the central government. Some of them have their own legislative assemblies. Below is the of these union territories and their capitals:

S.NO Union Territories Capital CM Lt. Governor
1 Andaman and Nicobar Island Port Blair NA D K Joshi
2 Chandigarh Chandigarh NA Banwarilal Purohit
3 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Daman NA Praful Patel
4 Delhi Delhi Rekha Gupta Vinai Kumar Saxena
5 Ladakh NA NA B. D. Mishra
6 Lakshadweep Kavaratti NA Praful Patel
7 Jammu and Kashmir NA Omar Abdullah Manoj Sinha
8 Puducherry Pondicherry N. Rangaswamy C. P. Radhakrishnan

Difference Between States and Union Territories

India is divided into states and Union Territories for administrative purposes. They are in different in how they are governed.

Basis of Difference States Union Territories
Head of Administration Governor Administrator or Lieutenant Governor
Government Type Elected by the People Managed by the central government
Powers Shares power with the central government. Controlled directly by the central government.

Indian States and their Languages

India is a country with a rich and diverse linguistic heritage. There are over 121 languages spoken in India, and each state has its unique linguistic landscape. The Indian Constitution recognizes 22 languages as “scheduled languages,” which are given special status in government and education.

S. No. States Language
1 Andhra Pradesh Telugu and Urdu
2 Arunachal Pradesh Miji, Apotanji, Merdukpen, Tagin, Adi, Honpa, Banging-Nishi
3 Assam Assamese
4 Bihar Hindi
5 Chhattisgarh Hindi
6 Goa Marathi Konkani
7 Gujarat Gujarati
8 Haryana Hindi
9 Himachal Pradesh Hindi and Pahari
10 Jharkhand Hindi
11 Karnataka Kannada
12 Kerala Malayalam
13 Madhya Pradesh Hindi
14 Maharashtra Marathi
15 Manipur Manipuri
16 Meghalaya Khashi, Jaintia, And Garo
17 Mizoram Mizo and English
18 Nagaland Ao, Konyak, Angami, Sema, and Lotha
19 Odisha Oriya
20 Punjab Punjabi
21 Rajasthan Rajasthani and Hindi
22 Sikkim Bhutia, Hindi, Nepali, Lepcha, Limbu
23 Tamil Nadu Tamil
24 Telangana Telugu
25 Tripura Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri, Kakborak
26 Uttar Pradesh Hindi
27 Uttarakhand Hindi
28 West Bengal Bengali

Some Key Facts About Indian States

Each state in India is unique and has something special. Here are some interesting facts about a few states:

  • Andhra Pradesh: Famous for spicy food and historical sites like Charminar.
  • Assam: Know for tea gardens and Kaziranga National Park, home to the one-horned rhinoceros.
  • Bihar: A place with a rich history, home to Bodh Gaya and the ancient city of Pataliputra.
  • Goa: Popular for beautiful beaches and a lively nightlife.
  • Kerala: Famous for its backwaters, Ayurveda treatments and lush green nature.
  • Maharashtra: Mumbai, the financial capital, is also home to Bollywood.
  • Himachal Pradesh: Known for stunning hill stations and adventure sports.
  • Tamil Nadu: Famous for classical dance forms and grand temples.

Which District of Uttar Pradesh has the Most Railway Stations?

Uttar Pradesh has one of the largest railway networks in India, connecting cities, towns, and villages across the state. Trains play an important role in travel, trade, and daily life for millions of people. Every district has several railway stations, but some have more than others. In this article, we’ll explore which district has the most railway stations in Uttar Pradesh and why it holds this position.

An Overview of Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh (UP) is a state in northern India and is the most populated state in the country, with over 241 million people. It shares borders with nine Indian states and Nepal. UP covers about 7.3% of India’s land area, making it the fourth-largest state. Lucknow is the capital, while Prayagraj is the judicial capital. The state has 75 districts and 18 divisions.

Railway Network of Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh has the largest railway network in India, covering over 8,800 kilometers. It connects almost every part of the state with the rest of the country. The railway system here is managed by five different zones of Indian Railways. Lucknow acts as a key railway junction, making UP a major hub for travel, trade, and transportation.

How many Railway Stations are there in Uttar Pradesh?

There are a total of around 550 railway stations in Uttar Pradesh. These include:

  • Big stations (junctions) for long-distance trains
  • Medium and small stations for local travel
  • Halt stations where only a few trains stop

Railway zones in Uttar Pradesh:

  • North Central Railway (NCR) – Over 230 stations
  • North Eastern Railway (NER) – Over 130 stations

Other zones like NR, ER, and ECR also cover parts of UP.

District with the Most Railway Stations in Uttar Pradesh

The district with the most railway stations in Uttar Pradesh is Prayagraj (formerly known as Allahabad).

This district not only has a large number of stations but is also home to the North Central Railway Headquarters, making it a very important railway region.

How many Railway Stations are there in Prayagraj?

Prayagraj has a total of around 47 railway stations, including major junctions, small stations, and halt points. Some of the key ones are:

  • Prayagraj Junction
  • Prayagraj Sangam
  • Naini Junction
  • Subedarganj
  • Phaohamau Junction
  • Jhunsi
  • Prayag Junction

These stations serve different parts of the district and handle both passenger and goods trains.

Why does Prayagraj Have So Many Stations?

Here the main reasons:

  • Strategic Location: Prayagraj is located where many important train routes meet, making it a major railway junction in north India.
  • Railway Headquarters: The North Central Railway HQ is based in Prayagraj, which means it has better facilities and more stations for smooth operations.
  • High Population and Pilgrimage Importance: Being a religious city, especially known for the Kumbh Mela, it sees heavy travel traffic, leading to the need for more stations.

Top-10 Countries with the Fastest Mobile Internet in 2025, Check the List

In today’s digital world, mobile internet speed is very important for smooth browsing, video streaming, online classes, and work. Some countries offer much faster mobile internet than others, thanks to better technology and strong network systems. In this article, we will look at the top 10 countries with the fastest mobile internet in 2025, and learn what makes their internet so quick and reliable.

Internet Use in Growing Fast Around the World

We live in a world where almost everything—communication, shopping, banking, and studying—depends on the internet. As of early 2025, around 5.56 billion people across the globe are using the internet. That’s more than half the world’s population!

Thanks to the rapid spread of 5G technology, more people now use mobile phones instead of desktop computers to access the internet, leading to much faster mobile internet speeds worldwide.

How much has Mobile Speed Improved Globally?

According to Ookla’s Speedtest Global Index, mobile internet speeds have improved by over 80% in the last two years. Many countries are focusing on faster and more reliable mobile networks to meet growing internet needs.

Which Country has the Fastest Mobile Internet in 2025?

In 2025, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has the fastest mobile internet in the world, with an average speed of 546.14 Mbps, according to the Speedtest Global Index. This means users in the UAE can enjoy super-fast downloads, smooth video streaming, and quick browsing. The country’s advanced 5G network and strong digital infrastructure make it a global leader in mobile internet speed.

Top-10 Countries with the Fastest Mobile Internet in 2025

In 2025, the United Arab Emirates is the country with the fastest mobile internet, with an average speed of 546.14 Mbps, followed by Qatar, Kuwait and Bahrain.

Here is the list of top-10 countries with the fastest mobile internet in 2025:

Rank  Country Average Mobile Speed (Mbps)
1. United Arab Emirates 546.14
2. Qatar 517.44
3. Kuwait 378.45
4. Bahrain 236.77
5. Brazil 228.89
6. Bulgaria 224.46
7. South Korea 218.06
8. China 201.67
9. Saudi Arabia 198.39
10. Denmark 196.27

Where Does India Stand in Fastest Mobile Internet List of 2025?

India ranks 26th in the world for mobile internet speed, with a median download speed of 133.51 Mbps.

This is a three-place jump from its earlier ranking, showing how India’s digital connectivity is improving rapidly. The ongoing 5G rollout and better mobile network infrastructure are helping more people access high-speed internet across cities and villages.

Top-10 Most Expensive Fruits in the World by 2025, Check the List

Fruits are not only nature’s sweet bounty but also a source of essential nutrients. While most fruits are easily accessible, some have earned the title of “luxury” due to their rarity, exquisite taste, and high market value. In this article, we explore the top 10 most expensive fruits in the world that cater to the discerning palate of the elite.

World’s Most Expensive Fruits 2025

In 2025, the world witnesses the pinnacle of luxury in the form of fruits. From Japan’s $20,000 Yubari King Melon to the United Kingdom’s $15,000 Lost Gardens of Heligan Pineapple, these extravagant delights redefine culinary opulence, making them not just a treat for the taste buds but a statement of affluence.

Most Expensive Fruit in the World 2025

The Yubari King Melon, a hybrid originating from Hokkaido Island, Japan, derives its name from the Yubari greenhouses. With a perfect round shape, smooth rind, and a touch of stem for enhanced aesthetics, these soft and sweet melons are coveted gifts during the Chugen Ghost Festival. Valued at $12,000 per melon in 2025, they once reached a staggering $30,000 in 2008, securing their status as the world’s most expensive fruits.

Top-10 Most Expensive Fruits in the World By January 2025

Yubari King Melon, with the cost of $30,000/ pair, claims the title of the most expensive fruit in the world, followed by Densuke Watermelon, Ruby Roman Grapes, and Taiyo no Tamago Mangoes.

Here is the list of top-10 most expensive fruits in the world by 2025:

MOST EXPENSIVE FRUITS IN THE WORLD 2025
Rank Fruit Price
1. Yubari King Melon $30,000/pair
2. Densuke Watermelon $6,100
3. Ruby Roman Grapes $8,400
4. Taiyo no Tamago Mangoes $3,000
5. Pineapples from Heligan $1,500
6. Square Watermelon $800
7. Sembikiya Queen Strawberries $85/pack
8. Dekopon Citrus $80/pack of six
9. Sekai Ichi Apples $21 (per apple)
10. Buddha Shaped Pears $9

World’s Most Expensive Fruit – Yubari King Melon

Price: $30,000/ pair

The Yubari King Melon from Hokkaido, Japan is known as the world’s most expensive fruit. These melons are perfectly round, very sweet, and are often given as special gifts, especially during the Chugen festival in Japan. Their fame grew in 2008 when a pair of them was sold for $30,000, making them a symbol of luxury and high quality.

Second Most Expensive in the World – Densuke Watermelon

Price: $6,100

The Densuke Watermelon stands as one of the world’s second most expensive fruits, with its rare black variety weighing up to 11 kg. Cultivated exclusively on Japan’s Hokkaido Island, these watermelons are celebrated for their exclusivity and distinctive sweetness. In 2008, a groundbreaking sale set a record at $6,100, emphasizing their exceptional status.

Third Most Expensive in the World – Ruby Roman Grapes

Price: $8,400

Ruby Roman Grapes, the world’s second most expensive fruit, hail from Japan’s Ishikawa Prefecture. Named through a public referendum, these exquisite grapes are meticulously selected based on weight and sugar content. In 2015, a cluster of 26 achieved a staggering price of $8,400, solidifying their status as a luxurious fruit choice.

 

Top-10 Biggest Swimming Pools in the World by 2025, Check the List

From luxurious resort amenities to architectural marvels, the world boasts some of the most colossal swimming pools that redefine aquatic grandeur. Let’s dive into the depths of extravagance as we explore the top 10 largest swimming pools in the world that beckon swimmers and leisure-seekers from around the globe.

World’s Largest Swimming Pools

The world’s largest swimming pools are feats of engineering and luxury. Topping the list is the colossal pool at Egypt, named CityStars Sharm El Sheikh. From the opulence of CityStars Sharm El Sheikh in Egypt to the innovative glass-enclosed pools at Aquaria Grande in Mumbai, these aquatic wonders redefine leisure with their expansive dimensions and breathtaking designs.

World’s Biggest Swimming Pool 2025

As of 2025, the City Stars Sharm El Sheikh in Egypt holds the title of the world’s largest swimming pool. Spread over 23.9 acres, this massive man-made lagoon is located in the Sinai desert, about three miles from the sea. It opened in 2015 and looks like a natural lagoon, even though it’s fully built by people. The pool uses salty water from underground aquifers, which takes several days to refill. Costing $5.5 billion, it’s not just a swimming spot but a true luxury landmark and a record-breaking attraction in Egypt.

Top-10 Biggest Swimming Pools in the World By 2025

The City Stars Sharm EI Sheikh, located in Egypt, claims the title of the biggest swimming pool of the world, followed by San Alfonso Del Mar Resort, MahaSamutr Pool, and Ostrava Poruba, Czech Republic.

Here is the list of top-10 largest swimming pools in the world:

LARGETS SWIMMING POOLS IN THE WORLD 2025
Rank Name Location Size
1. City Stars Sharm El Sheikh Sinai desert, Egypt 23.9 acres
2. San Alfonso Del Mar Resort Algarrobo, Chile 20 acres
3. MahaSamutr Pool Prachuap Khiri Khan, Thailand 72,000 sq meters, 2.4 meters deep
4. Ostrava Poruba, Czech Republic Ostrava, Czech Republic 10 acres
5. The Lagoon at Epperson North of Tampa, U.S. 7.5 acres
6. Piscina Las Brisas de Santo Domingo Las Brisas, Chile 5 acres
7. The Lagoon at Windsong Ranch U.S. 4.9 acres
8. Laguna Bahia, Chile Laguna Bahia resort, Chile 3.5 acres
9. Hayman Island Resort Pool Whitsundays, Australia 2.2 acres
10. Dreamworld Fun Lagoon Karachi, Pakistan 95,000 sq. feet

World’s Largest Swimming Pool – City Stars Sharm El Sheikh

 

Location: Egypt

Size: 23.9 acres

The City Stars Sharm El Sheikh lagoon, inaugurated in 2015, stands as the world’s largest man-made water body. Nestled in the Sinai desert, its colossal size is awe-inspiring. Fueled by saltwater from aquifers, the pool takes weeks to replenish, adding to its uniqueness. With a staggering cost of $5.5 billion, this project is crowned as the most expensive swimming pool globally, making it a captivating marvel of engineering and opulence.

Second Biggest Swimming Pool in the World – San Alfonso Del Mar Resort

 

Location: Algarrobo, Chile

Size: 20 acres

The San Alfonso Del Mar Resort in Chile stands as the world’s second-largest swimming pool, nestled within a private resort in Algarrobo, approximately 60 miles west of Santiago. Spanning over nine football fields, this colossal saltwater pool holds an impressive 66 million gallons of water. Built by Crystal Lagoons, it clinched the world’s largest pool title upon completion in 2006 and maintained the record for almost a decade, making it a spectacular aquatic wonder.

Third Largest Swimming Pool in the World – MahaSamutr Pool

 

Location: Prachuap Khiri Khan, Thailand

Size: 72,000 sq meters, 2.4 meters deep

The MahaSamutr pool proudly holds the title of Asia’s largest man-made lagoon, boasting a vast surface area of 72,000 square meters and a maximum depth of 2.4 meters. Nestled within the upscale MahaSamutr development project in Hua Hin, Thailand, this colossal pool, surrounded by an artificial sand beach, stands as the world’s third-largest swimming pool. Crafted by Crystal Lagoons, it marks a significant aquatic marvel in Thailand’s landscape.

 

Which is the Biggest Dam of China? Know About It

China, with its rich history and rapid modernization, is home to some of the world’s largest and most impressive dams. These engineering marvels serve various purposes, including flood control, hydroelectric power generation, and water resource management. In this article, we will delve into the top 10 biggest dams in China, showcasing the country’s commitment to sustainable development and its mastery of large-scale infrastructure projects.

China’s Biggest Dam 2025

As of 2025, the Three Gorges Dam remains the world’s largest hydroelectric facility, dominating the Yangtze River near Sandouping in Yiling District, Yichang, Hubei province, China. This colossal dam boasts an impressive installed capacity of 22,500 megawatts (MW), making it the powerhouse of the world in terms of electricity generation.

In 2014, the Three Gorges Dam achieved a remarkable feat by producing 98.8 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity, setting a world record at the time. However, in 2016, the Itaipú Dam surpassed this record, generating an even more substantial 103.1 TWh. Nevertheless, the Three Gorges Dam continues to stand as a monumental engineering achievement, symbolizing China’s commitment to harnessing its natural resources for sustainable energy production on a massive scale.

Key Features of Three Gorges Dam

  • Concrete Gravity Dam: 2,335 meters long and 185 meters high, built to hold massive water pressure.
  • Huge Reservoir: Stretches 666 km and covers 632 sq km, one of the world’s largest man-made lakes.
  • Hydropower Station: Contains 34 generators with a total capacity of 22.5 million kilowatts.
  • Navigation System: Includes a ship lock and ship lift to help boats cross the dam.
  • Flood Control: Helps manage Yangtze River flow and prevent downstream flooding.
  • Electricity Generation: Supplies clean energy to millions, reducing pollution.
  • Environmental Impact: Lowers carbon emissions but affects river ecosystems.
  • Social Impact: Displaced over 1 million people but improved flood safety and water supply.

Biggest Dam in China – Name

The Three Gorges Dam, situated on the Yangtze River near Yichang in Hubei province, stands as a testament to China’s ambitious engineering endeavors. This colossal hydroelectric gravity dam, officially launched in 1994, holds the distinction of being the largest engineering project in China at the time. Upon its completion in 2006, it claimed the title of the world’s largest dam structure.

Historical Significance of China’s Biggest Dam

  • Early Discussions and Feasibility Studies: The idea for the Three Gorges Dam was first discussed in the 1920s, gaining renewed attention in 1953 under the directive of Chinese leader Mao Zedong. Detailed planning commenced in 1955.
  • Delays and Resistance: Despite its proponents’ arguments for flood control, inland trade facilitation, and power generation, the project faced significant resistance. Work on the dam was delayed for almost 40 years due to concerns about dam collapse, displacement of millions, and environmental impact. Premier Li Peng finally secured approval from the National People’s Congress in 1992.
  • Construction Phases: Construction progressed in phases, with the river being blocked and diverted in 1997, marking the completion of the first phase. The reservoir began to fill in 2003, and by 2006, the main wall of the dam was completed. The final generators were operational by mid-2012.

Physical Description and Capacity

  • Structural Magnificence: The Three Gorges Dam is an imposing straight-crested concrete gravity structure, spanning a remarkable 2,335 meters (7,660 feet) in length and reaching a maximum height of 185 meters (607 feet). Its construction involved the use of 28 million cubic meters (37 million cubic yards) of concrete and 463,000 metric tons of steel.
  • Deepwater Reservoir and Navigation: The dam’s reservoir, stretching through the Qutang, Wu, and Xiling gorges for approximately 600 kilometers (375 miles), facilitates the navigation of oceangoing freighters. This extensive reservoir allows ships to travel 2,250 kilometers (1,400 miles) inland, connecting Shanghai on the East China Sea to the inland city of Chongqing. Navigation is facilitated by five-tier ship locks at both ends of the dam complex.
  • Hydroelectric Power Generation: The Three Gorges Dam is a powerhouse of energy production. Limited hydroelectric power generation began in 2003 and gradually expanded with additional turbine generators coming online. By 2012, all 32 turbine generator units were operational, providing the dam with an unmatched capacity to generate 22,500 megawatts of electricity. In 2020, the hydroelectric plant set a new world record for annual power generation volume at 111.88 terawatt hours.

Controversies and Challenges of Three Gorges Dam

Displacement and Environmental Impact: The construction of the Three Gorges Dam has not been without controversy. At least 1.3 million people were displaced, and numerous natural features, as well as rare architectural and archaeological sites, were destroyed. The dam’s reservoir has been linked to an increase in landslides and earthquakes in the region.

Debates on Flood Control Efficacy: While the dam was intended to protect millions from periodic flooding in the Yangtze basin, its effectiveness in this regard has been a subject of ongoing debate. In 2020, when China faced its heaviest floods in over three decades, officials claimed that the dam mitigated damage and loss of life. Critics, however, emphasized the limitations of the dam as a flood-control tool.

 

Which State is known as the Hydropower Capital of India?

India is blessed with many rivers and hilly regions that make it perfect for producing electricity from water, called hydropower. This clean and renewable source of energy is becoming more important as the country looks for eco-friendly ways to meet its growing power needs. Among all the states, one stands out for having the biggest potential to generate hydropower and is earning a special title for it.

What is Hydropower?

Hydropower, also called hydroelectric power, is a way of making electricity using the movement of water. When water flows from a height, it can turn turbines that produce electricity. This method is one of the oldest, cleanest and most reliable sources of renewable energy. Unlike coal or oil, it does not pollute the air and can work for decades once a dam or power plant is built.

Hydropower Capital of India

In 2025, Arunachal Pradesh earned the title of Hydropower Capital of India. With its tall mountains, deep valleys and strong flowing rivers, this state has an estimated hydropower potential of 56,000 megawatts – the highest in the country. Chief Minister Prema Khandu has shared that this massive capacity can help India meet its clean energy targets and reduce dependence on polluting energy sources.

Why is Arunachal Pradesh Known as the Hydropower Capital of India?

Arunachal Pradesh is known as the Hydropower Capital of India because it has the highest potential to produce electricity from water, with an estimated 56,000 megawatts. The state’s tall mountains, fast-flowing rivers, and deep valleys make it perfect for hydropower. Major projects like Kameng, Subansiri, and Dibang are already boosting clean energy. Arunachal’s focus on green power helps India meet its energy needs while protecting the environment and supporting sustainable development.

Major Hydropower Projects in Arunachal Pradesh

  • Kameng Hydropower Project (600 MW): Already completed, this project adds a large amount of clean electricity to India’s national power grid.
  • Subansiri Lower Hydropower Project (2,000 MW): One of India’s most anticipated projects, now close to completion. It will provide a big boost to the country’s renewable energy capacity.
  • Dibang Multipurpose Project (2,880 MW): Currently under construction, this will be India’s largest hydroelectric project once finished.
  • Upcoming Projects (15,000 MW): Arunachal Pradesh also has 13 more projects in the pipeline, expected to start within the next three years. These will further cement the state’s position as India’s hydropower leader.

Economic and Social Benefits

Hydropower is not just about producing electricity- it also brings money, jobs and growth to the state.

  • Free Power Revenue: Arunachal Pradesh will receive around Rs.4,171 crore worth of free power, strengthening its economy.
  • Community Investments: Rs.735 crore is being directly used for local development in infrastructure schools and healthcare.
  • Annual Dividends: Hydropower projects are expected to bring Rs.1,884 crore every year, providing long-term financial stability.

Sustainability and Environment

Arunachal Pradesh is providing that development and nature can go hand-in-hand. By using its rivers wisely, the state is protecting its environment, while also using it for progress. Its approach matches India’s commitment to global climate goals, showing that renewable energy can be a path toward both prosperity and sustainability.

From beautiful untouched landscapes to big dams, Arunachal Pradesh is showing that nature and development can grow together. With progress in energy, economy, and environment, the state is not only helping power the country but also setting an example for smart growth.

List of India’s Longest-Serving Home Ministers

On August 6, 2025, Amit Shah became the longest-serving Home Minister of India, surpassing a major political milestone that places him above his predecessors in terms of tenure. Known for his bold decision-making, Shah’s extended stay in office reflects a period of decisive internal security and political consolidation in the country.

His tenure has seen key developments such as the revocation of Jammu & Kashmir’s special status, the introduction of the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, a crackdown on Maoist insurgency, and the enactment of landmark criminal law reforms. These actions have made him one of the most influential figures to ever hold the home ministry portfolio.

Top 10 Longest-Serving Home Ministers of India

Here’s a look at the ten Home Ministers who held the position the longest, shaping India’s internal policies and governance over the decades:

Rank Name Tenure / Period in Office
1 Amit Shah May 30, 2019 – Present (2,258+ days and counting)
2 L.K. Advani March 19, 1998 – May 22, 2004 (2,256 days)
3 Govind Ballabh Pant January 10, 1955 – March 1961 (approx. 6 years)
4 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel August 15, 1947 – December 12, 1950
5 Yashwantrao Chavan November 14, 1966 – June 1970 (approx. 3.5 years)
6 Lal Bahadur Shastri April 4, 1961 – August 29, 1963
7 Indira Gandhi June 27, 1970 – February 4, 1973
8 Kailash Nath Katju November 5, 1951 – January 10, 1955
9 C. Rajagopalachari December 26, 1950 – October 25, 1951
10 Gulzarilal Nanda August 29, 1963 – November 14, 1966

The Significance of the Home Ministry

The Ministry of Home Affairs is one of the most powerful portfolios in the Indian government. Tasked with maintaining internal security, public order, and overseeing important matters like law enforcement and disaster management, the role of the Home Minister is central to national governance.

Over the years, individuals who have held this post have dealt with challenges ranging from communal unrest and border issues to constitutional changes and counter-insurgency operations. A long tenure in this role often signals not just political stability but also trust from the Prime Minister and the ruling party.

What is the Old Name of Hyderabad?

Hyderabad is one of India’s most vibrant cities, known for its rich culture, mouth-watering biryani and monuments, and bustling markets. It has a long and fascinating history that goes back hundreds of years. But did you know that the city was not always called Hyderabad? In the past,  it was known by a completely different name that carries a beautiful story and deep historical meaning.

An Overview of Hyderabad

Hyderabad is the capital and largest city of Telangana, located in southern India on the Deccan Plateau. It covers about 650 square kilometers and lies along the Musi River. The city is known for its hilly terrain and artificial lakes like Hussain Sagar. As per the 2011 Census, Hyderabad has a city population of 6.9 million and around 9.7 million in its metro area, making it one of India’s most populous cities.

Old Name of Hyderabad

The old name of Hyderabad was Bhagyanagar. According to popular belief, this name was linked to Bhagmati, a woman who captured the heart of Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, the fifth ruler of the Qutb Shahi dynasty. The king is said to have named the city Bhagyanagar in her honour. This romantic connection between the ruler and and Bhagmati remains one of the most well-known tales from Hyderabad’s history.

Why the Name Changed to Hyderabad?

The city’s name change is too rooted in this love story. Historical accounts suggest that Bhagmati married the king and later converted to Islam. After her conversion, she was given the royal title Hyder Mahal. To honour her newly identity, the city was renamed Hyderabad, which means ”City of Hyder.”

Some historians also believe that the new name was chosen for its Islamic significance, reflecting the cultural and religious atmosphere of that time.

A City Built on Rich History and Culture

Hyderabad was officially founded in 1591 and soon became a centre of art, architecture, poetry and trade under the Qutb Shahi dynasty. Later, it rose to even greater prominence under the Nizams, who made it the capital of the Hyderabad State. The city’s strategic location in the Deccan region made it an important hub for politics, culture and commerce.

Interesting Historical Insights About Hyderabad

  • Planned to Overcome Water Shortages: Before Hyderabad was founded, the capital of the Qutb Shahi dynasty was Golconda. However, Golconda faced severe water shortages. Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah planned a new city along the Musi River – a location that ensured a steady water supply for its residents.
  • The Charminar and the End of a Plague: One of Hyderabad’s most famous landmarks, the Charminar, has a symbolic origin. It was constructed to commemorate the end of a deadly plague that had devastated the region. It also marks the exact spot where the city’s layout was first planned.
  • Home to the World’s Largest Film Studio: Modern Hyderabad is not just about history – it is also home to Ramoji Film City, recognized as the largest film studio complex in the world. This entertainment hub attracts filmmakers from across India and beyond.
  • The Royal Origins of Hyderabadi Biryani: The world-famous Hyderabadi Biryani traces its roots to the royal kitchens of the Nizams. This special dish blends Mughal and South Indian flavours, creating a unique taste loved globally.
  • A Princely State Larger than France: Before Hyderabad merged with India in 1948, it was one of the largest and richest princely states in the country. In fact, Hyderabad State was larger in area than many European countries, including France.

Who is Famously Known as Tota-e-Hind? Know the Name

In Indian history, many great personalities have earned unique titles that describe their special talents and contributions. One such title, Tota-e-Hind, meaning “Parrot of India,” was given to a remarkable figure known for his sweet speech, beautiful poetry, and cultural influence. Let’s explore who earned this name and why it became such an important part of their legacy.

What does ‘Tota-e-Hind’ Mean?

“Tota-e-Hind” is a Persian phrase that translates to “Parrot of India” in English.

It is a title given to someone whose words were sweet, wise, and meaningful, like the charming voice of a parrot. In history, one great personality earned this beautiful title because of his poetic brilliance and deep love for India.

Who is Known as ‘Tota-e-Hind’?

The person famously known as Tota-e-Hind was Abu’l Hasan Yamin-ud-Din Khusrau, also known as Amir Khusrau.

  • Born: 1253, in present-day Uttar Pradesh
  • Died: 1325, in Delhi
  • Occupation: Poet, musician, thinker, and Sufi follower
  • Time Period: During the Delhi Sultanate

He was not only a court poet but also a spiritual follower of the Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya.

Why was Amir Khusrau called Tota-e-Hind?

Amir Khusrau was called Tota-e-Hind (Parrot of India) because:

  • His poetry was filled with beauty and meaning.
  • He spoke and wrote in a way that made people think and feel deeply.
  • He expressed the true spirit of India through his verses in Persian, Hindavi, and even Punjabi.
  • People compared his elegant words to the sweet and clever talk of a parrot.

Contribution in the Field of Literature

He wrote thousands of poems in different styles like:

  • Ghazal
  • Masnavi
  • Ruba’i
  • Doha
  • Qasida

He wrote in Persian (the main language of the time), but also introduced Hindavi, which later helped in the development of Hindi and Urdu.

Contribution in the Field of Music

Amir Khusrau made huge contributions to Indian music:

  • He is known as the Father of Qawwali – a form of devotional Sufi music.
  • He is credited with inventing musical styles like Tarana and Trivat.
  • He is believed to have modified the Veena to create the sitar, a popular Indian instrument.

His Connection to Sufism

Khusrau was deeply influenced by Sufi teachings and became a close follower of Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya, a respected Sufi saint in Delhi.

He believed in peace, love, and unity of all people, regardless of religion. Many of his poems express spiritual love and devotion.

Famous Books and Work of Amir Khusrau

Amir Khusrau wrote many famous books and collections. Some of them are:

  • Tuhfat-us-Sighr (Gift of Childhood)
  • Wast-ul-Hayat (Middle of Life)
  • Nuh Sipihr (Nine Skies)
  • Khamsa-e-Khusrau – A set of 5 long poems
  • Tughlaqnama – A poem about the Tughlaq rulers

His poems are still sung at Sufi dargahs in India and Pakistan.

Legacy of Amir Khusrau, Tota-e-Hind

Amir Khusrau’s influence can still be seen today:

  • His riddles and dohas are popular among children and elders alike.
  • His qawwalis are sung at Sufi gatherings.
  • He is remembered for his efforts to bring different languages and cultures together.
  • His tomb lies beside Nizamuddin Auliya’s in Delhi, where visitors come to pay respects.

Which State is Known as the Sleeping State of India?

India is a country with many states, each known for something special—some for their culture, others for their development or natural beauty. But there is one state that is often called the “Sleeping State of India” because of its calm, quiet nature and low visibility in national news. Let’s explore why this state got such a nickname and what makes it unique.

What Does ‘Sleeping State’ Mean?

When we say a state is the “Sleeping State”, it doesn’t mean people are lazy or the place is not growing. It simply means that the lifestyle there is quiet, peaceful, and slow-paced. People in such places prefer early sleep, simple living, and a life close to nature—far from the noise and rush of big cities.

Sleeping State of India

Himachal Pradesh, a beautiful hill state in northern India, is often called the Sleeping State of India.
Here are some reasons why Himachal Pradesh earned the title of ”Sleeping State of India”:

  • People here sleep early and wake up early.
  • After sunset, most shops close down, and streets become silent.
  • The peaceful mountain environment encourages restful and relaxed living.

This calm routine is very different from the busy lifestyle of metro cities.

What is Life Like in Himachal’s Villages?

In Himachal Villages:

  • People start their day with sunrise.
  • They work during the day and finish dinner before dark.
  • By 8 or 9 PM, most families are indoors and ready to sleep.
  • Nights are quiet and dark, with almost no traffic or noise.

This early-sleeping pattern is common across villages and small towns.

Why is Himachal So Peaceful?

There are many reasons why Himachal has such a peaceful way of life:

  • Fresh mountain air and natural surroundings.
  • Fewer industries and traffic compared to big cities.
  • A lifestyle that follows natural light and weather.
  • People live close to nature and follow traditional village routines.

Life here flows slowly, just like the rivers and winds in the hills.

Quiet Places to Experience the Sleeping Culture

Some villages in Himachal truly reflect this quiet and peaceful lifestyle:

  • Chitkul: Known as the last village of India
  • Kalpa: Offers beautiful mountain views and apple orchards
  • Tirthan Valley: Perfect for nature lovers and peaceful stays
  • Spiti Valley: A high-altitude desert known for its silence and calm

Tourists often visit these places to escape the noise of city life and enjoy nature.

Does ‘Sleeping State’ Mean Himachal is Behind?

Not at all. Calling Himachal the “Sleeping State” doesn’t mean it’s not developing. In fact:

  • Himachal has good roads, schools, and tourism facilities.
  • It was the first Indian state to become smoke-free.
  • It has strict anti-plastic laws to protect the environment.
  • It is called the Apple State of India because it produces large amounts of apples.
  • Dharamshala is home to the Dalai Lama and a major center for Tibetan culture.

So, the nickname only shows how calm and peaceful the lifestyle is—not its progress.

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